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(Note that a training project, the initialization of an AI model’s weights against a dataset, differs from a fine-tuning LLM project, which further trains pre-trained models and is often even more costly in terms of computational resources).",[469],{"_30":462,"_16":42,"_391":470},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/rag-vs-fine-tuning",{"_30":472,"_16":270,"_271":473,"_279":496,"_281":282},"9071a9e4fb58",[474,478,483,487,492],{"_30":475,"_16":275,"_276":476,"_146":477},"d37f5bff4703",[],"Whether you're building a chatbot with expertise fueled by internal documentation, generating domain-specific content, building a",{"_30":479,"_16":275,"_276":480,"_146":482},"ff69fa245d49",[481],"8a8f6d620c5d"," natural-language processing (NLP)",{"_30":484,"_16":275,"_276":485,"_146":486},"0724750bc08d",[],"-focused",{"_30":488,"_16":275,"_276":489,"_146":491},"5f30dce4a8ef",[490],"7f220939a0fd"," BERT model",{"_30":493,"_16":275,"_276":494,"_146":495},"cce76ef5fe75",[]," for a text data or text generation use case, or enhancing existing models with proprietary knowledge, this tutorial will walk you through the practical steps required to train a language model on your own dataset.",[497,499],{"_30":481,"_16":42,"_391":498},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing",{"_30":490,"_16":42,"_391":500},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)",{"_30":502,"_16":122,"_111":503},"71f3d6c2eb40",{"_113":504,"_16":115},"image-57880beea577987aaefcbac3658955424d2dabbd-1200x2-jpg",{"_30":506,"_16":270,"_271":507,"_279":512,"_281":513},"9980872013aa",[508],{"_30":509,"_16":275,"_276":510,"_146":511},"8f0616078cf0",[],"More Resources on LLM Engineering",[],"h3",{"_30":515,"_16":270,"_271":516,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":526,"_281":282},"52d136e50b86",[517],{"_30":518,"_16":275,"_276":519,"_146":521},"3a1e7e239739",[520],"51f7019d065f","Article: LLM Fine-Tuning: A Guide for Engineering Teams in 2025","level",1,"listItem","bullet",[527],{"_30":520,"_16":42,"_391":528},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/llm-fine-tuning",{"_30":530,"_16":270,"_271":531,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":537,"_281":282},"b90365c48cb8",[532],{"_30":533,"_16":275,"_276":534,"_146":536},"0211029c56af",[535],"774350bf476d","Article: RAG vs. Fine-Tuning: What Dev Teams Need to Know",[538],{"_30":535,"_16":42,"_391":470},{"_30":540,"_16":270,"_271":541,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":547,"_281":282},"7a83b822584d",[542],{"_30":543,"_16":275,"_276":544,"_146":546},"8dcbb68adbde",[545],"be97ab70f307","Article: Synthetic Data for AI: Purpose and Use Cases",[548],{"_30":545,"_16":42,"_391":549},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/synthetic-data-for-ai",{"_30":551,"_16":270,"_271":552,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":558,"_281":282},"54d3ce84a16e",[553],{"_30":554,"_16":275,"_276":555,"_146":557},"d98b34615398",[556],"c886ace6e24a","Article: How to Create Data Pipelines",[559],{"_30":556,"_16":42,"_391":560},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-to-create-data-pipelines",{"_30":562,"_16":122,"_111":563},"2989adc68ef0",{"_113":504,"_16":115},{"_30":565,"_16":270,"_271":566,"_279":571,"_281":513},"3dc8452f6bb0",[567],{"_30":568,"_16":275,"_276":569,"_146":570},"0ef22361eadf",[],"What Is an LLM and Its Key Components?",[],{"_30":573,"_16":270,"_271":574,"_279":597,"_281":282},"4ab475bdf11e",[575,579,584,588,593],{"_30":576,"_16":275,"_276":577,"_146":578},"dfdf24648eb6",[],"If you’re reading this, there’s already a good chance you know about LLMs, here’s a brief recap. An LLM is a deep learning model trained to understand and generate human language. LLMs are commonly built on the",{"_30":580,"_16":275,"_276":581,"_146":583},"a42d067fb740",[582],"f10bc77397f6"," Transformer architecture",{"_30":585,"_16":275,"_276":586,"_146":587},"cbef3de8d5e2",[],", introduced in the seminal \"",{"_30":589,"_16":275,"_276":590,"_146":592},"de9052028c45",[591],"a7769067698b","Attention is All You Need",{"_30":594,"_16":275,"_276":595,"_146":596},"00adc4ff135f",[],"\" paper.",[598,600],{"_30":582,"_16":42,"_391":599},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)",{"_30":591,"_16":42,"_391":601},"https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762",{"_30":603,"_16":270,"_271":604,"_279":609,"_281":282},"79e56bc43c57",[605],{"_30":606,"_16":275,"_276":607,"_146":608},"8589ac125a91",[],"Key components of an LLM include:",[],{"_30":611,"_16":270,"_271":612,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":622,"_281":282},"d16b8cd3ddfa",[613,618],{"_30":614,"_16":275,"_276":615,"_146":617},"91329b0ce3d4",[616],"strong","Tokenization:",{"_30":619,"_16":275,"_276":620,"_146":621},"24c7f1508da4",[]," Breaks inputted text into manageable units/tokens (such as words or subwords) so it’s machine-readable.",[],{"_30":624,"_16":270,"_271":625,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":634,"_281":282},"df1c73b6c0eb",[626,630],{"_30":627,"_16":275,"_276":628,"_146":629},"258fd9bced23",[616],"Embedding Layer:",{"_30":631,"_16":275,"_276":632,"_146":633},"8d813909c24d",[]," Maps tokens to high-dimensional vectors. These embeddings are updated during model training to capture task-specific meaning.",[],{"_30":636,"_16":270,"_271":637,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":646,"_281":282},"ce34cd758ab4",[638,642],{"_30":639,"_16":275,"_276":640,"_146":641},"1bca2ab083ee",[616],"Positional Encoding:",{"_30":643,"_16":275,"_276":644,"_146":645},"b8841f98c482",[]," Added to token embeddings to give the model information about the position of each token in the sequence.",[],{"_30":648,"_16":270,"_271":649,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":658,"_281":282},"76d55bc27217",[650,654],{"_30":651,"_16":275,"_276":652,"_146":653},"34f8cfebe47f",[616],"Attention Mechanisms:",{"_30":655,"_16":275,"_276":656,"_146":657},"cbb723a92424",[]," Allows the model to weigh the relationships between all tokens in a sequence, and dynamically focus on the most relevant components of the context for each token.",[],{"_30":660,"_16":270,"_271":661,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":670,"_281":282},"8b720d3c6d00",[662,666],{"_30":663,"_16":275,"_276":664,"_146":665},"7c253cfba82e",[616],"Feed-Forward Networks:",{"_30":667,"_16":275,"_276":668,"_146":669},"cf9a2b6d5a47",[]," Process each position independently, and enrich the model’s capacity to detect and process complex patterns per the model’s algorithms.",[],{"_30":672,"_16":270,"_271":673,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":682,"_281":282},"b2400571263c",[674,678],{"_30":675,"_16":275,"_276":676,"_146":677},"0366238f7b35",[616],"Output Layer:",{"_30":679,"_16":275,"_276":680,"_146":681},"cb097c884067",[]," Converts the final token representations into probabilities over the vocabulary, which then generates predictions, such as the next token in a sequence.",[],{"_30":684,"_16":270,"_271":685,"_279":699,"_281":282},"6c4571fec1e1",[686,690,695],{"_30":687,"_16":275,"_276":688,"_146":689},"d4c21dc4f2c0",[],"When combined, these elements of an LLM create a pipeline that transforms your inputted raw text into outputted",{"_30":691,"_16":275,"_276":692,"_146":694},"bfcf7e0e534a",[693],"955440818a39"," meaningful predictions",{"_30":696,"_16":275,"_276":697,"_146":698},"a648856fd6d8",[]," with nuanced understanding and context-aware sensitivity. Now let’s talk about how to apply that to your organization.",[700],{"_30":693,"_16":42,"_391":701},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/ai-inference",{"_30":703,"_16":270,"_271":704,"_279":709,"_281":354},"8012c53cf0be",[705],{"_30":706,"_16":275,"_276":707,"_146":708},"26dabdc33c73",[],"Why Train an LLM on Your Own Data?",[],{"_30":711,"_16":270,"_271":712,"_279":717,"_281":282},"d73ea082ccdf",[713],{"_30":714,"_16":275,"_276":715,"_146":716},"a2c65cd84ae4",[],"If you have a common medical problem, such as a cough or headache, you’re probably fine going to see a doctor who is a general practitioner. On the other hand, if there are recurring concerns about specific parts of your body, such as your knees or shoulders, you might want to schedule an appointment with someone who specializes in that field, such as an orthopedic surgeon. The value of your own LLM, trained to focus on your users’ needs, can be seen in a similar way.",[],{"_30":719,"_16":270,"_271":720,"_279":725,"_281":282},"02c6fe3d89a4",[721],{"_30":722,"_16":275,"_276":723,"_146":724},"5bf9c0a71c24",[],"While GPT-4, for instance, might be able to provide a broad overview of what your organization does at a high level — based on publicly available information — it’s not going to be able to do so with the same level of granular knowledge that is common amongst your co-workers.",[],{"_30":727,"_16":270,"_271":728,"_279":732,"_281":282},"c1b7a7e56c46",[729],{"_30":730,"_16":275,"_276":731,"_146":450},"a4ce084fe742",[],[],{"_30":734,"_16":270,"_271":735,"_279":740,"_281":282},"fdd766dfd996",[736],{"_30":737,"_16":275,"_276":738,"_146":739},"9dcf25f638a4",[],"By training an LLM on your own dataset, you can achieve:",[],{"_30":742,"_16":270,"_271":743,"_279":752,"_281":282},"2babe1df0a62",[744,748],{"_30":745,"_16":275,"_276":746,"_146":747},"c2345bf86f48",[616],"Domain Knowledge:",{"_30":749,"_16":275,"_276":750,"_146":751},"354423d39a3e",[]," General models will struggle with niche terminology or specialized workflows. By training your own LLM on your own specific data tailored to your use case (like support tickets, codebases, or datasheets), you ensure the model internalizes domain-specific vocabulary, abbreviations, and context.",[],{"_30":754,"_16":270,"_271":755,"_279":782,"_281":282},"eff652765c59",[756,760,764,769,773,778],{"_30":757,"_16":275,"_276":758,"_146":759},"c0dc64eaf562",[616],"Better Performance:",{"_30":761,"_16":275,"_276":762,"_146":763},"80720adb7a32",[]," Generic models can be imprecise on narrow tasks.",{"_30":765,"_16":275,"_276":766,"_146":768},"ba195bedbcbe",[767],"9810080ef9f3"," Fine-tuning",{"_30":770,"_16":275,"_276":771,"_146":772},"58145107b894",[]," on task-relevant examples, such as customer questions, code reviews, or internal documentation, significantly boosts accuracy, relevance, and reliability. For use cases where data freshness is critical, updating your data (such as via a",{"_30":774,"_16":275,"_276":775,"_146":777},"6e48850fe2cf",[776],"4a6eadff5615"," data pipeline",{"_30":779,"_16":275,"_276":780,"_146":781},"c317a37d875b",[],") using a real-time cadence may be necessary.",[783,785],{"_30":767,"_16":42,"_391":784},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-to-make-open-llms-work-in-practice",{"_30":776,"_16":42,"_391":560},{"_30":787,"_16":270,"_271":788,"_279":815,"_281":282},"fb7c76ae74a0",[789,793,797,802,806,811],{"_30":790,"_16":275,"_276":791,"_146":792},"10b3cc973f92",[616],"Privacy and Control:",{"_30":794,"_16":275,"_276":795,"_146":796},"4598d730d126",[]," If you choose to host and train your own LLM on-premise or within a secure cloud environment, you’ll ensure that sensitive, regulated, or proprietary data stays within your",{"_30":798,"_16":275,"_276":799,"_146":801},"47188695285e",[800],"408d06df4f75"," infrastructure",{"_30":803,"_16":275,"_276":804,"_146":805},"3e2d44731d4c",[],". This is especially",{"_30":807,"_16":275,"_276":808,"_146":810},"11676f23b056",[809],"673cf4527d26"," important for industries",{"_30":812,"_16":275,"_276":813,"_146":814},"f6289cade65e",[]," with compliance requirements or IP concerns.",[816,818],{"_30":800,"_16":42,"_391":817},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/collections/ai-infrastructure",{"_30":809,"_16":42,"_391":819},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-llm-guardrails-reduce-ai-risk-in-software-development",{"_30":821,"_16":270,"_271":822,"_279":831,"_281":282},"28a6bec21ee5",[823,827],{"_30":824,"_16":275,"_276":825,"_146":826},"c1c9b97d8529",[616],"Customization:",{"_30":828,"_16":275,"_276":829,"_146":830},"ce693571ded0",[]," By fine-tuning the model's highly-sensitive behavior, you can better match your organization’s brand voice, formatting standards, or response strategies. This leads to a more consistent and aligned user experience across your product or platform.",[],{"_30":833,"_16":270,"_271":834,"_279":839,"_281":282},"3c7b494ec018",[835],{"_30":836,"_16":275,"_276":837,"_146":838},"60eb9ac95a33",[],"Training an LLM on your own training data turns a general-purpose tool into a purpose-built solution aligned exclusively with your environment, goals, and constraints. That said, anyone who has successfully built, launched, and maintained in-house tools knows it can all seem easier said than done.",[],{"_30":841,"_16":270,"_271":842,"_279":847,"_281":354},"435fd9b87290",[843],{"_30":844,"_16":275,"_276":845,"_146":846},"8bbcff7894d2",[],"How to Train an LLM on Your Own Data: A Step-by-Step Guide",[],{"_30":849,"_16":270,"_271":850,"_279":855,"_281":282},"54d2393ad9f5",[851],{"_30":852,"_16":275,"_276":853,"_146":854},"8faaf6301622",[],"The success of training your own LLM using training data you own hinges on a variety of factors, but let’s outline the broad steps, using Python and open-source tools where available for simplicity.",[],{"_30":857,"_16":270,"_271":858,"_279":863,"_281":513},"d14efe9f79e3",[859],{"_30":860,"_16":275,"_276":861,"_146":862},"1be386a89492",[],"1. Collect and Process Your Data",[],{"_30":865,"_16":270,"_271":866,"_279":871,"_281":282},"f58a2424fb87",[867],{"_30":868,"_16":275,"_276":869,"_146":870},"f6d19573d3e0",[],"It’s a lot easier and efficient to train your model if your assembled training data is cleaned up and standardized. Below are steps and tools to get high-quality data ready (and build a custom dataset as needed):",[],{"_30":873,"_16":270,"_271":874,"_279":879,"_281":282},"a7be667fd782",[875],{"_30":876,"_16":275,"_276":877,"_146":878},"bcfc1277316e",[616],"Data Collection",[],{"_30":881,"_16":270,"_271":882,"_279":887,"_281":282},"b41d5175ce43",[883],{"_30":884,"_16":275,"_276":885,"_146":886},"4a633c39c71e",[],"Here are a few sources to either sample or start datasets:",[],{"_30":889,"_16":270,"_271":890,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":896,"_281":282},"b8faef395a35",[891],{"_30":892,"_16":275,"_276":893,"_146":895},"afb9f16478bd",[894],"cf5c693d8b8b","Hugging Face",[897],{"_30":894,"_16":42,"_391":898},"https://huggingface.co/datasets",{"_30":900,"_16":270,"_271":901,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":907,"_281":282},"d52c81ba1362",[902],{"_30":903,"_16":275,"_276":904,"_146":906},"5fe38fe8151d",[905],"6bfc539e4511","Kaggle",[908],{"_30":905,"_16":42,"_391":909},"https://www.kaggle.com/datasets",{"_30":911,"_16":270,"_271":912,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":918,"_281":282},"0020bcb8fa03",[913],{"_30":914,"_16":275,"_276":915,"_146":917},"032270edcf9f",[916],"6a0fc6040371","GitHub Repositories",[919],{"_30":916,"_16":42,"_391":920},"https://github.com/",{"_30":922,"_16":270,"_271":923,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":929,"_281":282},"87cf9b5e90ed",[924],{"_30":925,"_16":275,"_276":926,"_146":928},"a41bd5ab3e93",[927],"84dedaae3a5a","DataCamp",[930],{"_30":927,"_16":42,"_391":931},"https://www.datacamp.com/",{"_30":933,"_16":270,"_271":934,"_279":939,"_281":282},"0bc9363eb7b5",[935],{"_30":936,"_16":275,"_276":937,"_146":938},"f9015129e83e",[],"For the actual contents of your data, you’ll need to figure out what items make the most sense for your use case, such as:",[],{"_30":941,"_16":270,"_271":942,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":947,"_281":282},"b46620f2256d",[943],{"_30":944,"_16":275,"_276":945,"_146":946},"9258aa31c662",[],"Internal documentation",[],{"_30":949,"_16":270,"_271":950,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":955,"_281":282},"cba51ec4eb06",[951],{"_30":952,"_16":275,"_276":953,"_146":954},"f96929df15ae",[],"CRM or support tickets",[],{"_30":957,"_16":270,"_271":958,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":963,"_281":282},"381813992645",[959],{"_30":960,"_16":275,"_276":961,"_146":962},"5c86f748fbe4",[],"Chat logs or Slack messages",[],{"_30":965,"_16":270,"_271":966,"_279":980,"_281":282},"039644394654",[967,971,976],{"_30":968,"_16":275,"_276":969,"_146":970},"0d4af49a2851",[],"If you’re building a customer support LLM, for example, you can start with a dataset like",{"_30":972,"_16":275,"_276":973,"_146":975},"96562f5665bf",[974],"f278daf38b23"," MultiWOZ",{"_30":977,"_16":275,"_276":978,"_146":979},"b1bea17e7055",[],", which is a collection of multi-domain task-oriented dialogues.",[981],{"_30":974,"_16":42,"_391":982},"https://huggingface.co/datasets/pfb30/multi_woz_v22",{"_30":984,"_16":270,"_271":985,"_279":990,"_281":282},"5c27a11f692d",[986],{"_30":987,"_16":275,"_276":988,"_146":989},"02bce45544db",[616],"Preprocess Your Data",[],{"_30":992,"_16":270,"_271":993,"_279":998,"_281":282},"8e3d25feaee7",[994],{"_30":995,"_16":275,"_276":996,"_146":997},"326ace37baa5",[],"Once you’ve got your data, you’ll need to prepare it for training. Preprocessing your training data will result in greater efficiency and reduced latency. Here’s what you need to look for:",[],{"_30":1000,"_16":270,"_271":1001,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1006,"_281":282},"7e6fea715c36",[1002],{"_30":1003,"_16":275,"_276":1004,"_146":1005},"42564f134e7b",[],"Remove duplicates to avoid skewing your model",[],{"_30":1008,"_16":270,"_271":1009,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1014,"_281":282},"36c003978211",[1010],{"_30":1011,"_16":275,"_276":1012,"_146":1013},"8fc4db96a9ca",[],"Watch for data gaps and remove rows with missing context",[],{"_30":1016,"_16":270,"_271":1017,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1022,"_281":282},"b83a1da66d3b",[1018],{"_30":1019,"_16":275,"_276":1020,"_146":1021},"8a46aab4cf51",[],"Filter incomplete examples, such as dialogues without responses",[],{"_30":1024,"_16":270,"_271":1025,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1030,"_281":282},"95a263361cd8",[1026],{"_30":1027,"_16":275,"_276":1028,"_146":1029},"5da8fe319dcc",[],"Label your data if needed for supervised fine-tuning",[],{"_30":1032,"_16":270,"_271":1033,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1038,"_281":282},"f5c6e7caa203",[1034],{"_30":1035,"_16":275,"_276":1036,"_146":1037},"5a44eab38a8b",[],"Eliminate HTML tags and special characters",[],{"_30":1040,"_16":270,"_271":1041,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1046,"_281":282},"35d65f06af5e",[1042],{"_30":1043,"_16":275,"_276":1044,"_146":1045},"4ceeccf4f939",[],"Normalize text (lowercasing, removing stopwords, etc.)",[],{"_30":1048,"_16":270,"_271":1049,"_279":1054,"_281":282},"7391d0d52865",[1050],{"_30":1051,"_16":275,"_276":1052,"_146":1053},"84a85bd49e14",[],"Finally, tokenize and convert your text to a numerical format using tools like Hugging Face's tokenizer:",[],{"_30":1056,"_16":270,"_271":1057,"_279":1061,"_281":282},"b1bf8c40d9f9",[1058],{"_30":1059,"_16":275,"_276":1060,"_146":450},"8bfe355d2893",[],[],{"_30":1063,"_16":270,"_271":1064,"_279":1069,"_281":282},"dfc9607744e1",[1065],{"_30":1066,"_16":275,"_276":1067,"_146":1068},"5de4855bdce9",[439,616],"python",[],{"_30":1071,"_16":270,"_271":1072,"_279":1077,"_281":282},"25dace9605dd",[1073],{"_30":1074,"_16":275,"_276":1075,"_146":1076},"6cfa6f96119e",[439,616],"from transformers import AutoTokenizer",[],{"_30":1079,"_16":270,"_271":1080,"_279":1085,"_281":282},"76fe1acc92bb",[1081],{"_30":1082,"_16":275,"_276":1083,"_146":1084},"6d9f44a5201e",[439,616],"sample_text = \"Hello, how can I help you today?\"",[],{"_30":1087,"_16":270,"_271":1088,"_279":1093,"_281":282},"4478003ae768",[1089],{"_30":1090,"_16":275,"_276":1091,"_146":1092},"691f6e5b3384",[439,616],"tokens = tokenizer(sample_text, padding=\"max_length\", truncation=True, return_tensors=\"pt\")",[],{"_30":1095,"_16":270,"_271":1096,"_279":1100,"_281":282},"9544c0bb6afb",[1097],{"_30":1098,"_16":275,"_276":1099,"_146":450},"faec8285f91d",[],[],{"_30":1102,"_16":270,"_271":1103,"_279":1108,"_281":282},"4dc3185cb77a",[1104],{"_30":1105,"_16":275,"_276":1106,"_146":1107},"ff2f0794ea0e",[],"You may also embed the tokens or assess attention layers later in the model pipeline, but at this stage, it’s a good idea to focus on ensuring your data is in a standardized, clean text form that will play nicely with any API you use to feed data to your model",[],{"_30":1110,"_16":270,"_271":1111,"_279":1116,"_281":513},"c560eec67861",[1112],{"_30":1113,"_16":275,"_276":1114,"_146":1115},"27d99ca7c7a5",[],"2. 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This is the go-to metric that tells you how “confused” the model is when predicting the next token. Lower perplexity means more confidence and accuracy in its predictions.",[],{"_30":1711,"_16":270,"_271":1712,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1721,"_281":282},"43decf5bbefc",[1713,1717],{"_30":1714,"_16":275,"_276":1715,"_146":1716},"5ae741664ee0",[616],"Loss:",{"_30":1718,"_16":275,"_276":1719,"_146":1720},"c86f3f642510",[]," How far off the model’s predictions are from the correct answers (ground truth). It's computed during training using a function, which is usually cross-entropy loss for language models.",[],{"_30":1723,"_16":270,"_271":1724,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":1767,"_281":282},"ee32d65601af",[1725,1729,1733,1738,1741,1746,1750,1755,1758,1763],{"_30":1726,"_16":275,"_276":1727,"_146":1728},"f716ad6339bf",[616],"Task-Specific Metrics:",{"_30":1730,"_16":275,"_276":1731,"_146":1732},"e5b50c99fa5d",[]," Measure the model’s performance on the actual job it’s intended to do, rather than just general language ability. For example, If your LLM is summarizing text, you might use",{"_30":1734,"_16":275,"_276":1735,"_146":1737},"eb487ba6a725",[1736],"ad16f5ad82ba"," ROUGE",{"_30":1739,"_16":275,"_276":1740,"_146":1150},"7dfbde7a427c",[],{"_30":1742,"_16":275,"_276":1743,"_146":1745},"a4652cab3750",[1744],"476e60e9c057"," BLEU",{"_30":1747,"_16":275,"_276":1748,"_146":1749},"25ca19ba4ef0",[]," scores. 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Each metric captures success in a way that generic benchmarks cannot.",[1768,1770,1772,1774],{"_30":1736,"_16":42,"_391":1769},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROUGE_(metric)#:~:text=ROUGE%2C%20or%20Recall%2DOriented%20Understudy,produced%20summary%20and%20the%20reference.",{"_30":1744,"_16":42,"_391":1771},"https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/advanced/automl-evaluate#:~:text=BLEU%20(BiLingual%20Evaluation%20Understudy)%20is,of%20high%20quality%20reference%20translations.",{"_30":1753,"_16":42,"_391":1773},"https://huggingface.co/spaces/evaluate-metric/exact_match",{"_30":1761,"_16":42,"_391":1775},"https://arize.com/blog-course/f1-score/",{"_30":1777,"_16":270,"_271":1778,"_279":1783,"_281":282},"97559d290eaf",[1779],{"_30":1780,"_16":275,"_276":1781,"_146":1782},"233142bc42cf",[],"As a general rule, during training, you’ll want to measure log loss and perplexity after every epoch/batch. 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Unlike model parameters (like weights and biases, which are learned from data), hyperparameters are set manually before training begins.",[1813],{"_30":1806,"_16":42,"_391":1814},"https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/machine-learning/hyperparameter-tuning/",{"_30":1816,"_16":270,"_271":1817,"_279":1822,"_281":282},"6c72e6c7994a",[1818],{"_30":1819,"_16":275,"_276":1820,"_146":1821},"4cd88078b2f6",[],"When training LLMs, tuning hyperparameters is crucial to getting better performance, especially on custom or domain-specific datasets.",[],{"_30":1824,"_16":270,"_271":1825,"_279":1830,"_281":282},"f49d754c7a9d",[1826],{"_30":1827,"_16":275,"_276":1828,"_146":1829},"7c61fa736ffc",[],"Since LLMs are incredibly sensitive to how they’re trained, even small changes in hyperparameters can lead to noticeable differences in output quality or model accuracy. 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It’s a good idea to not try to tune everything at once, which can muddle your results. Instead, it can be better to prioritize by learning rate, batch size, and epochs first, then work your way down.",[2002,2004,2006],{"_30":1977,"_16":42,"_391":2003},"https://wandb.ai/site/",{"_30":1986,"_16":42,"_391":2005},"https://optuna.org/",{"_30":1995,"_16":42,"_391":2007},"https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/tune/index.html",{"_30":2009,"_16":270,"_271":2010,"_279":2015,"_281":282},"f389ac8f5cea",[2011],{"_30":2012,"_16":275,"_276":2013,"_146":2014},"d4b87daac937",[],"It’s also helpful to evaluate your model using metrics like perplexity, BLEU score, or custom task-based metrics. It’s also a good idea to use a validation dataset to avoid overfitting:",[],{"_30":2017,"_16":270,"_271":2018,"_279":2022,"_281":282},"0763d6965500",[2019],{"_30":2020,"_16":275,"_276":2021,"_146":450},"1d263e8f784d",[],[],{"_30":2024,"_16":270,"_271":2025,"_279":2029,"_281":282},"6fd651c4eedf",[2026],{"_30":2027,"_16":275,"_276":2028,"_146":1068},"1843b399e242",[616,439],[],{"_30":2031,"_16":270,"_271":2032,"_279":2037,"_281":282},"aefb24996daa",[2033],{"_30":2034,"_16":275,"_276":2035,"_146":2036},"962ff56cf38f",[439,616],"# Example of evaluating perplexity",[],{"_30":2039,"_16":270,"_271":2040,"_279":2044,"_281":282},"18f4b1e815e6",[2041],{"_30":2042,"_16":275,"_276":2043,"_146":1355},"218e28f0d136",[439,616],[],{"_30":2046,"_16":270,"_271":2047,"_279":2052,"_281":282},"bd8c86184b5e",[2048],{"_30":2049,"_16":275,"_276":2050,"_146":2051},"ca571658f114",[439,616],"import math",[],{"_30":2054,"_16":270,"_271":2055,"_279":2059,"_281":282},"3b926cb8a1e7",[2056],{"_30":2057,"_16":275,"_276":2058,"_146":450},"adb9bd6c811d",[439,616],[],{"_30":2061,"_16":270,"_271":2062,"_279":2067,"_281":282},"585346723dd6",[2063],{"_30":2064,"_16":275,"_276":2065,"_146":2066},"ea484efe11a9",[439,616],"loss = trainer.evaluate()[\"eval_loss\"]",[],{"_30":2069,"_16":270,"_271":2070,"_279":2075,"_281":282},"3b32039df124",[2071],{"_30":2072,"_16":275,"_276":2073,"_146":2074},"39a88b4f515e",[439,616],"perplexity = math.exp(loss)",[],{"_30":2077,"_16":270,"_271":2078,"_279":2082,"_281":282},"912a266897af",[2079],{"_30":2080,"_16":275,"_276":2081,"_146":450},"8d3ee1acf062",[439,616],[],{"_30":2084,"_16":270,"_271":2085,"_279":2090,"_281":354},"0b5bc24b5cd8",[2086],{"_30":2087,"_16":275,"_276":2088,"_146":2089},"64ddc42c1151",[],"Final Thoughts",[],{"_30":2092,"_16":270,"_271":2093,"_279":2098,"_281":282},"4abed40b0b9e",[2094],{"_30":2095,"_16":275,"_276":2096,"_146":2097},"c0790557994b",[],"Training an LLM on your own data is no longer the exclusive domain of large research teams. With open-source tools, pre-trained models, and cloud-based compute, individual developers and small teams can create powerful, domain-specific LLMs.",[],{"_30":2100,"_16":270,"_271":2101,"_279":2106,"_281":282},"175af515bc15",[2102],{"_30":2103,"_16":275,"_276":2104,"_146":2105},"1a5618536edd",[],"If you’re exploring how to use LLMs to enhance your product or automate domain-specific tasks, this process can be your foundation.",[],16,"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/50q6fr1p/production/8e8929c5f8dd5dc2ce680a42da0d34ae82eb1429-1200x630.png","9470de57-6303-4af4-b60d-1d1db51c2f96","2025-09-04T05:25:00.000Z","train-LLM-on-own-data","How to Train an LLM on Your Own Data: Beginner’s Guide","blogArticle",{"_289":2115,"_299":2709,"_122":2710,"_302":2711,"_304":2712,"_306":2713,"_25":2714,"_309":2113},[2116,2146,2172,2180,2249,2252,2260,2271,2281,2292,2303,2314,2317,2336,2344,2352,2360,2368,2376,2400,2416,2424,2432,2440,2456,2472,2480,2488,2496,2504,2512,2520,2528,2536,2544,2568,2598,2606,2622,2630,2638,2653,2677,2685,2693,2701],{"_30":2117,"_16":270,"_271":2118,"_279":2141,"_281":282},"43659b6391dd",[2119,2123,2128,2132,2137],{"_30":2120,"_16":275,"_276":2121,"_146":2122},"927b289006d6",[],"There’s a great deal of interest in whether AI can (or can’t) provide value by increasing the productivity of engineering teams. This interview with developer productivity expert ",{"_30":2124,"_16":275,"_276":2125,"_146":2127},"4cf5db46e155",[2126],"95e1fbdbf193","Laura Tacho",{"_30":2129,"_16":275,"_276":2130,"_146":2131},"40df936ad7f6",[],", CTO at ",{"_30":2133,"_16":275,"_276":2134,"_146":2136},"b802c9019cfb",[2135],"8ff8cc5bc838","DX",{"_30":2138,"_16":275,"_276":2139,"_146":2140},"846d79533c84",[]," and 10+ year veteran of software development, covers opportunities for engineering orgs to take advantage of AI tooling and actionable suggestions for AI startup founders to build stickier, more-successful products for engineering end-customers.",[2142,2144],{"_30":2126,"_16":42,"_391":2143},"https://www.linkedin.com/in/lauratacho/",{"_30":2135,"_16":42,"_391":2145},"https://getdx.com",{"_30":2147,"_16":110,"_418":2148,"_111":2149,"_422":2151,"_424":2152,"_425":2153},"05a2a798afb4","Heavybit: Laura Tacho on Developer Productivity",{"_113":2150,"_16":115},"image-6f4a116db24ba9b19bc0e228af8dbec9c5ced77e-1600x686-png","LeadDev","Laura Tacho on Developer Productivity",[2154],{"_30":2155,"_16":270,"_271":2156,"_279":2169,"_281":282},"4768f3449404",[2157,2161,2165],{"_30":2158,"_16":275,"_276":2159,"_146":2160},"62d291476462",[439],"DX CTO Laura Tacho discusses developer productivity at ",{"_30":2162,"_16":275,"_276":2163,"_146":2151},"436029a6c9e5",[2164,439,438,616],"23125357c064",{"_30":2166,"_16":275,"_276":2167,"_146":2168},"7435e2a5b07e",[439],". Image courtesy LeadDev.",[2170],{"_30":2164,"_16":42,"_391":2171},"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2BZi9xpYUU",{"_30":2173,"_16":270,"_271":2174,"_279":2179,"_281":354},"211070079858",[2175],{"_30":2176,"_16":275,"_276":2177,"_146":2178},"31766a44c486",[],"How Are Engineering Teams Using AI?",[],{"_30":2181,"_16":270,"_271":2182,"_279":2236,"_281":282},"cae011a3a85c",[2183,2188,2192,2197,2201,2206,2210,2215,2218,2223,2227,2232],{"_30":2184,"_16":275,"_276":2185,"_146":2187},"279382289e8e",[2186],"3d8d095daee5","78%",{"_30":2189,"_16":275,"_276":2190,"_146":2191},"fe46d0de453d",[]," of surveyed companies use AI, though only ",{"_30":2193,"_16":275,"_276":2194,"_146":2196},"c368492e4095",[2195],"33cc7615edd1","3%",{"_30":2198,"_16":275,"_276":2199,"_146":2200},"428a143cc876",[]," of engineering leaders report achieving “very high” productivity gains. The most widely-reported use case for AI is code assistants, including high-profile products like ",{"_30":2202,"_16":275,"_276":2203,"_146":2205},"9f40c590a76e",[2204],"5864e3a8ad63","GitHub Copilot",{"_30":2207,"_16":275,"_276":2208,"_146":2209},"7eeec9ce4df5",[],", ",{"_30":2211,"_16":275,"_276":2212,"_146":2214},"a6d44e3c7077",[2213],"9e4782f74bfe","Claude Code",{"_30":2216,"_16":275,"_276":2217,"_146":2209},"e60b3bfde376",[],{"_30":2219,"_16":275,"_276":2220,"_146":2222},"db5cdf3e9e06",[2221],"05c6998d6e09","Cursor",{"_30":2224,"_16":275,"_276":2225,"_146":2226},"4f08f86ca1a3",[],", and ",{"_30":2228,"_16":275,"_276":2229,"_146":2231},"76270a624ed7",[2230],"be8ef595a7fd","Continue",{"_30":2233,"_16":275,"_276":2234,"_146":2235},"5e8f3dbd7e7d",[],", but there are still adoption challenges that might not have anything to do with productivity.",[2237,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247],{"_30":2186,"_16":42,"_391":2238},"https://hai.stanford.edu/ai-index/2025-ai-index-report",{"_30":2195,"_16":42,"_391":2240},"https://www.itpro.com/business/business-strategy/engineering-firms-see-little-productivity-benefit-from-use-of-ai",{"_30":2204,"_16":42,"_391":2242},"https://github.com/features/copilot",{"_30":2213,"_16":42,"_391":2244},"https://www.anthropic.com/claude-code",{"_30":2221,"_16":42,"_391":2246},"https://cursor.com/",{"_30":2230,"_16":42,"_391":2248},"https://www.continue.dev/",{"_30":2250,"_16":122,"_111":2251},"c9f62ac9e519",{"_113":504,"_16":115},{"_30":2253,"_16":270,"_271":2254,"_279":2259,"_281":513},"549ece4c149a",[2255],{"_30":2256,"_16":275,"_276":2257,"_146":2258},"c663a0619ca0",[],"More Resources on Dev Productivity & AI Adoption",[],{"_30":2261,"_16":270,"_271":2262,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2268,"_281":282},"1d712341d1d8",[2263],{"_30":2264,"_16":275,"_276":2265,"_146":2267},"c3d5945a6357",[2266],"f7c6aea34970","Article: Productivity and Mental Health Resources for Remote Teams",[2269],{"_30":2266,"_16":42,"_391":2270},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/productivity-and-mental-health-resources-for-remote-teams",{"_30":2272,"_16":270,"_271":2273,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2279,"_281":282},"26ad1de48ddf",[2274],{"_30":2275,"_16":275,"_276":2276,"_146":2278},"56d6a101d23b",[2277],"08f01e88b385","Article: Enterprise AI Infrastructure: Compliance, Risks, Adoption",[2280],{"_30":2277,"_16":42,"_391":392},{"_30":2282,"_16":270,"_271":2283,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2289,"_281":282},"3361aa1844ed",[2284],{"_30":2285,"_16":275,"_276":2286,"_146":2288},"ea3c8829cb3c",[2287],"b8a655acb6c0","Article: How AI Is Reshaping Enterprise Infrastructure",[2290],{"_30":2287,"_16":42,"_391":2291},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-ai-is-reshaping-enterprise-infrastructure",{"_30":2293,"_16":270,"_271":2294,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2300,"_281":282},"035d81f9dbda",[2295],{"_30":2296,"_16":275,"_276":2297,"_146":2299},"00b4f4a9f4c8",[2298],"e4a185d7155f","Article: The Future of AI Code Generation",[2301],{"_30":2298,"_16":42,"_391":2302},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/future-of-ai-code-generation",{"_30":2304,"_16":270,"_271":2305,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2311,"_281":282},"1c9676f6c904",[2306],{"_30":2307,"_16":275,"_276":2308,"_146":2310},"4c377764a00f",[2309],"d68bb634ab4a","Article: What to Know About Pricing Developer Tools",[2312],{"_30":2309,"_16":42,"_391":2313},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/pricing-developer-tools",{"_30":2315,"_16":122,"_111":2316},"47727a0a412b",{"_113":504,"_16":115},{"_30":2318,"_16":270,"_271":2319,"_279":2333,"_281":282},"579f45ebc6b4",[2320,2324,2329],{"_30":2321,"_16":275,"_276":2322,"_146":2323},"53b723db8b75",[],"While coding may seem to make sense for AI use cases because of how familiar it is to devs, it may not be the best opportunity. Says Tacho, “We have to look across the whole software development lifecycle to see productivity gains. We did a study of 180+ companies, and we found that for developers using AI, the number one time-saving use case was ",{"_30":2325,"_16":275,"_276":2326,"_146":2328},"079f140309be",[2327],"57e204ada84b","stack trace",{"_30":2330,"_16":275,"_276":2331,"_146":2332},"7bb573c02a82",[]," analysis, not code generation.”",[2334],{"_30":2327,"_16":42,"_391":2335},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_trace",{"_30":2337,"_16":270,"_271":2338,"_279":2343,"_281":354},"3046b26f6937",[2339],{"_30":2340,"_16":275,"_276":2341,"_146":2342},"c473f9c9622d",[],"Why Don’t Engineers Adopt AI?",[],{"_30":2345,"_16":270,"_271":2346,"_279":2351,"_281":282},"9769fdf968f2",[2347],{"_30":2348,"_16":275,"_276":2349,"_146":2350},"895c44f07acf",[],"The CTO suggests that while the difference between inflated expectations and the disappointing reality of cleaning up after messy, nondeterministic AI is an adoption barrier, there are practical obstacles as well. “I would say training and enablement are probably the largest barrier.”",[],{"_30":2353,"_16":270,"_271":2354,"_279":2359,"_281":282},"48dea0e75c3f",[2355],{"_30":2356,"_16":275,"_276":2357,"_146":2358},"bfe00b45ed97",[],"“It’s not intuitively obvious, even for teams with lots of enthusiasm and optimism, where the highest-value use cases are hiding for a particular organization. Some patterns need to be taught and coached, just like with any other tool. Companies that skip that step (and try to rely on the optimism and enthusiasm of an individual developer) may see some initial success, but then they're going to see that success taper off.”",[],{"_30":2361,"_16":270,"_271":2362,"_279":2367,"_281":354},"469487ec8b53",[2363],{"_30":2364,"_16":275,"_276":2365,"_146":2366},"a16b4178d3be",[],"What’s Really Missing: Targeted Goals & Outcomes",[],{"_30":2369,"_16":270,"_271":2370,"_279":2375,"_281":282},"dccd3220193f",[2371],{"_30":2372,"_16":275,"_276":2373,"_146":2374},"c580b1ba4ef8",[],"So yes, individual devs may not use the company Copilot account more frequently because they haven’t been drilled on prompting best practices. However, entire engineering organizations may not be getting as much as they could from AI tools because there’s a lack of strategy.",[],{"_30":2377,"_16":270,"_271":2378,"_279":2399,"_281":282},"ce1c6cc5fc06",[2379,2383,2387,2391,2395],{"_30":2380,"_16":275,"_276":2381,"_146":2382},"6adc5ab9486d",[],"“I think where the rubber isn't meeting the road is figuring out: What are the business problems in the company that have the most to gain from AI usage?” The CTO clarifies: “There ",{"_30":2384,"_16":275,"_276":2385,"_146":2386},"c5ba9c4f68ef",[439],"should",{"_30":2388,"_16":275,"_276":2389,"_146":2390},"f07293fa6cb1",[]," be room for experimentation. There should be time to try something new and figure out: OK, what can we do with this tool? But when it's only ",{"_30":2392,"_16":275,"_276":2393,"_146":2394},"5f9df2d9d4c6",[439],"that",{"_30":2396,"_16":275,"_276":2397,"_146":2398},"e379adfcef8b",[],", and we don't have targeted goals and outcomes, then things can go off the rails.”",[],{"_30":2401,"_16":270,"_271":2402,"_279":2415,"_281":282},"2806b926c74f",[2403,2407,2411],{"_30":2404,"_16":275,"_276":2405,"_146":2406},"20ca35d47b12",[],"“The companies where I see the most adoption and the most durable benefit from AI are ones that came to AI ",{"_30":2408,"_16":275,"_276":2409,"_146":2410},"616c0fc5205d",[439],"with a specific problem",{"_30":2412,"_16":275,"_276":2413,"_146":2414},"388b7f348ed9",[],". For example: Companies that needed to modernize legacy infrastructure, and hypothesized that AI would help them modernize legacy components much faster than they could have previously.”",[],{"_30":2417,"_16":270,"_271":2418,"_279":2423,"_281":282},"5b354084e16b",[2419],{"_30":2420,"_16":275,"_276":2421,"_146":2422},"12e82b130519",[],"“Organizations that want to see organizational benefit need to think about this on an organizational level, not just rely on individuals figuring out what to do.”",[],{"_30":2425,"_16":270,"_271":2426,"_279":2431,"_281":354},"67040ffdada8",[2427],{"_30":2428,"_16":275,"_276":2429,"_146":2430},"3192c3835391",[],"How Can Startups Make the Most of AI?",[],{"_30":2433,"_16":270,"_271":2434,"_279":2439,"_281":282},"c31c1f6f739b",[2435],{"_30":2436,"_16":275,"_276":2437,"_146":2438},"e85f2ae6eb02",[],"Tacho concedes that different organizations with different resources (and different amounts of runway) will need to take different approaches. “I think you need to look at it as a spectrum of targeted experiments vs. targeted use cases. That proportion needs to be adjusted based on your company’s size and stage.”",[],{"_30":2441,"_16":270,"_271":2442,"_279":2455,"_281":282},"13620c1b08a7",[2443,2447,2451],{"_30":2444,"_16":275,"_276":2445,"_146":2446},"685874eb3c2b",[],"“For startups, those ",{"_30":2448,"_16":275,"_276":2449,"_146":2450},"4c1536f1ca42",[439],"are",{"_30":2452,"_16":275,"_276":2453,"_146":2454},"d0220dd97143",[]," the environments where the individual can have a huge impact. So it would make sense for people to be experimenting, to be rapidly figuring out where they can exploit the capabilities of AI for your business. But you should document that as you go and make sure it's not just one individual deciding to do one-off things. Build a playbook of use cases that aren’t ephemeral.”",[],{"_30":2457,"_16":270,"_271":2458,"_279":2470,"_281":2471},"c228156c21bf",[2459,2463,2466],{"_30":2460,"_16":275,"_276":2461,"_146":2462},"9d6d3ffd9258",[],"The companies where I see the most adoption and the most durable benefit from AI are ones that came to AI ",{"_30":2464,"_16":275,"_276":2465,"_146":2410},"21b77ac6de87",[439],{"_30":2467,"_16":275,"_276":2468,"_146":2469},"a0dd1112265f",[],".\" -Laura Tacho / CTO, DX",[],"blockquote",{"_30":2473,"_16":270,"_271":2474,"_279":2479,"_281":282},"9cbbe1b594fb",[2475],{"_30":2476,"_16":275,"_276":2477,"_146":2478},"dfbb3abbb75b",[],"“Depending on the market pressures on your business, that's going to dictate how you think about a rollout. Obviously, for startups that rely heavily on individual rigor and urgency in order to get work done, the AI strategy is going to fit better with focus on individuals or small teams. Larger organizations that are dealing with decades’ worth of legacy software need to take a different approach.”",[],{"_30":2481,"_16":270,"_271":2482,"_279":2487,"_281":354},"b6fd364a6a61",[2483],{"_30":2484,"_16":275,"_276":2485,"_146":2486},"6383886779c0",[],"How Should Engineering Teams Adopt AI?",[],{"_30":2489,"_16":270,"_271":2490,"_279":2495,"_281":282},"14628ec7a3ab",[2491],{"_30":2492,"_16":275,"_276":2493,"_146":2494},"0644eb3d81e9",[],"The CTO empathizes with AI startup founders, who face mounting pressure from a market that moves incredibly fast. “I feel like AI tooling is being commoditized at a rate I have never seen before. A few months ago, when people evaluated tools, they were looking at which model they could use. It was a differentiating feature. And now you can use whichever model you want. Sometimes it feels like things change hourly.”",[],{"_30":2497,"_16":270,"_271":2498,"_279":2503,"_281":282},"8ef01b409a4f",[2499],{"_30":2500,"_16":275,"_276":2501,"_146":2502},"d51e49bfa956",[],"However, the CTO notes the increasingly competitive nature of some AI product lines is at odds with the organizational benefit of keeping a unified stack, despite individual developers continuing to crave autonomy. “This is a tough one. The reality is that engineering leads feel that business pressure for vendor consolidation. No company wants to be forking over more money for an arbitrary number of vendors that all more or less solve the same problems.”",[],{"_30":2505,"_16":270,"_271":2506,"_279":2511,"_281":282},"f7b36798e60a",[2507],{"_30":2508,"_16":275,"_276":2509,"_146":2510},"66f553aae4c5",[],"Tacho suggests that a viable alternative for startups is to offer developer stipends to allow them freedom of choice. “It’s definitely a reasonable alternative, especially in a startup environment that may be a bit more open with regards to governance, risk, and security. It’ll also depend on whether you work in consumer vs. another industry.”",[],{"_30":2513,"_16":270,"_271":2514,"_279":2519,"_281":282},"5b7ef7b4a362",[2515],{"_30":2516,"_16":275,"_276":2517,"_146":2518},"3aa561d546e0",[],"The CTO notes that other companies do attempt to consolidate around single vendors, using targeted proof-of-concept campaigns and running bake-off comparisons between competing vendors when needed. “Some companies decide that since the market's so volatile that they’re going to trial something for six months and then figure out if things stabilize.”",[],{"_30":2521,"_16":270,"_271":2522,"_279":2527,"_281":282},"0b4d6c188f7f",[2523],{"_30":2524,"_16":275,"_276":2525,"_146":2526},"27a8a1a77ff3",[],"“I think no matter what approach an organization takes, there are going to be shadow AI tools out there because these are tools that right now are not prohibitively expensive for developers to pay for by themselves, and that is the reality, and it happens everywhere.",[],{"_30":2529,"_16":270,"_271":2530,"_279":2535,"_281":354},"e0a9a743391f",[2531],{"_30":2532,"_16":275,"_276":2533,"_146":2534},"9db58c07f28f",[],"How Can AI Startups Target Developers as Customers?",[],{"_30":2537,"_16":270,"_271":2538,"_279":2543,"_281":282},"4a634dd45258",[2539],{"_30":2540,"_16":275,"_276":2541,"_146":2542},"331f1c91166e",[],"The CTO notes that while certain market factors appear to be changing, the top drivers for purchasing AI tools, or any tools, remain the same. “I just spoke to a bunch of other CTOs, and while cost was not as much of a factor in purchasing decisions last year, it definitely is this year.”",[],{"_30":2545,"_16":270,"_271":2546,"_279":2567,"_281":282},"aa2b664ed034",[2547,2551,2555,2559,2563],{"_30":2548,"_16":275,"_276":2549,"_146":2550},"09c47ebcee3c",[],"“But ",{"_30":2552,"_16":275,"_276":2553,"_146":2554},"f774fb057e93",[439],"accuracy",{"_30":2556,"_16":275,"_276":2557,"_146":2558},"3bcaf1a11cff",[]," and ",{"_30":2560,"_16":275,"_276":2561,"_146":2562},"e45a0323c78c",[439],"security",{"_30":2564,"_16":275,"_276":2565,"_146":2566},"9112abe3800d",[]," are still top drivers for purchasing decisions. I think there's some table-stakes aspects for any AI tool that engineering teams have come to expect. Beyond the table stakes, the more that tools can illustrate better ROI and costs, the better.” Tools that can make usage metrics and data readily available will play nicer with developer productivity tooling to paint a clearer picture of ROI.",[],{"_30":2569,"_16":270,"_271":2570,"_279":2597,"_281":282},"9aff8549c806",[2571,2575,2579,2582,2586,2589,2593],{"_30":2572,"_16":275,"_276":2573,"_146":2574},"f789e6fe71d6",[],"“For a long time, the primary metrics we had were ",{"_30":2576,"_16":275,"_276":2577,"_146":2578},"019ea183d6b0",[439],"acceptance rate",{"_30":2580,"_16":275,"_276":2581,"_146":2209},"59845b7e0654",[],{"_30":2583,"_16":275,"_276":2584,"_146":2585},"79541bcec86f",[439],"number of licenses",{"_30":2587,"_16":275,"_276":2588,"_146":2226},"8d36458ffd19",[],{"_30":2590,"_16":275,"_276":2591,"_146":2592},"0fd4f5313dd7",[439],"how much was being paid for them",{"_30":2594,"_16":275,"_276":2595,"_146":2596},"aad05ba988f9",[],". But there wasn’t much transparency when it came to how tools were actually being used. So focusing on a really robust admin API is a great way to ensure that you can build a defensible ROI case and get people to keep their wallets open.”",[],{"_30":2599,"_16":270,"_271":2600,"_279":2605,"_281":354},"5bb4ab577ce6",[2601],{"_30":2602,"_16":275,"_276":2603,"_146":2604},"477de88b4589",[],"Opportunities for AI Products Targeting Engineering Teams",[],{"_30":2607,"_16":270,"_271":2608,"_279":2621,"_281":282},"93865a87df07",[2609,2613,2617],{"_30":2610,"_16":275,"_276":2611,"_146":2612},"1273a0a32665",[],"“As mentioned, areas like general-purpose code authoring tools may be reaching a level of saturation. But beyond code generation, there are opportunities to target other use cases across the software development lifecycle: Requirements authoring, code review, or changelogs. For AI products targeting engineering teams, the most valuable use cases are the ones that are ",{"_30":2614,"_16":275,"_276":2615,"_146":2616},"c2bd9ce32bc2",[439],"under-solved",{"_30":2618,"_16":275,"_276":2619,"_146":2620},"a4a864a900e9",[]," right now.”",[],{"_30":2623,"_16":270,"_271":2624,"_279":2629,"_281":282},"6e64cdf2d46f",[2625],{"_30":2626,"_16":275,"_276":2627,"_146":2628},"91ee8f9c0a9f",[],"Of course, many teams are still concerned about the non-deterministic nature of GenAI and the havoc that a hallucinating LLM might have on their codebase. However, the CTO notes that organizations that have built-in organizational resiliency tend to be the ones that make the most of AI.",[],{"_30":2631,"_16":270,"_271":2632,"_279":2637,"_281":282},"bba9cbbaf459",[2633],{"_30":2634,"_16":275,"_276":2635,"_146":2636},"5cd8ab410955",[],"“When you introduce AI, in all its non-deterministic glory [to resilient orgs], they're not falling over. They're not bottlenecked. Whereas companies who don't [have organizational resilience] and think that AI will be a magic solution to all the problems they've been avoiding? Those companies are getting a reality check. The fundamentals don't go away just because you have AI.”",[],{"_30":2639,"_16":270,"_271":2640,"_279":2652,"_281":2471},"36375c00e3d1",[2641,2645,2648],{"_30":2642,"_16":275,"_276":2643,"_146":2644},"3df04aba26d5",[],"Beyond code generation, there are opportunities to target other use cases across the software development lifecycle. For AI products targeting engineering teams, the most valuable use cases are the ones that are ",{"_30":2646,"_16":275,"_276":2647,"_146":2616},"ba209d80d01d",[439],{"_30":2649,"_16":275,"_276":2650,"_146":2651},"3f23dea25456",[]," right now.\"",[],{"_30":2654,"_16":270,"_271":2655,"_279":2676,"_281":282},"1569292b9daf",[2656,2660,2664,2668,2672],{"_30":2657,"_16":275,"_276":2658,"_146":2659},"2875d555a615",[],"“I think developer experience is not an outcome of using AI tools really well. It's a ",{"_30":2661,"_16":275,"_276":2662,"_146":2663},"2df82cb79eb4",[439],"prerequisite",{"_30":2665,"_16":275,"_276":2666,"_146":2667},"5eb089fcacc6",[]," to use them well. What's good for an individual human developer is also good for an agent. There's extra stuff that you might want to do for agents, but the physics of what makes software or codebases easy to contribute to, easy to change...that's important for AI agents ",{"_30":2669,"_16":275,"_276":2670,"_146":2671},"eaf4db67aa68",[439],"and",{"_30":2673,"_16":275,"_276":2674,"_146":2675},"661fd03f5d8c",[]," for humans.",[],{"_30":2678,"_16":270,"_271":2679,"_279":2684,"_281":282},"96d624d478ea",[2680],{"_30":2681,"_16":275,"_276":2682,"_146":2683},"98e49bf3fdb0",[],"“AI is an amplifier. If you have parts of your system that are a bit garbage, they're going to be amplified garbage now. And if you have really solid engineering practices that have stayed ahead of the industry curve, then that's going to be amplified and you're going to get even better results.”",[],{"_30":2686,"_16":270,"_271":2687,"_279":2692,"_281":282},"0b66778a3150",[2688],{"_30":2689,"_16":275,"_276":2690,"_146":2691},"22dcc00060db",[],"For AI startup founders specifically targeting engineering orgs, the slickest user interfaces and best new user experiences will only go so far. If those engineering orgs that AI themselves are struggling to maintain stable, resilient systems, they may struggle to succeed with any AI product.",[],{"_30":2694,"_16":270,"_271":2695,"_279":2700,"_281":282},"b5599fcb63e6",[2696],{"_30":2697,"_16":275,"_276":2698,"_146":2699},"8791ada4d0c1",[],"“To those AI product builders who are concerned about whether their product will be sticky with customers, I might say: Maybe think about building tools that fix your customers’ rickety systems. Probably a less exciting problem to solve, but people have their wallets open for it right now.”",[],{"_30":2702,"_16":270,"_271":2703,"_279":2708,"_281":282},"7b92f345cc9a",[2704],{"_30":2705,"_16":275,"_276":2706,"_146":2707},"4ab8a0ba2d26",[],"\n",[],12,"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/50q6fr1p/production/64845befec4c1deaffc6207521e99246fb71edef-1200x630.png","831ab261-12d5-4714-89b7-6b565a0b8e28","2025-09-04T05:24:00.000Z","ai-productivity-for-engineering-teams","How to Drive AI Productivity and Value for Engineering Teams",{"_289":2716,"_299":3410,"_122":3411,"_302":3412,"_304":3413,"_306":3414,"_25":3415,"_309":2113},[2717,2747,2750,2758,2769,2780,2791,2802,2805,2813,2831,2839,2843,2860,2868,2876,2903,2922,2945,2953,2969,2977,3001,3009,3025,3054,3085,3093,3125,3149,3157,3165,3173,3181,3189,3197,3205,3221,3247,3255,3263,3271,3279,3287,3306,3322,3330,3346,3350,3368,3376,3394],{"_30":2718,"_16":270,"_271":2719,"_279":2742,"_281":282},"4a3ccc6e0b02",[2720,2724,2729,2733,2738],{"_30":2721,"_16":275,"_276":2722,"_146":2723},"50af355933eb",[],"As AI becomes more of a reality in software development, teams are experimenting with a variety of use cases, including documentation and technical writing. In this article, veteran technical writer (and co-author of ",{"_30":2725,"_16":275,"_276":2726,"_146":2728},"2a561750dd51",[2727,439],"1f6b823e0e55","Docs for Developers: An Engineer’s Field Guide to Technical Writing",{"_30":2730,"_16":275,"_276":2731,"_146":2732},"fa5267ed1611",[],") ",{"_30":2734,"_16":275,"_276":2735,"_146":2737},"3ce6f0076da4",[2736],"d75e2d3d5574","Heidi Waterhouse",{"_30":2739,"_16":275,"_276":2740,"_146":2741},"b898656ddc5a",[]," discusses some of the biggest mistakes teams make using AI for docs, as well as the best opportunities to use AI productively to support user journeys.",[2743,2745],{"_30":2727,"_16":42,"_391":2744},"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/docs-for-developers/9781484272176/",{"_30":2736,"_16":42,"_391":2746},"https://www.linkedin.com/in/heidiwaterhouse/",{"_30":2748,"_16":122,"_111":2749},"477cb546ed1b",{"_113":504,"_16":115},{"_30":2751,"_16":270,"_271":2752,"_279":2757,"_281":282},"01d336e93aa4",[2753],{"_30":2754,"_16":275,"_276":2755,"_146":2756},"da16f6fc20c9",[439],"More Articles on How Documentation and Software Dev Are Evolving:",[],{"_30":2759,"_16":270,"_271":2760,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2766,"_281":282},"d88cc0b8b563",[2761],{"_30":2762,"_16":275,"_276":2763,"_146":2765},"49f9e16ceba8",[2764],"a8aafb07e661","Article: Who Owns the Documentation and Why It Should Be the Robots",[2767],{"_30":2764,"_16":42,"_391":2768},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/who-owns-the-documentation-and-why-it-should-be-the-robots",{"_30":2770,"_16":270,"_271":2771,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2777,"_281":282},"7c905d126058",[2772],{"_30":2773,"_16":275,"_276":2774,"_146":2776},"d160fc2af3ad",[2775],"5f3984a9440a","Podcast: Documentation Deep Dive with Megan Sullivan of Gatsby",[2778],{"_30":2775,"_16":42,"_391":2779},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/podcasts/jamstack-radio/ep-72-documentation-deep-dive-with-megan-sullivan-of-gatsby",{"_30":2781,"_16":270,"_271":2782,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2788,"_281":282},"0445a011f1ea",[2783],{"_30":2784,"_16":275,"_276":2785,"_146":2787},"6cd54a27c3f0",[2786],"18bdfcac1850","Video: Building Great API Docs",[2789],{"_30":2786,"_16":42,"_391":2790},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/video/building-great-api-docs",{"_30":2792,"_16":270,"_271":2793,"_522":523,"_524":525,"_279":2799,"_281":282},"1f28c510ae73",[2794],{"_30":2795,"_16":275,"_276":2796,"_146":2798},"3d69fe2f2d3c",[2797],"d1a13de0db2c","Video: How Great Documentation Drives Developer Adoption",[2800],{"_30":2797,"_16":42,"_391":2801},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/video/how-great-documentation-drives-developer-adoption",{"_30":2803,"_16":122,"_111":2804},"e60010441415",{"_113":504,"_16":115},{"_30":2806,"_16":270,"_271":2807,"_279":2812,"_281":354},"7f164fc1bfaf",[2808],{"_30":2809,"_16":275,"_276":2810,"_146":2811},"650778ce26f1",[],"AI as an Assistant, not a Solution",[],{"_30":2814,"_16":270,"_271":2815,"_279":2828,"_281":282},"843e9d33c4ec",[2816,2820,2824],{"_30":2817,"_16":275,"_276":2818,"_146":2819},"afdf910f0891",[],"Waterhouse elaborates on her recent session from the ",{"_30":2821,"_16":275,"_276":2822,"_146":2151},"8cc715084bec",[2823],"5148e717c058",{"_30":2825,"_16":275,"_276":2826,"_146":2827},"2fbedd1eef1f",[]," conference, at which she spoke on a similar topic. “The focus of my talk was discussing things we know AI can do well, and how to make that fit with our understanding of what people need from documentation.”",[2829],{"_30":2823,"_16":42,"_391":2830},"https://leaddev.com/technical-direction/documentation-and-ai-how-to-write-right-now",{"_30":2832,"_16":270,"_271":2833,"_279":2838,"_281":282},"e892cd8ba5ca",[2834],{"_30":2835,"_16":275,"_276":2836,"_146":2837},"be321766a4cb",[],"The author suggests that the key to getting value out of large language models (LLMs) today is thinking about AI “as an assistant, and not a solution. Because thinking about it as a solution is what leads us down some unfortunate paths that are really hard to dig ourselves out of.”",[],{"_30":2840,"_16":122,"_111":2841},"ec283b1972ae",{"_113":2842,"_16":115},"image-c05b350e923e3a160a092e5d09583b1ae2fc4a29-1200x675-jpg",{"_30":2844,"_16":270,"_271":2845,"_279":2858,"_281":282},"311937c0e261",[2846,2850,2854],{"_30":2847,"_16":275,"_276":2848,"_146":2849},"03f24312b420",[439],"Heidi Waterhouse discusses AI in documentation at LeadDev. Image courtesy ",{"_30":2851,"_16":275,"_276":2852,"_146":2151},"26f5c63ef375",[2853,439],"5dd2636cd8e7",{"_30":2855,"_16":275,"_276":2856,"_146":2857},"71411bc4fe97",[439],".",[2859],{"_30":2853,"_16":42,"_391":2830},{"_30":2861,"_16":270,"_271":2862,"_279":2867,"_281":354},"8eaadeefbd22",[2863],{"_30":2864,"_16":275,"_276":2865,"_146":2866},"0643f9a25ded",[],"Are LLMs the Best Tool for Software Docs and Technical Writing?",[],{"_30":2869,"_16":270,"_271":2870,"_279":2875,"_281":513},"387e0f972cd4",[2871],{"_30":2872,"_16":275,"_276":2873,"_146":2874},"fe6ce8cb3294",[],"Freshness: Using RAG to Ensure Docs Stay Up-to-Date Instead",[],{"_30":2877,"_16":270,"_271":2878,"_279":2900,"_281":282},"a057742a9e19",[2879,2883,2888,2892,2896],{"_30":2880,"_16":275,"_276":2881,"_146":2882},"c95dc890564f",[],"Aside from hiring a good writer a year or so before launching a product to document it properly, Waterhouse suggests that product teams identify what can and can’t be easily documented, such as standardized ",{"_30":2884,"_16":275,"_276":2885,"_146":2887},"4f85c0f18a06",[2886],"51d366865ec1","OpenAPI",{"_30":2889,"_16":275,"_276":2890,"_146":2891},"752ba0071a4d",[]," documentation. “There's not a lot of distinction between writing a good test case and writing a good prompt. The things you do to test are the things that you need to document: ",{"_30":2893,"_16":275,"_276":2894,"_146":2895},"bcb099607988",[439],"How do I do this thing?",{"_30":2897,"_16":275,"_276":2898,"_146":2899},"1e3f1caf20a5",[]," And so we go into test cases and extract user stories from those, because we know that those work.”",[2901],{"_30":2886,"_16":42,"_391":2902},"https://www.openapis.org/what-is-openapi",{"_30":2904,"_16":270,"_271":2905,"_279":2919,"_281":282},"632bf8098288",[2906,2910,2915],{"_30":2907,"_16":275,"_276":2908,"_146":2909},"33016087df4c",[],"The author points out that alternatives like ",{"_30":2911,"_16":275,"_276":2912,"_146":2914},"8c7f680b902a",[2913],"e4c22daf3f46","retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)",{"_30":2916,"_16":275,"_276":2917,"_146":2918},"159dd2beb7ae",[]," may be better suited to maintain docs freshness than using a LLM as a catch-all solution, even if it was trained on a large dataset. “Although we get better answers from very large [data] corpuses, I think it is dangerous because for nearly every LLM out there...their training corpus is at least a year old, and we don’t know exactly what it contains.”",[2920],{"_30":2913,"_16":42,"_391":2921},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrieval-augmented_generation",{"_30":2923,"_16":270,"_271":2924,"_279":2944,"_281":282},"2b4ab2c43456",[2925,2929,2933,2937,2940],{"_30":2926,"_16":275,"_276":2927,"_146":2928},"f8712eb98b17",[],"“So if you have made software [changes] in that time, the LLM doesn't know about it and it's not retrieving fresh data. So I think you should have a small, specific, internal [focus to] look at all ",{"_30":2930,"_16":275,"_276":2931,"_146":2932},"eda2ea7b5fab",[439],"this",{"_30":2934,"_16":275,"_276":2935,"_146":2936},"e2f25d68ceae",[]," stuff and use ",{"_30":2938,"_16":275,"_276":2939,"_146":2394},"cd82c4cea259",[439],{"_30":2941,"_16":275,"_276":2942,"_146":2943},"228911e19f6a",[]," as your context window, instead of a giant context window. That makes it both cheaper to run and more relevant.”",[],{"_30":2946,"_16":270,"_271":2947,"_279":2952,"_281":513},"2d5c67f21878",[2948],{"_30":2949,"_16":275,"_276":2950,"_146":2951},"98387814003a",[],"Indexing and Librarians: Better Docs Through Better Organization of Info?",[],{"_30":2954,"_16":270,"_271":2955,"_279":2968,"_281":282},"f26f1409f052",[2956,2960,2964],{"_30":2957,"_16":275,"_276":2958,"_146":2959},"8b000df2081b",[],"The author notes that for documentation, the real use case that most users want isn’t longer, prettier notes to read, but the ability to ask a specific question in natural language and receive a contextually correct, helpful answer. “That's the ‘killer app.’ That requires some indexing. I haven't built this yet myself, because nobody has paid me to do it. But being able to ask any question and get an authentic answer: ",{"_30":2961,"_16":275,"_276":2962,"_146":2963},"0d3825a99a41",[439],"That’s",{"_30":2965,"_16":275,"_276":2966,"_146":2967},"3474bd2e195d",[]," what you want.”",[],{"_30":2970,"_16":270,"_271":2971,"_279":2976,"_281":282},"8755ffb07e63",[2972],{"_30":2973,"_16":275,"_276":2974,"_146":2975},"6f17fbd0861a",[],"To get to such a state requires proper indexing of product information, so that your system can return a specific, accurate response. In other words, a highly deterministic result that’s at odds with GenAI’s inherently non-deterministic nature. “For example, if a person asks about installation, here's the set of documents they want, and you’d refine it with the set of documents you’d return. So you’d need a natural-language sorting on pre-indexed stuff.”",[],{"_30":2978,"_16":270,"_271":2979,"_279":3000,"_281":282},"2e2b0316c6ba",[2980,2984,2988,2992,2996],{"_30":2981,"_16":275,"_276":2982,"_146":2983},"1e272d57fef2",[],"“But that means that you have to pay someone to do the indexing with computer assistance. Indexing a whole set of things is difficult, but you can't just leave it to machines because machines don't understand anything. ",{"_30":2985,"_16":275,"_276":2986,"_146":2987},"1c9b4110a8b4",[439],"They do not ‘understand’",{"_30":2989,"_16":275,"_276":2990,"_146":2991},"c8d9bf9389b5",[]," as they are not capable of ‘understanding’ as a concept. So I think that there's going to be an uptick in the need for ",{"_30":2993,"_16":275,"_276":2994,"_146":2995},"1ffdee21044a",[439],"librarians",{"_30":2997,"_16":275,"_276":2998,"_146":2999},"c62130ca2ab3",[],": People who understand semantic information and semantic relationships.”",[],{"_30":3002,"_16":270,"_271":3003,"_279":3008,"_281":354},"56d9657f96d1",[3004],{"_30":3005,"_16":275,"_276":3006,"_146":3007},"64253605e0e3",[],"The State of Docs vs. What Has Been Lost to Time",[],{"_30":3010,"_16":270,"_271":3011,"_279":3024,"_281":282},"bf4a0690e218",[3012,3016,3020],{"_30":3013,"_16":275,"_276":3014,"_146":3015},"4ff89e358c46",[],"The author points out that the status quo of documentation isn’t reams of static docs that someone wrote years ago and no one has looked at since. “It hasn’t been like that for 15 years! But one of the interesting problems is that we've democratized technical writing and made it all markdown files, which means ",{"_30":3017,"_16":275,"_276":3018,"_146":3019},"9b740be808a6",[439],"we've taken the expertise out of it.",{"_30":3021,"_16":275,"_276":3022,"_146":3023},"09fb4283ef62",[],"”",[],{"_30":3026,"_16":270,"_271":3027,"_279":3049,"_281":282},"7c84fdb213bf",[3028,3032,3037,3040,3045],{"_30":3029,"_16":275,"_276":3030,"_146":3031},"c34a76a71b5b",[],"“I think back to the priesthood of ",{"_30":3033,"_16":275,"_276":3034,"_146":3036},"46dc06bc1392",[3035],"d2fdd7aa4bae","Framemaker",{"_30":3038,"_16":275,"_276":3039,"_146":2209},"79958f4e9183",[],{"_30":3041,"_16":275,"_276":3042,"_146":3044},"f56438e4f2f6",[3043],"38d0df6c95a1","RoboHelp",{"_30":3046,"_16":275,"_276":3047,"_146":3048},"165dc38160c1",[],", and other things we used to have. Extremely specific, context-sensitive help, where every page you were on in an application had an identifier, and if you clicked the little ‘help’ button, you would get help specific to that page. It would know where you were. There's no reason we can't have that with web applications. But nobody has been doing it. And I think just returning to something like that would be immensely useful.”",[3050,3052],{"_30":3035,"_16":42,"_391":3051},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_FrameMaker",{"_30":3043,"_16":42,"_391":3053},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_RoboHelp",{"_30":3055,"_16":270,"_271":3056,"_279":3082,"_281":282},"4e24d1c7496c",[3057,3061,3066,3070,3074,3078],{"_30":3058,"_16":275,"_276":3059,"_146":3060},"d281d014ae66",[],"“Today, what we're writing is: Here's how to get started with what you're doing. Here's the ",{"_30":3062,"_16":275,"_276":3063,"_146":3065},"9ac699936fa5",[3064,439],"c2e134fcf395","reference documentation",{"_30":3067,"_16":275,"_276":3068,"_146":3069},"552ef4be7312",[],". There's a whole framework about what a reference doc is and what an instruction doc is and what an example doc is. And all that knowledge is difficult to transmit to founders because it's ",{"_30":3071,"_16":275,"_276":3072,"_146":3073},"a46d8f94200d",[439],"expertise",{"_30":3075,"_16":275,"_276":3076,"_146":3077},"1eabbaf70c04",[],". It's like asking someone: ",{"_30":3079,"_16":275,"_276":3080,"_146":3081},"5dbbe3171d80",[439],"‘Please be an expert in user interfaces.’",[3083],{"_30":3064,"_16":42,"_391":3084},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/developer-content/reference-documentation",{"_30":3086,"_16":270,"_271":3087,"_279":3092,"_281":354},"62355c95d0d3",[3088],{"_30":3089,"_16":275,"_276":3090,"_146":3091},"c3a2fe19c3d9",[],"A Gentle Reminder: Docs Aren’t for Happy People",[],{"_30":3094,"_16":270,"_271":3095,"_279":3124,"_281":282},"bb2fd930e4e1",[3096,3100,3104,3108,3112,3116,3120],{"_30":3097,"_16":275,"_276":3098,"_146":3099},"aa12de6d8e9b",[],"“I think that what we need to be doing is not just writing ",{"_30":3101,"_16":275,"_276":3102,"_146":3103},"67d4c7b18156",[439],"more",{"_30":3105,"_16":275,"_276":3106,"_146":3107},"1c94f1b57024",[]," documentation, which doesn't actually help people. I think what we need to be doing is ",{"_30":3109,"_16":275,"_276":3110,"_146":3111},"ef637e5c40e2",[439],"making it easier to find answers",{"_30":3113,"_16":275,"_276":3114,"_146":3115},"f9e1a8dde5dd",[]," to a problem that you're having. This is always the goal of documentation. Because I always say that anyone reading documentation ",{"_30":3117,"_16":275,"_276":3118,"_146":3119},"7a717cf0a5a2",[439],"is already pissed off",{"_30":3121,"_16":275,"_276":3122,"_146":3123},"833d1cf90092",[],".”",[],{"_30":3126,"_16":270,"_271":3127,"_279":3148,"_281":282},"3947c9c0be6b",[3128,3132,3136,3140,3144],{"_30":3129,"_16":275,"_276":3130,"_146":3131},"55db9fbe8feb",[],"The author clarifies that people reading documentation ",{"_30":3133,"_16":275,"_276":3134,"_146":3135},"86cebac7bdc7",[439],"don’t want to read documentation",{"_30":3137,"_16":275,"_276":3138,"_146":3139},"cfae719ef91d",[],". They want to already be completing their tasks. “We need to do as much as we can so people ",{"_30":3141,"_16":275,"_276":3142,"_146":3143},"ad6d26a47655",[439],"don't have to read documentation",{"_30":3145,"_16":275,"_276":3146,"_146":3147},"4ce624bf222f",[],". What if machines could read documentation and answer questions. That'd be great! But we need to design better software.”",[],{"_30":3150,"_16":270,"_271":3151,"_279":3156,"_281":282},"6de1e3937293",[3152],{"_30":3153,"_16":275,"_276":3154,"_146":3155},"83269819f243",[],"In an ideal world, with better software, users wouldn’t need to fight a 20-page config guide to get it to work. “I tell my clients: ‘Have you made a Docker container for [your product]? Could you just give people a runtime environment that works for them so that they don't have to configure it?’”",[],{"_30":3158,"_16":270,"_271":3159,"_279":3164,"_281":282},"c397b4f562d5",[3160],{"_30":3161,"_16":275,"_276":3162,"_146":3163},"f9f9494f8182",[],"“I think we're moving in that direction a lot for the things that we used to use documentation for. But in order to do that, you still have to know how things work.”",[],{"_30":3166,"_16":270,"_271":3167,"_279":3172,"_281":2471},"86a216334632",[3168],{"_30":3169,"_16":275,"_276":3170,"_146":3171},"478bb6d780a5",[439],"What we need to be doing is making it easier to find answers to a problem that you're having. Anyone reading documentation is already pissed off.",[],{"_30":3174,"_16":270,"_271":3175,"_279":3180,"_281":354},"71dd80524e93",[3176],{"_30":3177,"_16":275,"_276":3178,"_146":3179},"29e520a25db0",[],"Are Smaller Models the Key to Better Docs?",[],{"_30":3182,"_16":270,"_271":3183,"_279":3188,"_281":282},"a0cd24558dc4",[3184],{"_30":3185,"_16":275,"_276":3186,"_146":3187},"724f410b037c",[],"Waterhouse notes that while GenAI is exhibiting potential for summarization use cases, and might be theoretically useful to gobble up reams of documentation and spit out answers, the solution isn’t quite that simple. “The thing that gobbles up data also has its own biases. It doesn't have a good semantic understanding of exactly what you're doing.”",[],{"_30":3190,"_16":270,"_271":3191,"_279":3196,"_281":282},"e5c06c8acfc6",[3192],{"_30":3193,"_16":275,"_276":3194,"_146":3195},"ace851eb267b",[],"The author suggests that an alternative might be smaller, lighter-weight models and retrieval tools trained on a highly-specific, frequently-updated dataset from which it answers questions. “But it's much clearer to think of it as a chat-based interface for an index rather than thinking of it as an answer machine.”",[],{"_30":3198,"_16":270,"_271":3199,"_279":3204,"_281":354},"f3177be1c521",[3200],{"_30":3201,"_16":275,"_276":3202,"_146":3203},"3063b3f40a09",[],"Weaponizing Skepticism",[],{"_30":3206,"_16":270,"_271":3207,"_279":3220,"_281":282},"7efb924aec0f",[3208,3212,3216],{"_30":3209,"_16":275,"_276":3210,"_146":3211},"66d674d2ed22",[],"The author notes the problem of software documentation seeming to have all the answers...put into the hands of LLMs that still confidently give ",{"_30":3213,"_16":275,"_276":3214,"_146":3215},"5fcf8ff83f2c",[439],"wrong",{"_30":3217,"_16":275,"_276":3218,"_146":3219},"bd300efe9070",[]," answers. “Recently, there was a thread online where someone recommended feeding some Perl string into an LLM to ‘see what it parses as.’ It turns out the string parsed as a UNIX command to wipe your hard drive.”",[],{"_30":3222,"_16":270,"_271":3223,"_279":3244,"_281":282},"570b27432821",[3224,3228,3232,3236,3241],{"_30":3225,"_16":275,"_276":3226,"_146":3227},"f053624b212a",[],"“Now, that was obfuscated. And a human who has been on the Internet for a while knows not to run random unchecked strings. But [AI] doesn’t know that. It doesn't have any sense of danger. And I honestly think that we are going to have to ",{"_30":3229,"_16":275,"_276":3230,"_146":3231},"ff1e6ce171a8",[439],"code in",{"_30":3233,"_16":275,"_276":3234,"_146":3235},"808cee9768d2",[]," a sense of danger. For example, how a prominent startup founder’s vibe-coding tool accidentally ",{"_30":3237,"_16":275,"_276":3238,"_146":3240},"3560c7cdd1a5",[3239],"ff4c8e75f31f","wiped their production database",{"_30":3242,"_16":275,"_276":3243,"_146":3123},"c6e792576ee7",[],[3245],{"_30":3239,"_16":42,"_391":3246},"https://fortune.com/2025/07/23/ai-coding-tool-replit-wiped-database-called-it-a-catastrophic-failure/",{"_30":3248,"_16":270,"_271":3249,"_279":3254,"_281":282},"8ac1778bad56",[3250],{"_30":3251,"_16":275,"_276":3252,"_146":3253},"4c1f15b1b821",[],"“I think what we need to build into our tools is a sense of skepticism. (We can call it ‘testing,’ but testing is just weaponized skepticism.) We need to teach AI tools a sense of danger and a sense of skepticism before we let them loose in production.”",[],{"_30":3256,"_16":270,"_271":3257,"_279":3262,"_281":282},"8c235fc46113",[3258],{"_30":3259,"_16":275,"_276":3260,"_146":3261},"62fefd3c38e2",[],"“Separately, we need to think about how AI will consume what we write in a different way than a human being might. How do we design documentation not just to be consumed by humans, but to be consumed by machine learning [algorithms]?” the author muses. “Honestly, the OpenAPI project seems like the start of that: This is a semantically sound, well-formatted thing that you can consume whether or not you're a machine. It’s predictable and you can count on it to have the same structure so that it's not going to give you weird answers.”",[],{"_30":3264,"_16":270,"_271":3265,"_279":3270,"_281":282},"116e4281a02a",[3266],{"_30":3267,"_16":275,"_276":3268,"_146":3269},"001c4aa79ba8",[],"“Making our documentation accessible to machines is going to be valuable, because then we can use machines to ask [the documentation itself] questions.",[],{"_30":3272,"_16":270,"_271":3273,"_279":3278,"_281":354},"ee73bbdf42a1",[3274],{"_30":3275,"_16":275,"_276":3276,"_146":3277},"4ce560cf1861",[],"Making Builders Future-Proof in an AI Future",[],{"_30":3280,"_16":270,"_271":3281,"_279":3286,"_281":282},"ae1bb7d436bb",[3282],{"_30":3283,"_16":275,"_276":3284,"_146":3285},"3acabfbe8ddf",[],"Waterhouse also considers the impact of AI on engineering teams, including for junior developers. “Every time we make an advance in technology, we feel like we're going to lose those skills, and it turns out that somebody cares about preserving them. Also, even mechanization doesn't reduce the amount of work that needs to happen.”",[],{"_30":3288,"_16":270,"_271":3289,"_279":3303,"_281":282},"1240c8ff52c6",[3290,3294,3299],{"_30":3291,"_16":275,"_276":3292,"_146":3293},"52ef98d47b28",[],"The author cites ",{"_30":3295,"_16":275,"_276":3296,"_146":3298},"b6ec122caf91",[3297,439],"2efc9997f119","More Work for Mother",{"_30":3300,"_16":275,"_276":3301,"_146":3302},"29e68a15f109",[]," by Ruth Schwartz Cowan, a book about how laundry used to be an infrequent, time-consuming chore that required hiring washerwomen servants. After the advent of the washing machine, the position of washerwoman vanished from society, but because washing machines made doing laundry more accessible, families would do laundry more frequently, causing housewives to eventually invest the same number of hours per year doing laundry as they did previously.",[3304],{"_30":3297,"_16":42,"_391":3305},"https://hss.sas.upenn.edu/content/more-work-mother-ironies-household-technology-open-hearth-microwave",{"_30":3307,"_16":270,"_271":3308,"_279":3321,"_281":282},"9ff79b8c9fa2",[3309,3313,3317],{"_30":3310,"_16":275,"_276":3311,"_146":3312},"00cb0d99b24a",[],"“We're going to have junior testers who can run exponentially more tests, but somebody still has to ",{"_30":3314,"_16":275,"_276":3315,"_146":3316},"9749ea1359ca",[439],"write",{"_30":3318,"_16":275,"_276":3319,"_146":3320},"0773b9d1c319",[]," them. Those skills will be sustained, but they're not going to be ‘a whole job.’ The problem is somebody has to understand the fundamentals.”",[],{"_30":3323,"_16":270,"_271":3324,"_279":3329,"_281":282},"27888d340ed0",[3325],{"_30":3326,"_16":275,"_276":3327,"_146":3328},"4de966a87265",[],"“We watched this happen with the abstraction of languages up the stack. There are not a lot of people coding in C anymore because our abstraction layer above C is good enough. But there's a reason people are still using COBOL. It's because everything but COBOL has floating point errors for extreme edge cases of math that actually matter quite a lot. So we still need to have at least a few experts from somewhere who care about the deep internals.”",[],{"_30":3331,"_16":270,"_271":3332,"_279":3345,"_281":282},"2c2818bede39",[3333,3337,3341],{"_30":3334,"_16":275,"_276":3335,"_146":3336},"f218e4e6851b",[],"The author notes that older programming experts are retiring, leaving a vacuum for experts on computing fundamentals. “For a lot of these really sophisticated abstractions that LLMs rely on, we need someone who understands how to program the thing",{"_30":3338,"_16":275,"_276":3339,"_146":3340},"661081550a9f",[439]," that programs the thing",{"_30":3342,"_16":275,"_276":3343,"_146":3344},"3647325ef424",[]," that makes the chips.” The current state of play in AI is marked by inflated expectations and budgets, but hopefully, market forces will iron out the issues.",[],{"_30":3347,"_16":122,"_111":3348},"a25da1bae406",{"_113":3349,"_16":115},"image-76eca1fb8989a4b23ea771a6fe7df42544f23d54-385x489-png",{"_30":3351,"_16":270,"_271":3352,"_279":3365,"_281":282},"63ebf93fefe8",[3353,3357,3362],{"_30":3354,"_16":275,"_276":3355,"_146":3356},"8ba6fcf4d6ef",[439],"Without experts in the fundamentals, software will have increasingly precarious dependencies. Image courtesy ",{"_30":3358,"_16":275,"_276":3359,"_146":3361},"fa5a87958d01",[3360,439],"2e5e13988414","XKCD",{"_30":3363,"_16":275,"_276":3364,"_146":2857},"e12172b35539",[439],[3366],{"_30":3360,"_16":42,"_391":3367},"https://xkcd.com/2347/",{"_30":3369,"_16":270,"_271":3370,"_279":3375,"_281":354},"491f84300d63",[3371],{"_30":3372,"_16":275,"_276":3373,"_146":3374},"b6f78677a708",[],"What Will Never Change: Who and What Docs Are For",[],{"_30":3377,"_16":270,"_271":3378,"_279":3391,"_281":282},"bf299bca401b",[3379,3382,3387],{"_30":3380,"_16":275,"_276":3381,"_146":3293},"e25741bc0804",[],{"_30":3383,"_16":275,"_276":3384,"_146":3386},"5f75260ec026",[3385,439],"6601d8a80d0a","Making Users Awesome",{"_30":3388,"_16":275,"_276":3389,"_146":3390},"e0dcd1b4f63d",[]," by Kathy Sierra’s fundamental point about software: No one uses it because they ‘love using software.’ “People use software because they’re trying to accomplish a task or get something done.”",[3392],{"_30":3385,"_16":42,"_391":3393},"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/badass-making-users/9781491919057/",{"_30":3395,"_16":270,"_271":3396,"_279":3409,"_281":282},"5e5ab1180ce9",[3397,3401,3405],{"_30":3398,"_16":275,"_276":3399,"_146":3400},"dcc1ffdab42f",[],"“And when we're writing documentation, every piece of documentation that somebody has to read ",{"_30":3402,"_16":275,"_276":3403,"_146":3404},"105ee7f9f43e",[439],"slows them down on the way to getting something done",{"_30":3406,"_16":275,"_276":3407,"_146":3408},"00126c3c43f0",[],". It may speed them up in the long run, they may understand something better, but on the whole we are diverting them from their task.”",[],13,"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/50q6fr1p/production/47f933319f9e2a3ca8db58e8b18ff02be37f700d-1200x630.png","5a4e7241-65b4-4ede-8b19-efe37601f59f","2025-08-28T16:24:00.000Z","software-documentation-in-the-age-of-ai","The Future of Software Documentation in the Age of AI","modules","moreFromLibrary",[3419,3421,3423],{"_30":3420,"_113":303,"_16":115},"oOm0eRHvkTNx",{"_30":3422,"_113":323,"_16":115},"S6gev8GaiRXU",{"_30":3424,"_113":338,"_16":115},"vwUwsZpPwwve","outlines",[3427],{"_30":3428,"_16":270,"_271":3429,"_279":3434,"_281":282},"e9ed74b464d1",[3430],{"_30":3431,"_16":275,"_276":3432,"_146":3433},"3e0ff514f3de",[],"

The Many Paths of CxOs\n
- Paths into Tech and Founding Companies
- Taking on Executive Titles and Roles
- Habits and Actions Shape Company Culture
- Coaching, Blind Spots, and Go-to-Market Lessons
- CEO/CTO Transitions and Ego Death
- Advice for Future Founders and Closing Reflections
\n

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Her extensive experience in software began with her early work as a technology journalist, documenting new case studies for Australia’s rapidly-developing IT sector and eventually providing extensive editorial coverage of developing standards in Web development for leading publication Computerwire.",[],{"_30":3561,"_16":270,"_271":3562,"_279":3567,"_281":282},"9ea7f379a566",[3563],{"_30":3564,"_16":275,"_276":3565,"_146":3566},"03957024ff41",[],"Her natural curiosity and fascination with emerging tech soon led her to industry analysis. As the VP of 451 Research’s infrastructure practice, she unearthed a growing sector of tooling for developers and data experts and discovered technology titans-in-waiting Splunk, VMWare, and Cloudera in the process. She grew the practice to a multi-million dollar business eventually sold to Standard & Poors Global.",[],{"_30":3569,"_16":270,"_271":3570,"_279":3575,"_281":282},"682fb527045b",[3571],{"_30":3572,"_16":275,"_276":3573,"_146":3574},"3ab98f6adf25",[],"Rachel has held leadership and advisory positions with a variety of software companies, including Honeycomb, Autodesk, and Compaas, focusing on key areas such as honing marketing messaging, product positioning, and overall go-to-market strategy.",[],{"_30":3577,"_16":270,"_271":3578,"_279":3583,"_281":282},"7bd55c68fd3d",[3579],{"_30":3580,"_16":275,"_276":3581,"_146":3582},"f0c7eb78ae3b",[],"A venture capital expert, Rachel has also spent more than a decade discovering, investing in, and mentoring successful startups. Her tours of duty include working as principal at IGNITION PARTNERS, then as venture partner at Merian Ventures. She also served as managing director at Alchemist Accelerator, where she assisted a new generation of startups in finding their audiences and their voices while zeroing in on product-market fit.",[],{"_30":3585,"_16":270,"_271":3586,"_279":3591,"_281":282},"936fafe22c6c",[3587],{"_30":3588,"_16":275,"_276":3589,"_146":3590},"93a557262848",[],"Rachel is also an outspoken advocate for diversity, inclusion, and taking a human-centered approach to tech, having advised The Ada Initiative, a not-for-profit organization built to support women in technology. 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I'm lucky enough to be an early investor in Charity because I'm a",{"_30":3715,"_16":275,"_276":3716,"_146":3717},"fc0a455a6c3a",[]," ",{"_30":3719,"_16":275,"_276":3720,"_146":3722},"1bc3fddc5eb0",[3721],"7825ebd","genius, and I'm unlucky enough not to be an early investor in Christine because I'm a fool. And that is the life of a VC.",[3724,3728],{"_30":3708,"_16":3725,"_3726":3727},"timestamp","time","00:00:04.960",{"_30":3721,"_16":3725,"_3726":3729},"00:00:10.000",{"_30":3731,"_16":270,"_271":3732,"_279":3738,"_281":282},"ec17934987ce",[3733],{"_30":3734,"_16":275,"_276":3735,"_146":3737},"74fed7437cbb",[3736],"ac8dce1","Would you two like to introduce yourselves just briefly?",[3739],{"_30":3736,"_16":3725,"_3726":3740},"00:00:17.160",{"_30":3742,"_16":270,"_271":3743,"_279":3761,"_281":282},"ab27ead0b783",[3744,3749,3753,3756],{"_30":3745,"_16":275,"_276":3746,"_146":3748},"ed178d7b877a",[3747,616],"bf35b14","Christine Spang:",{"_30":3750,"_16":275,"_276":3751,"_146":3752},"7ec62eef239e",[3747]," For sure. Rachel's also one of my favorite people in the world. I am Christine Spang. I'm the founder and CEO at",{"_30":3754,"_16":275,"_276":3755,"_146":3717},"6f5e74393949",[],{"_30":3757,"_16":275,"_276":3758,"_146":3760},"b20ca6aa90cb",[3759],"7625ba4","Nylas. I'm really glad I got that right because that's only been my job for nine months.",[3762,3764],{"_30":3747,"_16":3725,"_3726":3763},"00:00:21.840",{"_30":3759,"_16":3725,"_3726":3765},"00:00:32.620",{"_30":3767,"_16":270,"_271":3768,"_279":3790,"_281":282},"2abbe4fa7813",[3769,3774,3777,3782,3785],{"_30":3770,"_16":275,"_276":3771,"_146":3773},"54ca8332503a",[3772],"3e457d5","If you aren't familiar with",{"_30":3775,"_16":275,"_276":3776,"_146":3717},"2d7121be3c55",[],{"_30":3778,"_16":275,"_276":3779,"_146":3781},"84fc9f20b815",[3780],"172f3cd","Nylas, we are a unified API for connecting to any email inbox, calendar, or meeting provider in the world. So if you",{"_30":3783,"_16":275,"_276":3784,"_146":3717},"7878c1c907c9",[],{"_30":3786,"_16":275,"_276":3787,"_146":3789},"30a3c522d97b",[3788],"a04dc56","need any of that, check us out.",[3791,3792,3794],{"_30":3772,"_16":3725,"_3726":3765},{"_30":3780,"_16":3725,"_3726":3793},"00:00:40.740",{"_30":3788,"_16":3725,"_3726":3795},"00:00:48.620",{"_30":3797,"_16":270,"_271":3798,"_279":3816,"_281":282},"a96d73ebba68",[3799,3804,3808,3811],{"_30":3800,"_16":275,"_276":3801,"_146":3803},"a1b26483e284",[3802,616],"973f0db","Charity Majors:",{"_30":3805,"_16":275,"_276":3806,"_146":3807},"8268241a87b8",[3802]," Who else here has been lucky enough to be yelled at by Rachel because they were wrong about something? Nice, nice. I'm",{"_30":3809,"_16":275,"_276":3810,"_146":3717},"421153050ece",[],{"_30":3812,"_16":275,"_276":3813,"_146":3815},"baf8e6180c76",[3814],"68ecabc","not alone.",[3817,3819],{"_30":3802,"_16":3725,"_3726":3818},"00:00:52.230",{"_30":3814,"_16":3725,"_3726":3820},"00:00:58.390",{"_30":3822,"_16":270,"_271":3823,"_279":3833,"_281":282},"7aa74134e5be",[3824,3829],{"_30":3825,"_16":275,"_276":3826,"_146":3828},"59f544e2e04f",[3827,616],"302da17","Rachel:",{"_30":3830,"_16":275,"_276":3831,"_146":3832},"3c26e256a1c7",[3827]," I can yell on request.",[3834],{"_30":3827,"_16":3725,"_3726":3835},"00:00:59.320",{"_30":3837,"_16":270,"_271":3838,"_279":3848,"_281":282},"03617cb96827",[3839,3844],{"_30":3840,"_16":275,"_276":3841,"_146":3843},"2594fe77b25e",[3842,616],"117f786","Charity:",{"_30":3845,"_16":275,"_276":3846,"_146":3847},"e605f7a3a13e",[3842]," That's true. And Spang and I once shared a block. You guys were the first paying customers of Honeycomb.",[3849],{"_30":3842,"_16":3725,"_3726":3850},"00:01:02.390",{"_30":3852,"_16":270,"_271":3853,"_279":3863,"_281":282},"bc3db4f104cd",[3854,3859],{"_30":3855,"_16":275,"_276":3856,"_146":3858},"c04529b1ebbd",[3857,616],"2e7c322","Christine:",{"_30":3860,"_16":275,"_276":3861,"_146":3862},"189ed3060cf1",[3857]," Yeah, that's right. We cut you guys your first check.",[3864],{"_30":3857,"_16":3725,"_3726":3865},"00:01:09.870",{"_30":3867,"_16":270,"_271":3868,"_279":3893,"_281":282},"0b66e482752b",[3869,3873,3877,3880,3885,3888],{"_30":3870,"_16":275,"_276":3871,"_146":3843},"29352b5614d9",[3872,616],"2856722",{"_30":3874,"_16":275,"_276":3875,"_146":3876},"a0ce90e6c8a9",[3872]," Such an embarrassing story. We probably shouldn't tell it. My name is Charity Majors, co-founder and CTO of Honeycomb.",{"_30":3878,"_16":275,"_276":3879,"_146":3717},"dfba434b585c",[],{"_30":3881,"_16":275,"_276":3882,"_146":3884},"823ffde3d044",[3883],"8fc0985","We do observability. So sort of next generation observability. I could talk at you for a very long time, but",{"_30":3886,"_16":275,"_276":3887,"_146":3717},"5127b15dc8fc",[],{"_30":3889,"_16":275,"_276":3890,"_146":3892},"b17358a4910c",[3891],"fffdeb2","we're not here to talk about that.",[3894,3896,3898],{"_30":3872,"_16":3725,"_3726":3895},"00:01:12.150",{"_30":3883,"_16":3725,"_3726":3897},"00:01:18.960",{"_30":3891,"_16":3725,"_3726":3899},"00:01:25.640",{"_30":3901,"_16":270,"_271":3902,"_279":3919,"_281":282},"b21ec14b9c2b",[3903,3907,3911,3914],{"_30":3904,"_16":275,"_276":3905,"_146":3828},"85a51b4abfcc",[3906,616],"23cc447",{"_30":3908,"_16":275,"_276":3909,"_146":3910},"b4aa4b842ac2",[3906]," How did the two of you get drawn into or fall into the founder role? 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That is not the world we have anymore but that's how I",{"_30":4160,"_16":275,"_276":4161,"_146":3717},"3374ab466222",[],{"_30":4163,"_16":275,"_276":4164,"_146":4166},"9a05acddcad5",[4165],"1a47d7e","got here.",[4168,4169,4171,4173],{"_30":4144,"_16":3725,"_3726":4137},{"_30":4149,"_16":3725,"_3726":4170},"00:03:26.050",{"_30":4157,"_16":3725,"_3726":4172},"00:03:31.010",{"_30":4165,"_16":3725,"_3726":4174},"00:03:36.130",{"_30":4176,"_16":270,"_271":4177,"_279":4196,"_281":282},"c4edb12b9858",[4178,4183,4186,4191],{"_30":4179,"_16":275,"_276":4180,"_146":4182},"6b100dc05c57",[4181],"87fe29c","I've always loved, I'm kind of a professional cynic. I work really well as an SRE because",{"_30":4184,"_16":275,"_276":4185,"_146":3717},"5fd1f720910d",[],{"_30":4187,"_16":275,"_276":4188,"_146":4190},"fa6a12e76f17",[4189],"1ae5f58","anytime you tell me about your great technology, I'm like, here's how it's going to fail. This is going to break. ",{"_30":4192,"_16":275,"_276":4193,"_146":4195},"7c7069e2a0f8",[4194],"813b366","It's a type. And it worked really well for me.",[4197,4198,4200],{"_30":4181,"_16":3725,"_3726":4174},{"_30":4189,"_16":3725,"_3726":4199},"00:03:44.140",{"_30":4194,"_16":3725,"_3726":4201},"00:03:50.180",{"_30":4203,"_16":270,"_271":4204,"_279":4234,"_281":282},"a6577628f8a8",[4205,4210,4213,4218,4221,4226,4229],{"_30":4206,"_16":275,"_276":4207,"_146":4209},"cf4e48052bfd",[4208],"314a85d","I have no pedigree. I've never graduated from anything and when I",{"_30":4211,"_16":275,"_276":4212,"_146":3717},"f3552564bfe7",[],{"_30":4214,"_16":275,"_276":4215,"_146":4217},"70560b3efd9a",[4216],"c35592d","was leaving, I was at a startup called Parse, which got acquired by Facebook. 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It was emotionally really brutal.",[4441,4442],{"_30":4430,"_16":3725,"_3726":4423},{"_30":4438,"_16":3725,"_3726":4443},"00:05:40.700",{"_30":4445,"_16":270,"_271":4446,"_279":4468,"_281":282},"79e9fac5bbdd",[4447,4452,4455,4460,4463],{"_30":4448,"_16":275,"_276":4449,"_146":4451},"8b3f7fa13572",[4450],"a85ef6a","I actually never wanted",{"_30":4453,"_16":275,"_276":4454,"_146":3717},"868a8be11118",[],{"_30":4456,"_16":275,"_276":4457,"_146":4459},"db66f2862d3c",[4458],"770bd76","to be CEO. So I was kind of like, why didn't you just have a conversation with me? Because I didn't want this job",{"_30":4461,"_16":275,"_276":4462,"_146":3717},"1bfe2dd3a3df",[],{"_30":4464,"_16":275,"_276":4465,"_146":4467},"479e2b1324fe",[4466],"4531553","actually. Instead, you had to fire me. But capitalism does capitalism things.",[4469,4470,4472],{"_30":4450,"_16":3725,"_3726":4443},{"_30":4458,"_16":3725,"_3726":4471},"00:05:47.699",{"_30":4466,"_16":3725,"_3726":4473},"00:05:51.620",{"_30":4475,"_16":270,"_271":4476,"_279":4498,"_281":282},"4792c67f733c",[4477,4482,4485,4490,4493],{"_30":4478,"_16":275,"_276":4479,"_146":4481},"35c0f959f73b",[4480],"d98e677","So it was really hard. Honestly, I have",{"_30":4483,"_16":275,"_276":4484,"_146":3717},"e6d03a1076dc",[],{"_30":4486,"_16":275,"_276":4487,"_146":4489},"ad63367d8cd4",[4488],"a4503cb","put more work into my relationship with my co-founder than anyone else on this planet. And I've been married. It takes a",{"_30":4491,"_16":275,"_276":4492,"_146":3717},"a0d71faceb29",[],{"_30":4494,"_16":275,"_276":4495,"_146":4497},"89337d3e5215",[4496],"68114f8","lot of work. But now, we've gotten to the point where, we're good at opposite things.",[4499,4500,4502],{"_30":4480,"_16":3725,"_3726":4473},{"_30":4488,"_16":3725,"_3726":4501},"00:05:57.780",{"_30":4496,"_16":3725,"_3726":4503},"00:06:07.100",{"_30":4505,"_16":270,"_271":4506,"_279":4528,"_281":282},"135a267bf337",[4507,4512,4515,4520,4523],{"_30":4508,"_16":275,"_276":4509,"_146":4511},"fab11c6bf879",[4510],"17eda5e","She",{"_30":4513,"_16":275,"_276":4514,"_146":3717},"73f1f4300d1e",[],{"_30":4516,"_16":275,"_276":4517,"_146":4519},"fdee69fff01f",[4518],"3b87deb","knows what she's good at. I know what I'm good at. We can cooperate. We are greater than the sum of our parts but",{"_30":4521,"_16":275,"_276":4522,"_146":3717},"4cb9a418ef82",[],{"_30":4524,"_16":275,"_276":4525,"_146":4527},"24f05ea8f34a",[4526],"740df2c","it was not easy.",[4529,4530,4532],{"_30":4510,"_16":3725,"_3726":4503},{"_30":4518,"_16":3725,"_3726":4531},"00:06:13.060",{"_30":4526,"_16":3725,"_3726":4533},"00:06:19.780",{"_30":4535,"_16":270,"_271":4536,"_279":4553,"_281":282},"dc83043434b6",[4537,4541,4545,4548],{"_30":4538,"_16":275,"_276":4539,"_146":3858},"9c58a0fd1613",[4540,616],"4928752",{"_30":4542,"_16":275,"_276":4543,"_146":4544},"a6f915ed0276",[4540]," Yeah, I didn't ask to be CEO either. I built the company up for many years with someone who's still",{"_30":4546,"_16":275,"_276":4547,"_146":3717},"a514f47c060a",[],{"_30":4549,"_16":275,"_276":4550,"_146":4552},"6166fe958e32",[4551],"1c334c0","very treasured to me. And, being CEO for seven plus years is fucking hard. Oh, my God.",[4554,4556],{"_30":4540,"_16":3725,"_3726":4555},"00:06:21.340",{"_30":4551,"_16":3725,"_3726":4557},"00:06:31.170",{"_30":4559,"_16":270,"_271":4560,"_279":4582,"_281":282},"2f7aad780c9e",[4561,4566,4569,4574,4577],{"_30":4562,"_16":275,"_276":4563,"_146":4565},"93db4161670f",[4564],"ebb8296","And he needed a break",{"_30":4567,"_16":275,"_276":4568,"_146":3717},"549fd09a9d4b",[],{"_30":4570,"_16":275,"_276":4571,"_146":4573},"3bcd9b43d2e6",[4572],"289a366","and he kind of hit his breaking point last year and he really needed a break. So he's actually building a house",{"_30":4575,"_16":275,"_276":4576,"_146":3717},"cac801183c7f",[],{"_30":4578,"_16":275,"_276":4579,"_146":4581},"9d4ffe83cf8f",[4580],"0926317","in the desert right now. And I agreed to take on the CEO hat.",[4583,4584,4586],{"_30":4564,"_16":3725,"_3726":4557},{"_30":4572,"_16":3725,"_3726":4585},"00:06:42.060",{"_30":4580,"_16":3725,"_3726":4587},"00:06:48.570",{"_30":4589,"_16":270,"_271":4590,"_279":4599,"_281":282},"135f329fd7a9",[4591,4595],{"_30":4592,"_16":275,"_276":4593,"_146":3828},"ccbdfe69bb04",[4594,616],"8585eed",{"_30":4596,"_16":275,"_276":4597,"_146":4598},"8985e067745f",[4594]," What was the moment at which you realized, oh my God, I'm actually running this thing? Was there an epiphany?",[4600],{"_30":4594,"_16":3725,"_3726":4601},"00:06:57.260",{"_30":4603,"_16":270,"_271":4604,"_279":4613,"_281":282},"a665f8b45154",[4605,4609],{"_30":4606,"_16":275,"_276":4607,"_146":3858},"e582ea0a5f62",[4608,616],"0920c71",{"_30":4610,"_16":275,"_276":4611,"_146":4612},"bec303af0af7",[4608]," As either role?",[4614],{"_30":4608,"_16":3725,"_3726":4615},"00:07:01.980",{"_30":4617,"_16":270,"_271":4618,"_279":4630,"_281":282},"1d6f893480ec",[4619,4623,4627],{"_30":4620,"_16":275,"_276":4621,"_146":3828},"c369c16d6b49",[4622,616],"964e0e0",{"_30":4624,"_16":275,"_276":4625,"_146":4626},"eb89581c5026",[4622]," Yeah.",{"_30":4628,"_16":275,"_276":4629,"_146":2707},"4c6499bc8ccb",[],[4631],{"_30":4622,"_16":3725,"_3726":4615},{"_30":4633,"_16":270,"_271":4634,"_279":4651,"_281":282},"8ffc696643a5",[4635,4639,4643,4646],{"_30":4636,"_16":275,"_276":4637,"_146":3843},"17122a5537bc",[4638,616],"c64bcd1",{"_30":4640,"_16":275,"_276":4641,"_146":4642},"8ca86e9e863b",[4638]," I would say, there came a point over the first three, four, five years where I didn't feel",{"_30":4644,"_16":275,"_276":4645,"_146":3717},"f52b6e3fac89",[],{"_30":4647,"_16":275,"_276":4648,"_146":4650},"41798c2b5675",[4649],"c335057","like I had changed, but information stopped coming to me.",[4652,4654],{"_30":4638,"_16":3725,"_3726":4653},"00:07:10.940",{"_30":4649,"_16":3725,"_3726":4655},"00:07:20.550",{"_30":4657,"_16":270,"_271":4658,"_279":4688,"_281":282},"75c8ff696285",[4659,4664,4667,4672,4675,4680,4683],{"_30":4660,"_16":275,"_276":4661,"_146":4663},"c79fa3fd092e",[4662],"76825d0","So as someone who presents fairly feminine, I",{"_30":4665,"_16":275,"_276":4666,"_146":3717},"3cc45b12c87c",[],{"_30":4668,"_16":275,"_276":4669,"_146":4671},"fbae47110225",[4670],"b0862fb","feel like I'm pretty non threatening, and people have just been willing to tell me things my entire",{"_30":4673,"_16":275,"_276":4674,"_146":3717},"7056ee69eed5",[],{"_30":4676,"_16":275,"_276":4677,"_146":4679},"9d808d811926",[4678],"55a034e","career. And there came a point when people stopped telling me things and I really had to learn that, \"oh, it's my",{"_30":4681,"_16":275,"_276":4682,"_146":3717},"ab0d9b744bf6",[],{"_30":4684,"_16":275,"_276":4685,"_146":4687},"97e03625bd39",[4686],"b77cd27","responsibility to make sure that I get the information that I need.\"",[4689,4690,4692,4694],{"_30":4662,"_16":3725,"_3726":4655},{"_30":4670,"_16":3725,"_3726":4691},"00:07:26.990",{"_30":4678,"_16":3725,"_3726":4693},"00:07:31.070",{"_30":4686,"_16":3725,"_3726":4695},"00:07:36.870",{"_30":4697,"_16":270,"_271":4698,"_279":4728,"_281":282},"d37a3b8fbf3d",[4699,4704,4707,4712,4715,4720,4723],{"_30":4700,"_16":275,"_276":4701,"_146":4703},"8788dcd7457d",[4702],"30b18dc","I'm going to have to pull it out. I have to ask. I",{"_30":4705,"_16":275,"_276":4706,"_146":3717},"097e2e643a9d",[],{"_30":4708,"_16":275,"_276":4709,"_146":4711},"c1a924c0ee9f",[4710],"8635a90","have to make it safe, I have to like, create an environment. I have to make sure they know I want to hear it. I didn't",{"_30":4713,"_16":275,"_276":4714,"_146":3717},"2e4f0ae3a668",[],{"_30":4716,"_16":275,"_276":4717,"_146":4719},"0e56a43b8e9d",[4718],"f121e6f","have these skills because I never had to drag it out of people. But people relate to you differently when they perceive",{"_30":4721,"_16":275,"_276":4722,"_146":3717},"36ac6035dd08",[],{"_30":4724,"_16":275,"_276":4725,"_146":4727},"298aa25b3b7b",[4726],"4aeb39f","you to have more power.",[4729,4730,4732,4734],{"_30":4702,"_16":3725,"_3726":4695},{"_30":4710,"_16":3725,"_3726":4731},"00:07:42.150",{"_30":4718,"_16":3725,"_3726":4733},"00:07:48.060",{"_30":4726,"_16":3725,"_3726":4735},"00:07:54.940",{"_30":4737,"_16":270,"_271":4738,"_279":4763,"_281":282},"8ad602bcad61",[4739,4743,4747,4750,4755,4758],{"_30":4740,"_16":275,"_276":4741,"_146":3858},"2bf0891cc3da",[4742,616],"59009fb",{"_30":4744,"_16":275,"_276":4745,"_146":4746},"f6be47b88330",[4742]," I was 24 when I started this company. The first story that I can remember about this, where I really thought",{"_30":4748,"_16":275,"_276":4749,"_146":3717},"b156e75b6356",[],{"_30":4751,"_16":275,"_276":4752,"_146":4754},"25348524df30",[4753],"fbb19e7","about it was when we kind of got past 10 or so engineers on the team and suddenly stuff just started not flowing",{"_30":4756,"_16":275,"_276":4757,"_146":3717},"b554070ae8fe",[],{"_30":4759,"_16":275,"_276":4760,"_146":4762},"a7578e71c228",[4761],"5bf49d4","as well.",[4764,4766,4768],{"_30":4742,"_16":3725,"_3726":4765},"00:07:58.380",{"_30":4753,"_16":3725,"_3726":4767},"00:08:05.820",{"_30":4761,"_16":3725,"_3726":4769},"00:08:15.810",{"_30":4771,"_16":270,"_271":4772,"_279":4786,"_281":282},"bfa179e6e924",[4773,4778,4781],{"_30":4774,"_16":275,"_276":4775,"_146":4777},"c8e73db2480b",[4776],"0cb57a3","Like maybe we needed to have some organization or something like that. And I racked my brain",{"_30":4779,"_16":275,"_276":4780,"_146":3717},"834cf68b8e40",[],{"_30":4782,"_16":275,"_276":4783,"_146":4785},"5793eaccd409",[4784],"fef4a90","trying to think of like the oldest friends that I had who were like in their low 30s.",[4787,4788],{"_30":4776,"_16":3725,"_3726":4769},{"_30":4784,"_16":3725,"_3726":4789},"00:08:24.010",{"_30":4791,"_16":270,"_271":4792,"_279":4801,"_281":282},"15a14e7b8a95",[4793,4797],{"_30":4794,"_16":275,"_276":4795,"_146":3843},"439807a3121e",[4796,616],"8d08dfa",{"_30":4798,"_16":275,"_276":4799,"_146":4800},"103f197176bc",[4796]," 30s? Oh my God.",[4802],{"_30":4796,"_16":3725,"_3726":4803},"00:08:28.890",{"_30":4805,"_16":270,"_271":4806,"_279":4836,"_281":282},"5903b2fcb389",[4807,4811,4815,4820,4823,4828,4831],{"_30":4808,"_16":275,"_276":4809,"_146":3858},"c5a812628d06",[4810,616],"672ba4c",{"_30":4812,"_16":275,"_276":4813,"_146":4814},"f1fcbe4668d7",[4810]," 31, and find somebody who had been an engineering manager who could like, tell me what you do when ",{"_30":4816,"_16":275,"_276":4817,"_146":4819},"16cfd65d731f",[4818],"0eb457e","stuff just doesn't work. And so I tracked down this friend, I was like, I don't know, I'm doing. And I",{"_30":4821,"_16":275,"_276":4822,"_146":3717},"13ce0358a734",[],{"_30":4824,"_16":275,"_276":4825,"_146":4827},"1a3d29f7316b",[4826],"9278f00","got three book recommendations from him, just a crash course in how to do line",{"_30":4829,"_16":275,"_276":4830,"_146":3717},"980138fbbeaa",[],{"_30":4832,"_16":275,"_276":4833,"_146":4835},"5d618d14876b",[4834],"741a9e3","management for engineering.",[4837,4839,4841,4843],{"_30":4810,"_16":3725,"_3726":4838},"00:08:30.810",{"_30":4818,"_16":3725,"_3726":4840},"00:08:41.530",{"_30":4826,"_16":3725,"_3726":4842},"00:08:49.870",{"_30":4834,"_16":3725,"_3726":4844},"00:08:56.670",{"_30":4846,"_16":270,"_271":4847,"_279":4856,"_281":282},"0078afde6aae",[4848,4852],{"_30":4849,"_16":275,"_276":4850,"_146":3828},"9263d184585e",[4851,616],"743cb30",{"_30":4853,"_16":275,"_276":4854,"_146":4855},"56ec204d0d23",[4851]," Do you remember what the books were?",[4857],{"_30":4851,"_16":3725,"_3726":4858},"00:08:58.230",{"_30":4860,"_16":270,"_271":4861,"_279":4875,"_281":282},"c9c392345d66",[4862,4866,4870],{"_30":4863,"_16":275,"_276":4864,"_146":3858},"41897ef87933",[4865,616],"103b2d1",{"_30":4867,"_16":275,"_276":4868,"_146":4869},"4005ec172788",[4865]," I remember one of them was called Slack. And I can't remember who the author is, but it was about not ",{"_30":4871,"_16":275,"_276":4872,"_146":4874},"9750f7904dcf",[4873],"fc38718","trying to schedule every single minute of your team's time because it doesn't work.",[4876,4878],{"_30":4865,"_16":3725,"_3726":4877},"00:09:00.390",{"_30":4873,"_16":3725,"_3726":4879},"00:09:07.750",{"_30":4881,"_16":270,"_271":4882,"_279":4891,"_281":282},"880f07578732",[4883,4887],{"_30":4884,"_16":275,"_276":4885,"_146":3843},"1790058e9d87",[4886,616],"4fb11b0",{"_30":4888,"_16":275,"_276":4889,"_146":4890},"f5c84c04b114",[4886]," Nowadays. I would tell everyone to read Will Larson.",[4892],{"_30":4886,"_16":3725,"_3726":4893},"00:09:13.360",{"_30":4895,"_16":270,"_271":4896,"_279":4913,"_281":282},"012bf081b961",[4897,4901,4905,4908],{"_30":4898,"_16":275,"_276":4899,"_146":3858},"538547befdb6",[4900,616],"36991c3",{"_30":4902,"_16":275,"_276":4903,"_146":4904},"d4b974ba314f",[4900]," Oh, and the second one I just remembered is a book called Becoming a Technical Leader by Jerry Weinberg. And I also",{"_30":4906,"_16":275,"_276":4907,"_146":3717},"63a9d58e9ebf",[],{"_30":4909,"_16":275,"_276":4910,"_146":4912},"cfb801179628",[4911],"52ca1e9","ended up taking his class when he was still alive and it was awesome.",[4914,4916],{"_30":4900,"_16":3725,"_3726":4915},"00:09:16.880",{"_30":4911,"_16":3725,"_3726":4917},"00:09:24.600",{"_30":4919,"_16":270,"_271":4920,"_279":4937,"_281":282},"3d7908fe8acc",[4921,4925,4929,4932],{"_30":4922,"_16":275,"_276":4923,"_146":3828},"477e2abec3d7",[4924,616],"6d02421",{"_30":4926,"_16":275,"_276":4927,"_146":4928},"0606fe9db8de",[4924]," Yeah. Management is an art and a craft and it can be taught. What do you think people misunderstand the most about",{"_30":4930,"_16":275,"_276":4931,"_146":3717},"2235c8ea8f9f",[],{"_30":4933,"_16":275,"_276":4934,"_146":4936},"573992823d23",[4935],"26cbee8","early stage leadership in technical companies?",[4938,4940],{"_30":4924,"_16":3725,"_3726":4939},"00:09:29.280",{"_30":4935,"_16":3725,"_3726":4941},"00:09:37.040",{"_30":4943,"_16":270,"_271":4944,"_279":4969,"_281":282},"541a9b10b232",[4945,4949,4953,4956,4961,4964],{"_30":4946,"_16":275,"_276":4947,"_146":3843},"44ddb7bb5c7a",[4948,616],"a6736bf",{"_30":4950,"_16":275,"_276":4951,"_146":4952},"7c0a6f137fc6",[4948]," I feel like there's this cult of the founder. I'm not a fan of YC because I feel like they really cultivate",{"_30":4954,"_16":275,"_276":4955,"_146":3717},"6fc6b82ca288",[],{"_30":4957,"_16":275,"_276":4958,"_146":4960},"1aa9b68ae3f6",[4959],"eb24679","this cult. They're just like, oh God, founders are so different from everyone else. And it's just not true.",{"_30":4962,"_16":275,"_276":4963,"_146":3717},"a655658595f2",[],{"_30":4965,"_16":275,"_276":4966,"_146":4968},"d4fb65260297",[4967],"e77db19","It's not true. It shouldn't be true. They make a lot more money than everyone else does if you're successful.",[4970,4972,4974],{"_30":4948,"_16":3725,"_3726":4971},"00:09:42.350",{"_30":4959,"_16":3725,"_3726":4973},"00:09:50.790",{"_30":4967,"_16":3725,"_3726":4975},"00:10:01.710",{"_30":4977,"_16":270,"_271":4978,"_279":5005,"_281":282},"f883764af1eb",[4979,4984,4989,4992,4997,5000],{"_30":4980,"_16":275,"_276":4981,"_146":4983},"f39f21a55f46",[4982],"0e83b99","I",{"_30":4985,"_16":275,"_276":4986,"_146":4988},"e7cccf49e8af",[4987],"5cbd2a3","n the early days, you're all down in the muck together building shit. And almost every",{"_30":4990,"_16":275,"_276":4991,"_146":3717},"104432962dac",[],{"_30":4993,"_16":275,"_276":4994,"_146":4996},"7fb04745f188",[4995],"0a9746e","startup fails, right? Something like 98% of startups fail. So this is a survival exercise.",{"_30":4998,"_16":275,"_276":4999,"_146":3717},"2179018be4b1",[],{"_30":5001,"_16":275,"_276":5002,"_146":5004},"b26a3f760cb2",[5003],"08895ad","And there's really no room for ego in that.",[5006,5007,5009,5011],{"_30":4982,"_16":3725,"_3726":4975},{"_30":4987,"_16":3725,"_3726":5008},"00:10:06.400",{"_30":4995,"_16":3725,"_3726":5010},"00:10:16.040",{"_30":5003,"_16":3725,"_3726":5012},"00:10:22.320",{"_30":5014,"_16":270,"_271":5015,"_279":5037,"_281":282},"54493ef00e15",[5016,5021,5024,5029,5032],{"_30":5017,"_16":275,"_276":5018,"_146":5020},"a8f2aec2d8fb",[5019],"8ffd586","But I do feel like there's the press and the YC cult, and",{"_30":5022,"_16":275,"_276":5023,"_146":3717},"99626c3d3a71",[],{"_30":5025,"_16":275,"_276":5026,"_146":5028},"e27d71f19473",[5027],"82222d4","having been on the other side of this, I was at a post-YC startup, Parse. And I felt like those founders",{"_30":5030,"_16":275,"_276":5031,"_146":3717},"3c531e228573",[],{"_30":5033,"_16":275,"_276":5034,"_146":5036},"a52b96a58323",[5035],"d2285b4","were coached to not tell us the truth.",[5038,5039,5041],{"_30":5019,"_16":3725,"_3726":5012},{"_30":5027,"_16":3725,"_3726":5040},"00:10:31.640",{"_30":5035,"_16":3725,"_3726":5042},"00:10:38.590",{"_30":5044,"_16":270,"_271":5045,"_279":5059,"_281":282},"1b07dbea3956",[5046,5051,5054],{"_30":5047,"_16":275,"_276":5048,"_146":5050},"41b2a45559c8",[5049],"8f527ee","And when I look back on my time there, I was the infrastructure lead, right? And I",{"_30":5052,"_16":275,"_276":5053,"_146":3717},"aa4917012618",[],{"_30":5055,"_16":275,"_276":5056,"_146":5058},"e11c0f7aa41f",[5057],"2819e2e","look back and I'm like, I could have done such a better job for them if they had just told me what the fuck was going on.",[5060,5061],{"_30":5049,"_16":3725,"_3726":5042},{"_30":5057,"_16":3725,"_3726":5062},"00:10:44.150",{"_30":5064,"_16":270,"_271":5065,"_279":5090,"_281":282},"896cdb346d17",[5066,5070,5074,5077,5082,5085],{"_30":5067,"_16":275,"_276":5068,"_146":3858},"96a26a1b5251",[5069,616],"cd4c2c9",{"_30":5071,"_16":275,"_276":5072,"_146":5073},"a2687072d006",[5069]," In the beginning, even when I started managing the team, I thought that I still had to be the best at everything. I",{"_30":5075,"_16":275,"_276":5076,"_146":3717},"3d14f9d12b47",[],{"_30":5078,"_16":275,"_276":5079,"_146":5081},"f0ce98fa0f4b",[5080],"23451fb","still had to know the entire code base and had to know how everything worked. And the only way that people would",{"_30":5083,"_16":275,"_276":5084,"_146":3717},"43b5d915d397",[],{"_30":5086,"_16":275,"_276":5087,"_146":5089},"0a12e9b0e567",[5088],"f24194f","respect me is if I were better than them. And that's not true.",[5091,5093,5095],{"_30":5069,"_16":3725,"_3726":5092},"00:10:55.990",{"_30":5080,"_16":3725,"_3726":5094},"00:11:04.710",{"_30":5088,"_16":3725,"_3726":5096},"00:11:10.750",{"_30":5098,"_16":270,"_271":5099,"_279":5137,"_281":2471},"e72e2fadff80",[5100,5105,5108,5113,5116,5121,5124,5129,5132],{"_30":5101,"_16":275,"_276":5102,"_146":5104},"944cb742b405",[5103],"24b3813","It turns out that people need",{"_30":5106,"_16":275,"_276":5107,"_146":3717},"a2d26acc4c4a",[],{"_30":5109,"_16":275,"_276":5110,"_146":5112},"d3d6c2f5918b",[5111],"68edc2c","clarity on what their role is and what they're supposed to be doing. They also need to understand how they",{"_30":5114,"_16":275,"_276":5115,"_146":3717},"253c5a89133c",[],{"_30":5117,"_16":275,"_276":5118,"_146":5120},"cc102910f025",[5119],"75f9356","contribute to the bigger picture of what you're trying to accomplish. They need to be listened to and to feel seen",{"_30":5122,"_16":275,"_276":5123,"_146":3717},"63a00f2bce28",[],{"_30":5125,"_16":275,"_276":5126,"_146":5128},"0262b76c01fa",[5127],"c31b33d","by the people that they are working for and with. And none of those things have anything to do with computers. And",{"_30":5130,"_16":275,"_276":5131,"_146":3717},"f51339649b8f",[],{"_30":5133,"_16":275,"_276":5134,"_146":5136},"9566cd5a3087",[5135],"1badcf1","if you try to do all of that, on top of being the best engineer at the company, it's not possible.",[5138,5139,5141,5143,5145],{"_30":5103,"_16":3725,"_3726":5096},{"_30":5111,"_16":3725,"_3726":5140},"00:11:24.640",{"_30":5119,"_16":3725,"_3726":5142},"00:11:30.740",{"_30":5127,"_16":3725,"_3726":5144},"00:11:38.580",{"_30":5135,"_16":3725,"_3726":5146},"00:11:47.740",{"_30":5148,"_16":270,"_271":5149,"_279":5166,"_281":282},"519457e0d246",[5150,5154,5158,5161],{"_30":5151,"_16":275,"_276":5152,"_146":3843},"65a741774416",[5153,616],"42e83ed",{"_30":5155,"_16":275,"_276":5156,"_146":5157},"42605e898e1b",[5153]," It's not possible. I've also seen so many people who became founders, who became engineering leaders and they try",{"_30":5159,"_16":275,"_276":5160,"_146":3717},"cc333583b97c",[],{"_30":5162,"_16":275,"_276":5163,"_146":5165},"efea89f3f80b",[5164],"88db7c9","so hard to not fail people in the way that they were failed, which is a good thing. But they overcorrect, right?",[5167,5169],{"_30":5153,"_16":3725,"_3726":5168},"00:11:56.860",{"_30":5164,"_16":3725,"_3726":5170},"00:12:10.380",{"_30":5172,"_16":270,"_271":5173,"_279":5195,"_281":2471},"83bc55ad62ca",[5174,5179,5182,5187,5190],{"_30":5175,"_16":275,"_276":5176,"_146":5178},"8413c3b3f9c3",[5177],"2c232f7","If you're working at an early stage startup, it's risky. You can't",{"_30":5180,"_16":275,"_276":5181,"_146":3717},"cf15bd15193e",[],{"_30":5183,"_16":275,"_276":5184,"_146":5186},"35ae8a9c3e1d",[5185],"b2f3092","protect people from that risk. And the best you can do is be straightforward with them that we're doing this risky",{"_30":5188,"_16":275,"_276":5189,"_146":3717},"283cbfe03000",[],{"_30":5191,"_16":275,"_276":5192,"_146":5194},"ff12d56deccb",[5193],"0303e11","thing together and we'll do our best to get through it together.",[5196,5198,5200],{"_30":5177,"_16":3725,"_3726":5197},"00:12:19.500",{"_30":5185,"_16":3725,"_3726":5199},"00:12:26.420",{"_30":5193,"_16":3725,"_3726":5201},"00:12:32.380",{"_30":5203,"_16":270,"_271":5204,"_279":5226,"_281":282},"d6c9654e5dc5",[5205,5210,5213,5218,5221],{"_30":5206,"_16":275,"_276":5207,"_146":5209},"c59edc7094b2",[5208],"ac95bfd","And clear is kind. The most unkind thing you can do",{"_30":5211,"_16":275,"_276":5212,"_146":3717},"ebb7322e7090",[],{"_30":5214,"_16":275,"_276":5215,"_146":5217},"b57cc1d5bb1b",[5216],"06ce0cc","is not tell someone when they're fucking up and just kind of like string them along or kind of give them mealy mouse",{"_30":5219,"_16":275,"_276":5220,"_146":3717},"eb0c499aa233",[],{"_30":5222,"_16":275,"_276":5223,"_146":5225},"3064d90f3135",[5224],"d2b3b16","answers. So many people when trying to be kind, actually just like muddy the waters and it's not kind.",[5227,5228,5230],{"_30":5208,"_16":3725,"_3726":5201},{"_30":5216,"_16":3725,"_3726":5229},"00:12:39.020",{"_30":5224,"_16":3725,"_3726":5231},"00:12:45.780",{"_30":5233,"_16":270,"_271":5234,"_279":5238,"_281":282},"6c90ae8f8e72",[5235],{"_30":5236,"_16":275,"_276":5237,"_146":450},"e479f5a52bfc",[],[],{"_30":5240,"_16":270,"_271":5241,"_279":5246,"_281":354},"3d6510ec9004",[5242],{"_30":5243,"_16":275,"_276":5244,"_146":5245},"8d39d02ed5fd",[],"Habits and Actions Shape Company Culture",[],{"_30":5248,"_16":270,"_271":5249,"_279":5253,"_281":282},"ecee427f52d5",[5250],{"_30":5251,"_16":275,"_276":5252,"_146":450},"4c9c8b22facf",[],[],{"_30":5255,"_16":270,"_271":5256,"_279":5273,"_281":282},"444fa119bad7",[5257,5261,5265,5268],{"_30":5258,"_16":275,"_276":5259,"_146":3828},"e87dcfb96fc2",[5260,616],"bebf307",{"_30":5262,"_16":275,"_276":5263,"_146":5264},"772051902352",[5260]," When did you first recognize that your habits and your actions and your behavior shaped the company culture? Were they",{"_30":5266,"_16":275,"_276":5267,"_146":3717},"57df930b324d",[],{"_30":5269,"_16":275,"_276":5270,"_146":5272},"84f224ed759a",[5271],"0faa9bf","shaping the kind of culture that you wanted? Did you have to change?",[5274,5276],{"_30":5260,"_16":3725,"_3726":5275},"00:12:54.280",{"_30":5271,"_16":3725,"_3726":5277},"00:13:02.480",{"_30":5279,"_16":270,"_271":5280,"_279":5310,"_281":282},"062554467783",[5281,5285,5289,5294,5297,5302,5305],{"_30":5282,"_16":275,"_276":5283,"_146":3843},"a220311b9d4a",[5284,616],"ab9cb6b",{"_30":5286,"_16":275,"_276":5287,"_146":5288},"e51c8cda6645",[5284]," I mean for me, I had real bad sleep problems that I didn't know I had. I've struggled my entire adult life with irregular",{"_30":5290,"_16":275,"_276":5291,"_146":5293},"9f60f91169a0",[5292],"c48bee2"," sleep and medication is great. Better living through chemistry is what I am all about. But it's",{"_30":5295,"_16":275,"_276":5296,"_146":3717},"aea97a945a15",[],{"_30":5298,"_16":275,"_276":5299,"_146":5301},"f624bf1eca40",[5300],"118f7a9","not just what you say you care about, it's also how you behave. And if you're just strung out and at the office",{"_30":5303,"_16":275,"_276":5304,"_146":3717},"0e2a1c68e765",[],{"_30":5306,"_16":275,"_276":5307,"_146":5309},"3879b844aabf",[5308],"280b9a4","at all hours, nobody can chill, nobody can relax.",[5311,5313,5315,5317],{"_30":5284,"_16":3725,"_3726":5312},"00:13:08.520",{"_30":5292,"_16":3725,"_3726":5314},"00:13:15.240",{"_30":5300,"_16":3725,"_3726":5316},"00:13:26.790",{"_30":5308,"_16":3725,"_3726":5318},"00:13:31.749",{"_30":5320,"_16":270,"_271":5321,"_279":5359,"_281":282},"dc8fe37f7c16",[5322,5327,5330,5335,5338,5343,5346,5351,5354],{"_30":5323,"_16":275,"_276":5324,"_146":5326},"6c96a4911bb4",[5325],"e1d61a5","And I think a lot of people, they become adults, and then they",{"_30":5328,"_16":275,"_276":5329,"_146":3717},"520d8ca7a72d",[],{"_30":5331,"_16":275,"_276":5332,"_146":5334},"b55999cd002a",[5333],"00681a2","become parents, and then they learn about how the things that they do actually affect all these people. And I don't",{"_30":5336,"_16":275,"_276":5337,"_146":3717},"79e182cb58da",[],{"_30":5339,"_16":275,"_276":5340,"_146":5342},"ab00f3d8956d",[5341],"60dbe2c","really like to use this metaphor because I think it's a little bit demeaning or something, but I feel",{"_30":5344,"_16":275,"_276":5345,"_146":3717},"d0a7e23b1609",[],{"_30":5347,"_16":275,"_276":5348,"_146":5350},"dfbc5bb29e87",[5349],"4d8a407","like that process for me was startups just realizing how attuned people are to the behavior and the practices of the",{"_30":5352,"_16":275,"_276":5353,"_146":3717},"34940db1d38e",[],{"_30":5355,"_16":275,"_276":5356,"_146":5358},"b4671eb0d0a2",[5357],"9d85551","people above.",[5360,5361,5363,5365,5367],{"_30":5325,"_16":3725,"_3726":5318},{"_30":5333,"_16":3725,"_3726":5362},"00:13:41.230",{"_30":5341,"_16":3725,"_3726":5364},"00:13:46.330",{"_30":5349,"_16":3725,"_3726":5366},"00:13:52.050",{"_30":5357,"_16":3725,"_3726":5368},"00:13:58.810",{"_30":5370,"_16":270,"_271":5371,"_279":5385,"_281":282},"a7ca96785ef3",[5372,5377,5380],{"_30":5373,"_16":275,"_276":5374,"_146":5376},"9521beecdf92",[5375],"f9a5670","We're monkeys, right? And we're very tuned to hierarchy. And it reflected my bad habits back to me in a",{"_30":5378,"_16":275,"_276":5379,"_146":3717},"5d2cf42be894",[],{"_30":5381,"_16":275,"_276":5382,"_146":5384},"9d791939b3aa",[5383],"561f06d","way that I did not find complementary. And so I had to change them.",[5386,5387],{"_30":5375,"_16":3725,"_3726":5368},{"_30":5383,"_16":3725,"_3726":5388},"00:14:06.170",{"_30":5390,"_16":270,"_271":5391,"_279":5400,"_281":282},"5557843d6d4e",[5392,5396],{"_30":5393,"_16":275,"_276":5394,"_146":3828},"2dc8108f2eeb",[5395,616],"b21696e",{"_30":5397,"_16":275,"_276":5398,"_146":5399},"0de8ab47d617",[5395]," So what did you do?",[5401],{"_30":5395,"_16":3725,"_3726":5402},"00:14:10.630",{"_30":5404,"_16":270,"_271":5405,"_279":5422,"_281":282},"0d995c54f1c5",[5406,5410,5414,5417],{"_30":5407,"_16":275,"_276":5408,"_146":3843},"03b6d7587f28",[5409,616],"23c9ddf",{"_30":5411,"_16":275,"_276":5412,"_146":5413},"9036332ea04c",[5409]," I got a therapist. I got medicated. I read a lot of books. I wrote a lot of blog posts. Some of you may have",{"_30":5415,"_16":275,"_276":5416,"_146":3717},"6009d71c9caf",[],{"_30":5418,"_16":275,"_276":5419,"_146":5421},"838f25243893",[5420],"c0b4e0c","read some of them.",[5423,5425],{"_30":5409,"_16":3725,"_3726":5424},"00:14:11.860",{"_30":5420,"_16":3725,"_3726":5426},"00:14:20.950",{"_30":5428,"_16":270,"_271":5429,"_279":5451,"_281":282},"61c248565c7a",[5430,5435,5438,5443,5446],{"_30":5431,"_16":275,"_276":5432,"_146":5434},"d2350f7ee038",[5433],"ccad44a","I've learned that I figure out my staunchest convictions by writing. Often I start",{"_30":5436,"_16":275,"_276":5437,"_146":3717},"3a95c571478d",[],{"_30":5439,"_16":275,"_276":5440,"_146":5442},"73c97298d11b",[5441],"ba75056","writing something, I'm just like, well, that doesn't actually make any sense, does it? I don't know that I can stand",{"_30":5444,"_16":275,"_276":5445,"_146":3717},"4297a281addc",[],{"_30":5447,"_16":275,"_276":5448,"_146":5450},"72a8312dce06",[5449],"3879a3f","behind this. When you see it in front of you, it's a lot starker.",[5452,5453,5455],{"_30":5433,"_16":3725,"_3726":5426},{"_30":5441,"_16":3725,"_3726":5454},"00:14:28.630",{"_30":5449,"_16":3725,"_3726":5456},"00:14:33.190",{"_30":5458,"_16":270,"_271":5459,"_279":5481,"_281":282},"40a18dc6611d",[5460,5465,5468,5473,5476],{"_30":5461,"_16":275,"_276":5462,"_146":5464},"86a9b9920d5f",[5463],"3623d93","And I feel like a lot of the convictions that I",{"_30":5466,"_16":275,"_276":5467,"_146":3717},"4933d4c609b6",[],{"_30":5469,"_16":275,"_276":5470,"_146":5472},"7b78b1edda68",[5471],"fdccb51","have in my life, I've gotten to because I started writing about them and I got some place that I was like, \"oh, yeah, I",{"_30":5474,"_16":275,"_276":5475,"_146":3717},"622dcd9533e5",[],{"_30":5477,"_16":275,"_276":5478,"_146":5480},"41595684c2ae",[5479],"c28d78e","believe this.\"",[5482,5483,5485],{"_30":5463,"_16":3725,"_3726":5456},{"_30":5471,"_16":3725,"_3726":5484},"00:14:38.100",{"_30":5479,"_16":3725,"_3726":5486},"00:14:44.340",{"_30":5488,"_16":270,"_271":5489,"_279":5514,"_281":282},"0e1f44d65469",[5490,5494,5498,5501,5506,5509],{"_30":5491,"_16":275,"_276":5492,"_146":3858},"df59de548e59",[5493,616],"9e36b24",{"_30":5495,"_16":275,"_276":5496,"_146":5497},"f3416e046f8e",[5493]," One thing that I noticed was that, when I showed up to work in a bad mood or cranky, people started worrying",{"_30":5499,"_16":275,"_276":5500,"_146":3717},"a58bbcef20be",[],{"_30":5502,"_16":275,"_276":5503,"_146":5505},"9249eb0aa0d7",[5504],"f75f96f","about the company. They were like, \"Is something wrong? Are our investors mad at us? Are we going to run out of money?",{"_30":5507,"_16":275,"_276":5508,"_146":3717},"4b82b5547c7b",[],{"_30":5510,"_16":275,"_276":5511,"_146":5513},"254c00d1b27e",[5512],"af2619e","Like, what's happening?\"",[5515,5517,5519],{"_30":5493,"_16":3725,"_3726":5516},"00:14:47.700",{"_30":5504,"_16":3725,"_3726":5518},"00:14:57.660",{"_30":5512,"_16":3725,"_3726":5520},"00:15:03.500",{"_30":5522,"_16":270,"_271":5523,"_279":5542,"_281":282},"514b9d7cb724",[5524,5529,5534,5537],{"_30":5525,"_16":275,"_276":5526,"_146":5528},"520652812805",[5527],"64d380f","And, it was really stressful and shocking to realize that people were",{"_30":5530,"_16":275,"_276":5531,"_146":5533},"1e3cdfb3d864",[5532],"52f6f9e"," reading all sorts of crazy things into just having a bad day. And I think they really",{"_30":5535,"_16":275,"_276":5536,"_146":3717},"5f83dc735320",[],{"_30":5538,"_16":275,"_276":5539,"_146":5541},"5690fc5961d0",[5540],"d353c78","just painted this picture of how powerful you are as a founder.",[5543,5544,5546],{"_30":5527,"_16":3725,"_3726":5520},{"_30":5532,"_16":3725,"_3726":5545},"00:15:11.150",{"_30":5540,"_16":3725,"_3726":5547},"00:15:20.710",{"_30":5549,"_16":270,"_271":5550,"_279":5572,"_281":2471},"80f8ba94dd94",[5551,5556,5559,5564,5567],{"_30":5552,"_16":275,"_276":5553,"_146":5555},"c936bf1a1759",[5554],"6d773aa","We're all highly",{"_30":5557,"_16":275,"_276":5558,"_146":3717},"3740a9662244",[],{"_30":5560,"_16":275,"_276":5561,"_146":5563},"2230f1987361",[5562],"57adb9f","mimetic creatures. We copy what is around us and what we see from the people who are in",{"_30":5565,"_16":275,"_276":5566,"_146":3717},"fe21676d7e9a",[],{"_30":5568,"_16":275,"_276":5569,"_146":5571},"0c8dbcb398cb",[5570],"05d47fb","leadership positions. I learned that taking care of yourself is a part of taking care of the company.",[5573,5574,5576],{"_30":5554,"_16":3725,"_3726":5547},{"_30":5562,"_16":3725,"_3726":5575},"00:15:28.630",{"_30":5570,"_16":3725,"_3726":5577},"00:15:35.960",{"_30":5579,"_16":270,"_271":5580,"_279":5618,"_281":282},"01f1b267ba8e",[5581,5586,5589,5594,5597,5602,5605,5610,5613],{"_30":5582,"_16":275,"_276":5583,"_146":5585},"f176bce3717e",[5584],"f467987","Because",{"_30":5587,"_16":275,"_276":5588,"_146":3717},"fb8004f014f9",[],{"_30":5590,"_16":275,"_276":5591,"_146":5593},"53dbac686b54",[5592],"6e4dad3","when you show up and you're not in a good state, everybody fucking can tell and it stresses them out. People",{"_30":5595,"_16":275,"_276":5596,"_146":3717},"f248d271ff5d",[],{"_30":5598,"_16":275,"_276":5599,"_146":5601},"7a9e8481ca8b",[5600],"4104faf","get less work done when they're worried about whatever is going on with you. And so it was really important for me",{"_30":5603,"_16":275,"_276":5604,"_146":3717},"10d5272f1f28",[],{"_30":5606,"_16":275,"_276":5607,"_146":5609},"58e7522cf9b6",[5608],"c05081b","to learn, and self-explore, what do I need in order to show up with my best self for my team and for my company? Because",{"_30":5611,"_16":275,"_276":5612,"_146":3717},"c8246e71abbe",[],{"_30":5614,"_16":275,"_276":5615,"_146":5617},"ade40ef364e9",[5616],"c8e12ba","if I didn't do that then it's wasting my time. I might as well just take a sick day.",[5619,5620,5622,5624,5626],{"_30":5584,"_16":3725,"_3726":5577},{"_30":5592,"_16":3725,"_3726":5621},"00:15:45.160",{"_30":5600,"_16":3725,"_3726":5623},"00:15:53.440",{"_30":5608,"_16":3725,"_3726":5625},"00:16:00.850",{"_30":5616,"_16":3725,"_3726":5627},"00:16:10.250",{"_30":5629,"_16":270,"_271":5630,"_279":5655,"_281":282},"d5b284fb5272",[5631,5635,5639,5642,5647,5650],{"_30":5632,"_16":275,"_276":5633,"_146":3843},"2675319609b4",[5634,616],"c654a02",{"_30":5636,"_16":275,"_276":5637,"_146":5638},"af2f7e4dd183",[5634]," Yeah. I firmly believe that self awareness is the cornerstone of all other virtues. If you don't know yourself and",{"_30":5640,"_16":275,"_276":5641,"_146":3717},"e7cc7ebba480",[],{"_30":5643,"_16":275,"_276":5644,"_146":5646},"7eb7eaecc574",[5645],"75e2bf1","understand yourself, if you can't diagnose or debug when you yourself are in crisis or in pain or frustrated or whatever,",{"_30":5648,"_16":275,"_276":5649,"_146":3717},"44c5128b5c89",[],{"_30":5651,"_16":275,"_276":5652,"_146":5654},"b25a58a2f3d0",[5653],"91ef361","everything else is performative, if you can't connect it to what's actually going on.",[5656,5658,5660],{"_30":5634,"_16":3725,"_3726":5657},"00:16:16.810",{"_30":5645,"_16":3725,"_3726":5659},"00:16:23.970",{"_30":5653,"_16":3725,"_3726":5661},"00:16:30.150",{"_30":5663,"_16":270,"_271":5664,"_279":5668,"_281":282},"bb2d1bfece44",[5665],{"_30":5666,"_16":275,"_276":5667,"_146":450},"9dd8bb44d584",[],[],{"_30":5670,"_16":270,"_271":5671,"_279":5676,"_281":354},"862dee30604f",[5672],{"_30":5673,"_16":275,"_276":5674,"_146":5675},"46331b5fe61e",[],"Coaching, Blind Spots, and Go-to-Market Lessons",[],{"_30":5678,"_16":270,"_271":5679,"_279":5683,"_281":282},"e78191098781",[5680],{"_30":5681,"_16":275,"_276":5682,"_146":450},"e578c69dd396",[],[],{"_30":5685,"_16":270,"_271":5686,"_279":5695,"_281":282},"acc7897cdc57",[5687,5691],{"_30":5688,"_16":275,"_276":5689,"_146":3828},"be50124aa94a",[5690,616],"009e4dd",{"_30":5692,"_16":275,"_276":5693,"_146":5694},"874b5a290d29",[5690]," How do you make use of coaching and therapy to achieve that state of self knowledge?",[5696],{"_30":5690,"_16":3725,"_3726":5697},"00:16:36.230",{"_30":5699,"_16":270,"_271":5700,"_279":5725,"_281":282},"af875d9ab630",[5701,5705,5709,5712,5717,5720],{"_30":5702,"_16":275,"_276":5703,"_146":3843},"a20e705014b6",[5704,616],"c52c2f9",{"_30":5706,"_16":275,"_276":5707,"_146":5708},"fe33857296d0",[5704]," Nothing lasts forever. Like you have to keep trying different things. Right? Something will work for three months or",{"_30":5710,"_16":275,"_276":5711,"_146":3717},"87e352b57955",[],{"_30":5713,"_16":275,"_276":5714,"_146":5716},"693d50f4b25c",[5715],"440cfcc","four months or six months or maybe a year. And then you have to find something new because if you're lucky enough to",{"_30":5718,"_16":275,"_276":5719,"_146":3717},"77662f7adf41",[],{"_30":5721,"_16":275,"_276":5722,"_146":5724},"96924edb1d0f",[5723],"42c71a2","survive, you have a constant steady stream of new problems coming in.",[5726,5728,5730],{"_30":5704,"_16":3725,"_3726":5727},"00:16:41.510",{"_30":5715,"_16":3725,"_3726":5729},"00:16:45.710",{"_30":5723,"_16":3725,"_3726":5731},"00:16:50.910",{"_30":5733,"_16":270,"_271":5734,"_279":5759,"_281":282},"66a6b66ef9df",[5735,5739,5743,5746,5751,5754],{"_30":5736,"_16":275,"_276":5737,"_146":3858},"bfa730b33538",[5738,616],"591c369",{"_30":5740,"_16":275,"_276":5741,"_146":5742},"28d007d7601f",[5738]," Yeah, for me, I think there's a few different things that were really impactful for me. I personally never found",{"_30":5744,"_16":275,"_276":5745,"_146":3717},"d914cdeb4726",[],{"_30":5747,"_16":275,"_276":5748,"_146":5750},"d4f50895ea04",[5749],"7b650c4","that like having like a personal therapist really helped me at work. Like if I had like a",{"_30":5752,"_16":275,"_276":5753,"_146":3717},"cb3a7bb0afe4",[],{"_30":5755,"_16":275,"_276":5756,"_146":5758},"8a13cbdd86c8",[5757],"a5667fe","relationship problem, yeah, I like went and saw a therapist for that.",[5760,5762,5764],{"_30":5738,"_16":3725,"_3726":5761},"00:16:57.720",{"_30":5749,"_16":3725,"_3726":5763},"00:17:04.680",{"_30":5757,"_16":3725,"_3726":5765},"00:17:10.560",{"_30":5767,"_16":270,"_271":5768,"_279":5777,"_281":282},"1b8abfe277da",[5769,5773],{"_30":5770,"_16":275,"_276":5771,"_146":3843},"748841dca8b5",[5772,616],"2b301e3",{"_30":5774,"_16":275,"_276":5775,"_146":5776},"7d488a54f7e3",[5772]," Did you ever do co-founder coaching?",[5778],{"_30":5772,"_16":3725,"_3726":5779},"00:17:13.680",{"_30":5781,"_16":270,"_271":5782,"_279":5807,"_281":282},"305ab189b15e",[5783,5787,5791,5794,5799,5802],{"_30":5784,"_16":275,"_276":5785,"_146":3858},"e7533af7d7f6",[5786,616],"99a6be0",{"_30":5788,"_16":275,"_276":5789,"_146":5790},"e10b99381fce",[5786]," Yeah. So I was gonna say, there's just a lot of stuff around being a startup founder that is very",{"_30":5792,"_16":275,"_276":5793,"_146":3717},"0ce6aff2a6d2",[],{"_30":5795,"_16":275,"_276":5796,"_146":5798},"c47489e81b3b",[5797],"a694535","specialized and talking to somebody who doesn't have any experience with this particular thing that we're all doing",{"_30":5800,"_16":275,"_276":5801,"_146":3717},"d34f8cc1db60",[],{"_30":5803,"_16":275,"_276":5804,"_146":5806},"66770a0f6db6",[5805],"3012c1e","here, you just end up having to download a lot of context.",[5808,5810,5812],{"_30":5786,"_16":3725,"_3726":5809},"00:17:17.480",{"_30":5797,"_16":3725,"_3726":5811},"00:17:26.480",{"_30":5805,"_16":3725,"_3726":5813},"00:17:33.840",{"_30":5815,"_16":270,"_271":5816,"_279":5838,"_281":282},"7288df3391cf",[5817,5822,5825,5830,5833],{"_30":5818,"_16":275,"_276":5819,"_146":5821},"f389d830e483",[5820],"6be16ef","And the great thing is that there's this actually",{"_30":5823,"_16":275,"_276":5824,"_146":3717},"0bce4c54469b",[],{"_30":5826,"_16":275,"_276":5827,"_146":5829},"ba2a9040eb50",[5828],"d57a944","pretty big ecosystem at this point of coaches who have specific experience working with people who are building startups",{"_30":5831,"_16":275,"_276":5832,"_146":3717},"ab7668d2d5e3",[],{"_30":5834,"_16":275,"_276":5835,"_146":5837},"2b873cd06961",[5836],"8816cfe","and companies. And you just find one of those and interview some.",[5839,5840,5842],{"_30":5820,"_16":3725,"_3726":5813},{"_30":5828,"_16":3725,"_3726":5841},"00:17:41.040",{"_30":5836,"_16":3725,"_3726":5843},"00:17:47.640",{"_30":5845,"_16":270,"_271":5846,"_279":5868,"_281":282},"12c14b0766e1",[5847,5852,5855,5860,5863],{"_30":5848,"_16":275,"_276":5849,"_146":5851},"7390dbfc0805",[5850],"10b481c","It's just like hiring any other role where you got to",{"_30":5853,"_16":275,"_276":5854,"_146":3717},"119c5f3490b7",[],{"_30":5856,"_16":275,"_276":5857,"_146":5859},"9d94f980728b",[5858],"907e777","find somebody who works for you. And me and my co-founder actually jointly hired an executive coach for both of us",{"_30":5861,"_16":275,"_276":5862,"_146":3717},"aab9bec41c9e",[],{"_30":5864,"_16":275,"_276":5865,"_146":5867},"810c7f9e24ae",[5866],"a019be2","who we saw for a year.",[5869,5870,5872],{"_30":5850,"_16":3725,"_3726":5843},{"_30":5858,"_16":3725,"_3726":5871},"00:17:53.900",{"_30":5866,"_16":3725,"_3726":5873},"00:18:02.300",{"_30":5875,"_16":270,"_271":5876,"_279":5885,"_281":282},"ea4c493678fc",[5877,5881],{"_30":5878,"_16":275,"_276":5879,"_146":3843},"ce4210030cf9",[5880,616],"ad01c6a",{"_30":5882,"_16":275,"_276":5883,"_146":5884},"edd655549742",[5880]," They're all so expensive it will make you gag. But remember, your VCs are paying for it.",[5886],{"_30":5880,"_16":3725,"_3726":5887},"00:18:04.780",{"_30":5889,"_16":270,"_271":5890,"_279":5915,"_281":282},"0ab290e10cbb",[5891,5895,5899,5902,5907,5910],{"_30":5892,"_16":275,"_276":5893,"_146":3858},"720bda8af794",[5894,616],"882a991",{"_30":5896,"_16":275,"_276":5897,"_146":5898},"9dec009152bf",[5894]," Yeah, it seemed like an insane amount of money. I'm like, there's no way that this is a good use of money, but it",{"_30":5900,"_16":275,"_276":5901,"_146":3717},"427117d21e71",[],{"_30":5903,"_16":275,"_276":5904,"_146":5906},"c1dd646219df",[5905],"c02f561","was so worth it. Like Charity mentioned, your co-founder is the person you're going to be spending like",{"_30":5908,"_16":275,"_276":5909,"_146":3717},"0627089dd091",[],{"_30":5911,"_16":275,"_276":5912,"_146":5914},"8e42190f2066",[5913],"9358131","more hours of your life with than anybody else.",[5916,5918,5920],{"_30":5894,"_16":3725,"_3726":5917},"00:18:09.260",{"_30":5905,"_16":3725,"_3726":5919},"00:18:14.900",{"_30":5913,"_16":3725,"_3726":5921},"00:18:23.020",{"_30":5923,"_16":270,"_271":5924,"_279":5933,"_281":282},"a2e2416b3d0a",[5925,5929],{"_30":5926,"_16":275,"_276":5927,"_146":3843},"4f56cdf3d687",[5928,616],"5414600",{"_30":5930,"_16":275,"_276":5931,"_146":5932},"9cf32ea0f5bf",[5928]," I don't know how anyone does this shit without a co-founder. Honestly, even the bad ones are better than nothing.",[5934],{"_30":5928,"_16":3725,"_3726":5935},"00:18:25.500",{"_30":5937,"_16":270,"_271":5938,"_279":5951,"_281":282},"6ab970048df7",[5939,5943,5947],{"_30":5940,"_16":275,"_276":5941,"_146":3858},"45401c02ffde",[5942,616],"80895b5",{"_30":5944,"_16":275,"_276":5945,"_146":5946},"414d35971c83",[5942]," Yeah. So like you're in the boat, you're rowing, you're bailing, there's all sorts of shit happening",{"_30":5948,"_16":275,"_276":5949,"_146":2857},"6c9c04e0bfcf",[5950],"b638ae5",[5952,5954],{"_30":5942,"_16":3725,"_3726":5953},"00:18:31.220",{"_30":5950,"_16":3725,"_3726":5955},"00:18:37.820",{"_30":5957,"_16":270,"_271":5958,"_279":5967,"_281":282},"3f116b662e6b",[5959,5963],{"_30":5960,"_16":275,"_276":5961,"_146":3843},"1a373d3d556b",[5962,616],"14b95c1",{"_30":5964,"_16":275,"_276":5965,"_146":5966},"3647cb974803",[5962]," Your partner doesn't want to hear about it.",[5968],{"_30":5962,"_16":3725,"_3726":5969},"00:18:38.140",{"_30":5971,"_16":270,"_271":5972,"_279":5997,"_281":282},"ad50feed7a31",[5973,5977,5981,5984,5989,5992],{"_30":5974,"_16":275,"_276":5975,"_146":3858},"e157aaf1d815",[5976,616],"2f93e28",{"_30":5978,"_16":275,"_276":5979,"_146":5980},"9660d8370d03",[5976]," Yeah, they have no fucking idea what it's like. And having a coach that both me and my co-founder had, both helped",{"_30":5982,"_16":275,"_276":5983,"_146":3717},"0014cd772766",[],{"_30":5985,"_16":275,"_276":5986,"_146":5988},"0f482e6c840c",[5987],"ea7a678","us be more self aware about ourselves but also really helped us like get to know each other a lot better and develop",{"_30":5990,"_16":275,"_276":5991,"_146":3717},"14eeffe317fd",[],{"_30":5993,"_16":275,"_276":5994,"_146":5996},"1937ec566ba6",[5995],"3e102d2","a really high bandwidth communication and trust.",[5998,6000,6002],{"_30":5976,"_16":3725,"_3726":5999},"00:18:39.220",{"_30":5987,"_16":3725,"_3726":6001},"00:18:48.140",{"_30":5995,"_16":3725,"_3726":6003},"00:18:56.190",{"_30":6005,"_16":270,"_271":6006,"_279":6028,"_281":2471},"b91619c21e09",[6007,6012,6015,6020,6023],{"_30":6008,"_16":275,"_276":6009,"_146":6011},"19234e6247fa",[6010],"ba1ce0a","We both started the",{"_30":6013,"_16":275,"_276":6014,"_146":3717},"cd1f6b9f0388",[],{"_30":6016,"_16":275,"_276":6017,"_146":6019},"9edb1c9420c0",[6018],"a0f021f","company when we were pretty young. You grow up a lot as a part of growing a",{"_30":6021,"_16":275,"_276":6022,"_146":3717},"7c33bb8c9060",[],{"_30":6024,"_16":275,"_276":6025,"_146":6027},"031d99793eb9",[6026],"91e0037","business. And executive coaching, if you find somebody who's actually good, can really help you with that.",[6029,6030,6032],{"_30":6010,"_16":3725,"_3726":6003},{"_30":6018,"_16":3725,"_3726":6031},"00:19:02.710",{"_30":6026,"_16":3725,"_3726":6033},"00:19:10.150",{"_30":6035,"_16":270,"_271":6036,"_279":6053,"_281":282},"29cdb07b8573",[6037,6041,6045,6048],{"_30":6038,"_16":275,"_276":6039,"_146":3843},"108c1fc51c86",[6040,616],"6a8c0ad",{"_30":6042,"_16":275,"_276":6043,"_146":6044},"433e8145deb4",[6040]," Yeah, but fire fast. A lot of these fuckers can just talk and talk and talk and talk and if you're not getting",{"_30":6046,"_16":275,"_276":6047,"_146":3717},"97408f54f072",[],{"_30":6049,"_16":275,"_276":6050,"_146":6052},"52a3979a46b7",[6051],"247df1e","along after a session or two, you're not going to get along after that.",[6054,6056],{"_30":6040,"_16":3725,"_3726":6055},"00:19:16.230",{"_30":6051,"_16":3725,"_3726":6057},"00:19:21.280",{"_30":6059,"_16":270,"_271":6060,"_279":6069,"_281":282},"5bf2d53ddbf7",[6061,6065],{"_30":6062,"_16":275,"_276":6063,"_146":3858},"016fe02baefc",[6064,616],"e8a10b6",{"_30":6066,"_16":275,"_276":6067,"_146":6068},"bf5ff88e67b7",[6064]," If there's somebody who's going to be helpful for you, you'll know.",[6070],{"_30":6064,"_16":3725,"_3726":6071},"00:19:26.200",{"_30":6073,"_16":270,"_271":6074,"_279":6104,"_281":2471},"9709cbc6a910",[6075,6080,6083,6088,6091,6096,6099],{"_30":6076,"_16":275,"_276":6077,"_146":6079},"f2a7594d7786",[6078],"667d2ff","One thing that is going to help you in all sorts",{"_30":6081,"_16":275,"_276":6082,"_146":3717},"ffd357c9d19d",[],{"_30":6084,"_16":275,"_276":6085,"_146":6087},"227e93dc25df",[6086],"4614904","of ways in building a company is learning to trust yourself and to trust your gut because there's a lot of",{"_30":6089,"_16":275,"_276":6090,"_146":3717},"61032c40d542",[],{"_30":6092,"_16":275,"_276":6093,"_146":6095},"c6181209879f",[6094],"d5449dd","information in your body that's not verbal but if it's right, if it's the right next step, you're going",{"_30":6097,"_16":275,"_276":6098,"_146":3717},"c7124c0af9bc",[],{"_30":6100,"_16":275,"_276":6101,"_146":6103},"3e15fd815507",[6102],"94d9b60","to know.",[6105,6106,6108,6110],{"_30":6078,"_16":3725,"_3726":6071},{"_30":6086,"_16":3725,"_3726":6107},"00:19:34.120",{"_30":6094,"_16":3725,"_3726":6109},"00:19:40.840",{"_30":6102,"_16":3725,"_3726":6111},"00:19:47.970",{"_30":6113,"_16":270,"_271":6114,"_279":6139,"_281":282},"59d3823b6774",[6115,6119,6123,6126,6131,6134],{"_30":6116,"_16":275,"_276":6117,"_146":3843},"1651ce16515c",[6118,616],"92ae916",{"_30":6120,"_16":275,"_276":6121,"_146":6122},"30053bbfc542",[6118]," That is so true. I'm so glad you said that. You can tell when you're talking to someone but you're actually talking to",{"_30":6124,"_16":275,"_276":6125,"_146":3717},"ef7505caa801",[],{"_30":6127,"_16":275,"_276":6128,"_146":6130},"8df3dc39d89a",[6129],"10b6a6f","the last person that they were impressed with. Right? You know that you're talking to someone, you're like, oh, I think,",{"_30":6132,"_16":275,"_276":6133,"_146":3717},"6cea6576706a",[],{"_30":6135,"_16":275,"_276":6136,"_146":6138},"f9659e4151cd",[6137],"dce97e9","oh you just talked to so and so. Right?",[6140,6142,6144],{"_30":6118,"_16":3725,"_3726":6141},"00:19:48.490",{"_30":6129,"_16":3725,"_3726":6143},"00:19:54.730",{"_30":6137,"_16":3725,"_3726":6145},"00:20:00.409",{"_30":6147,"_16":270,"_271":6148,"_279":6170,"_281":282},"3f838b9bd74b",[6149,6154,6157,6162,6165],{"_30":6150,"_16":275,"_276":6151,"_146":6153},"f80169e1d44b",[6152],"87acb1a","Like honestly I think for Christine Yen, my co-founder, and myself, getting to a",{"_30":6155,"_16":275,"_276":6156,"_146":3717},"a2a46a52d99a",[],{"_30":6158,"_16":275,"_276":6159,"_146":6161},"462afdc310e4",[6160],"4e66db5","point where like you could trust that each other were synthesizing and reacting with something that they could",{"_30":6163,"_16":275,"_276":6164,"_146":3717},"eebd52c2cb16",[],{"_30":6166,"_16":275,"_276":6167,"_146":6169},"d774b7382bf7",[6168],"843d33c","stand behind was-- like it sounds so small but it's where you can rely on someone's gut or not is a pretty big deal.",[6171,6172,6174],{"_30":6152,"_16":3725,"_3726":6145},{"_30":6160,"_16":3725,"_3726":6173},"00:20:10.290",{"_30":6168,"_16":3725,"_3726":6175},"00:20:17.230",{"_30":6177,"_16":270,"_271":6178,"_279":6187,"_281":282},"532321dd1c74",[6179,6183],{"_30":6180,"_16":275,"_276":6181,"_146":3828},"7b10449e2454",[6182,616],"b14581a",{"_30":6184,"_16":275,"_276":6185,"_146":6186},"99dd5f0b43af",[6182]," What's a blind spot that you discovered coming out of being a technical IC and moving into leadership",[6188],{"_30":6182,"_16":3725,"_3726":6189},"00:20:25.510",{"_30":6191,"_16":270,"_271":6192,"_279":6217,"_281":282},"ba66e4010666",[6193,6197,6201,6204,6209,6212],{"_30":6194,"_16":275,"_276":6195,"_146":3843},"c81588c10280",[6196,616],"0b8111a",{"_30":6198,"_16":275,"_276":6199,"_146":6200},"1a00f22770ec",[6196]," Business. I didn't actually know the difference between sales and marketing when I started a company. I had not spent my whole",{"_30":6202,"_16":275,"_276":6203,"_146":3717},"96e927563ae9",[],{"_30":6205,"_16":275,"_276":6206,"_146":6208},"0b5f7e8b0faf",[6207],"4d6942d","career going, \"I want to be a founder when I grow up.\" It was totally on a whim. No one is more",{"_30":6210,"_16":275,"_276":6211,"_146":3717},"e2b5994a095e",[],{"_30":6213,"_16":275,"_276":6214,"_146":6216},"daf75baabce6",[6215],"d7f8249","surprised than I am that it's almost 10 years on and we're still doing this. I can't believe it. I didn't know.",[6218,6220,6222],{"_30":6196,"_16":3725,"_3726":6219},"00:20:36.950",{"_30":6207,"_16":3725,"_3726":6221},"00:20:42.600",{"_30":6215,"_16":3725,"_3726":6223},"00:20:49.280",{"_30":6225,"_16":270,"_271":6226,"_279":6255,"_281":282},"62eab0998083",[6227,6231,6234,6239,6242,6247,6250],{"_30":6228,"_16":275,"_276":6229,"_146":4983},"8f48ae787b78",[6230],"134f11e",{"_30":6232,"_16":275,"_276":6233,"_146":3717},"702b885de462",[],{"_30":6235,"_16":275,"_276":6236,"_146":6238},"e84fa1fbfc6a",[6237],"2cd4930","spent all this time trying to figure out how to talk about observability and how it's different. Turns out",{"_30":6240,"_16":275,"_276":6241,"_146":3717},"3c7d67ae03d3",[],{"_30":6243,"_16":275,"_276":6244,"_146":6246},"b2c9551dc905",[6245],"abb1b0a","what we were doing was called category creation. I was not aware of that. I didn't know categories existed actually. So",{"_30":6248,"_16":275,"_276":6249,"_146":3717},"0713addf2630",[],{"_30":6251,"_16":275,"_276":6252,"_146":6254},"5a897a1c4b1e",[6253],"de727b4","yeah, business was my blind spot.",[6256,6257,6259,6261],{"_30":6230,"_16":3725,"_3726":6223},{"_30":6237,"_16":3725,"_3726":6258},"00:20:56.599",{"_30":6245,"_16":3725,"_3726":6260},"00:21:01.240",{"_30":6253,"_16":3725,"_3726":6262},"00:21:06.840",{"_30":6264,"_16":270,"_271":6265,"_279":6290,"_281":282},"6172924125e7",[6266,6270,6274,6277,6282,6285],{"_30":6267,"_16":275,"_276":6268,"_146":3858},"34650c9fe069",[6269,616],"e12527e",{"_30":6271,"_16":275,"_276":6272,"_146":6273},"5c22d55be683",[6269]," I really identify with that. I mean, for me it was a little different because my co-founder was non technical and he ran",{"_30":6275,"_16":275,"_276":6276,"_146":3717},"3b24686a3579",[],{"_30":6278,"_16":275,"_276":6279,"_146":6281},"7403a0cfc57a",[6280],"85a6d20","all of sales and marketing for eight years. And when I had to jump in and do that, I had just been treating",{"_30":6283,"_16":275,"_276":6284,"_146":3717},"132ffb4a0ae5",[],{"_30":6286,"_16":275,"_276":6287,"_146":6289},"d80e360c4024",[6288],"f71c9e3","sales and marketing as magic for that entire time.",[6291,6293,6295],{"_30":6269,"_16":3725,"_3726":6292},"00:21:12.320",{"_30":6280,"_16":3725,"_3726":6294},"00:21:23.200",{"_30":6288,"_16":3725,"_3726":6296},"00:21:32.200",{"_30":6298,"_16":270,"_271":6299,"_279":6321,"_281":282},"7c6c3389cd31",[6300,6305,6308,6313,6316],{"_30":6301,"_16":275,"_276":6302,"_146":6304},"ddc21aae2f36",[6303],"f3e59f0","Like that's not my department. I have somebody really",{"_30":6306,"_16":275,"_276":6307,"_146":3717},"fc5533a0019d",[],{"_30":6309,"_16":275,"_276":6310,"_146":6312},"5b507dbf6602",[6311],"45931c4","competent who knows about this stuff, who's in charge of that. And I just put it in this box off to the",{"_30":6314,"_16":275,"_276":6315,"_146":3717},"a0eb2089b9ef",[],{"_30":6317,"_16":275,"_276":6318,"_146":6320},"7912e1b2a2e5",[6319],"66494be","side as like, I'm not thinking about that and like, that's not what I'm good at.",[6322,6323,6325],{"_30":6303,"_16":3725,"_3726":6296},{"_30":6311,"_16":3725,"_3726":6324},"00:21:38.620",{"_30":6319,"_16":3725,"_3726":6326},"00:21:44.900",{"_30":6328,"_16":270,"_271":6329,"_279":6351,"_281":282},"1cebb0c4fb40",[6330,6335,6338,6343,6346],{"_30":6331,"_16":275,"_276":6332,"_146":6334},"d9a5f4ef5720",[6333],"2f34268","And actually I've been really",{"_30":6336,"_16":275,"_276":6337,"_146":3717},"f4b92e866ba5",[],{"_30":6339,"_16":275,"_276":6340,"_146":6342},"1e679bff0449",[6341],"cb57645","having a lot of fun this last year because, sales and marketing aren't magic. Sales and marketing are systems.",{"_30":6344,"_16":275,"_276":6345,"_146":3717},"d86d1e8b5d4f",[],{"_30":6347,"_16":275,"_276":6348,"_146":6350},"7813cdaae2ef",[6349],"2ced45b","They have concepts that can be broken down, they're understandable.",[6352,6353,6355],{"_30":6333,"_16":3725,"_3726":6326},{"_30":6341,"_16":3725,"_3726":6354},"00:21:51.740",{"_30":6349,"_16":3725,"_3726":6356},"00:22:00.400",{"_30":6358,"_16":270,"_271":6359,"_279":6381,"_281":282},"266b83614152",[6360,6365,6368,6373,6376],{"_30":6361,"_16":275,"_276":6362,"_146":6364},"bf35b3bd9d28",[6363],"b2de3ef","And once I found the right people and resources",{"_30":6366,"_16":275,"_276":6367,"_146":3717},"b08dae1d46bc",[],{"_30":6369,"_16":275,"_276":6370,"_146":6372},"47bbd8ccaeda",[6371],"2c1d83f","to download that into my engineering brain, I was just like, \"oh, I don't have to be scared of this or say that's",{"_30":6374,"_16":275,"_276":6375,"_146":3717},"ea4b89995951",[],{"_30":6377,"_16":275,"_276":6378,"_146":6380},"b1ce72db40cc",[6379],"4a5fdfb","something that I don't understand and don't know how to do.\" Because, you can do anything.",[6382,6383,6385],{"_30":6363,"_16":3725,"_3726":6356},{"_30":6371,"_16":3725,"_3726":6384},"00:22:09.400",{"_30":6379,"_16":3725,"_3726":6386},"00:22:18.120",{"_30":6388,"_16":270,"_271":6389,"_279":6414,"_281":282},"e50d931d5fec",[6390,6394,6398,6401,6406,6409],{"_30":6391,"_16":275,"_276":6392,"_146":3843},"20004f6b340a",[6393,616],"772671f",{"_30":6395,"_16":275,"_276":6396,"_146":6397},"3c5af1deada4",[6393]," Giving yourself permission to understand something is such a game changer. And we see the reverse all the",{"_30":6399,"_16":275,"_276":6400,"_146":3717},"d91c2319453e",[],{"_30":6402,"_16":275,"_276":6403,"_146":6405},"d809e3974ee2",[6404],"d4dae95","time, right? We see people on the sales and marketing side who don't give themselves permission to understand",{"_30":6407,"_16":275,"_276":6408,"_146":3717},"c30efdd688e5",[],{"_30":6410,"_16":275,"_276":6411,"_146":6413},"4ae1c6433758",[6412],"3d91aa4","engineering.",[6415,6417,6419],{"_30":6393,"_16":3725,"_3726":6416},"00:22:24.760",{"_30":6404,"_16":3725,"_3726":6418},"00:22:29.990",{"_30":6412,"_16":3725,"_3726":6420},"00:22:34.590",{"_30":6422,"_16":270,"_271":6423,"_279":6445,"_281":282},"545d3262729d",[6424,6429,6432,6437,6440],{"_30":6425,"_16":275,"_276":6426,"_146":6428},"cf7479e4e3b2",[6427],"c6123a6","The difference between a metric, a log line and a trace is not that complicated, right? You can",{"_30":6430,"_16":275,"_276":6431,"_146":3717},"5f0c9f8c6636",[],{"_30":6433,"_16":275,"_276":6434,"_146":6436},"382868b32a3b",[6435],"c821b34","understand it if you give yourself permission to understand it. And I think the same goes in reverse. Like sales,",{"_30":6438,"_16":275,"_276":6439,"_146":3717},"6ae4473f2fc9",[],{"_30":6441,"_16":275,"_276":6442,"_146":6444},"41d5a656c4c3",[6443],"b51a4f9","marketing, they are systems, they're systems problems, right? We can understand them, we can get better at them.",[6446,6447,6449],{"_30":6427,"_16":3725,"_3726":6420},{"_30":6435,"_16":3725,"_3726":6448},"00:22:41.110",{"_30":6443,"_16":3725,"_3726":6450},"00:22:46.470",{"_30":6452,"_16":270,"_271":6453,"_279":6478,"_281":282},"c3e0b23f6406",[6454,6458,6462,6465,6470,6473],{"_30":6455,"_16":275,"_276":6456,"_146":3858},"6f574d07d5e0",[6457,616],"a8d259b",{"_30":6459,"_16":275,"_276":6460,"_146":6461},"c83e77ac0aa2",[6457]," Yeah, that's super funny because I had a sales leader once who like gave an example of a previous company he'd worked at",{"_30":6463,"_16":275,"_276":6464,"_146":3717},"4688caf01d8c",[],{"_30":6466,"_16":275,"_276":6467,"_146":6469},"64293ac44311",[6468],"4a9fc0f","where the founder there told them to like build an app with the like framework as a part of their onboarding. And he",{"_30":6471,"_16":275,"_276":6472,"_146":3717},"8ee859e0b9f6",[],{"_30":6474,"_16":275,"_276":6475,"_146":6477},"56036f1659c3",[6476],"c291e56","was like, \"I'm not gonna do that.\"",[6479,6481,6483],{"_30":6457,"_16":3725,"_3726":6480},"00:22:52.030",{"_30":6468,"_16":3725,"_3726":6482},"00:22:58.940",{"_30":6476,"_16":3725,"_3726":6484},"00:23:05.500",{"_30":6486,"_16":270,"_271":6487,"_279":6501,"_281":2471},"db4e404bcccf",[6488,6493,6496],{"_30":6489,"_16":275,"_276":6490,"_146":6492},"69f65b256206",[6491],"ae32a4f","It's really a lot about your mindset. If you're open to learning new",{"_30":6494,"_16":275,"_276":6495,"_146":3717},"d28ff299817b",[],{"_30":6497,"_16":275,"_276":6498,"_146":6500},"2f91515ce8c9",[6499],"3b6d05d","things, they don't have to be so intimidating.",[6502,6503],{"_30":6491,"_16":3725,"_3726":6484},{"_30":6499,"_16":3725,"_3726":6504},"00:23:12.340",{"_30":6506,"_16":270,"_271":6507,"_279":6532,"_281":282},"3dcbac0c4edc",[6508,6512,6516,6519,6524,6527],{"_30":6509,"_16":275,"_276":6510,"_146":3843},"5e462b8b3db8",[6511,616],"1f37b09",{"_30":6513,"_16":275,"_276":6514,"_146":6515},"016e69678af8",[6511]," Honestly, one of my favorite things to do in interviews for senior leaders is when they start talking me through how",{"_30":6517,"_16":275,"_276":6518,"_146":3717},"41ec1430f166",[],{"_30":6520,"_16":275,"_276":6521,"_146":6523},"dbcbcd7614fc",[6522],"a85cc4d","they would solve a hard problem. And it's like, oh, gosh, that sounds like how an engineer would do it. Oh, so you diagnose",{"_30":6525,"_16":275,"_276":6526,"_146":3717},"255e7bd25b1f",[],{"_30":6528,"_16":275,"_276":6529,"_146":6531},"c19f9540f84d",[6530],"c14bb9c","it, you look for options. You try this, you try. It's that systematic thinking.",[6533,6535,6537],{"_30":6511,"_16":3725,"_3726":6534},"00:23:14.260",{"_30":6522,"_16":3725,"_3726":6536},"00:23:20.300",{"_30":6530,"_16":3725,"_3726":6538},"00:23:25.740",{"_30":6540,"_16":270,"_271":6541,"_279":6550,"_281":282},"f98df0bb390b",[6542,6546],{"_30":6543,"_16":275,"_276":6544,"_146":3828},"4b2f8f2f3af5",[6545,616],"e306913",{"_30":6547,"_16":275,"_276":6548,"_146":6549},"1b4b3dea8801",[6545]," So what was the hardest part about switching between the CTO and CEO roles when you did it? What was the low point?",[6551],{"_30":6545,"_16":3725,"_3726":6552},"00:23:31.940",{"_30":6554,"_16":270,"_271":6555,"_279":6559,"_281":282},"3c65e580caa2",[6556],{"_30":6557,"_16":275,"_276":6558,"_146":450},"f8c9fc4b8e01",[],[],{"_30":6561,"_16":270,"_271":6562,"_279":6567,"_281":354},"c7b6b01cc06c",[6563],{"_30":6564,"_16":275,"_276":6565,"_146":6566},"eedfeb646844",[],"CEO/CTO Transitions and Ego Death",[],{"_30":6569,"_16":270,"_271":6570,"_279":6574,"_281":282},"444766cb7585",[6571],{"_30":6572,"_16":275,"_276":6573,"_146":450},"68f13550ea12",[],[],{"_30":6576,"_16":270,"_271":6577,"_279":6594,"_281":282},"99a27de6ecc4",[6578,6582,6586,6589],{"_30":6579,"_16":275,"_276":6580,"_146":3843},"8665340c24f2",[6581,616],"3d16b21",{"_30":6583,"_16":275,"_276":6584,"_146":6585},"5aee33e80a55",[6581]," Honestly, for me, becoming CEO, which we had a third founder in the beginning who was supposed to be CEO, that was the",{"_30":6587,"_16":275,"_276":6588,"_146":3717},"0dc6a53bad76",[],{"_30":6590,"_16":275,"_276":6591,"_146":6593},"d74e7d6e8790",[6592],"91b1a9c","game plan, so I never planned on it.",[6595,6597],{"_30":6581,"_16":3725,"_3726":6596},"00:23:38.900",{"_30":6592,"_16":3725,"_3726":6598},"00:23:45.460",{"_30":6600,"_16":270,"_271":6601,"_279":6623,"_281":282},"b1ae84fd8860",[6602,6607,6610,6615,6618],{"_30":6603,"_16":275,"_276":6604,"_146":6606},"fc78c30b0fbb",[6605],"0d1f71a","The ego death of letting go of being someone who contributed hands on every day, I",{"_30":6608,"_16":275,"_276":6609,"_146":3717},"e89bf9f171c3",[],{"_30":6611,"_16":275,"_276":6612,"_146":6614},"5c7cb33031d2",[6613],"a9a614f","had nightmares for so long. \"Nobody's ever going to hire me again. I'm going to get written out of the technical story of",{"_30":6616,"_16":275,"_276":6617,"_146":3717},"e89467ef5489",[],{"_30":6619,"_16":275,"_276":6620,"_146":6622},"ab40b71fcf4e",[6621],"1c5d2c4","the company.\"",[6624,6625,6627],{"_30":6605,"_16":3725,"_3726":6598},{"_30":6613,"_16":3725,"_3726":6626},"00:23:56.510",{"_30":6621,"_16":3725,"_3726":6628},"00:24:03.750",{"_30":6630,"_16":270,"_271":6631,"_279":6653,"_281":282},"8bdfbb310bdf",[6632,6637,6640,6645,6648],{"_30":6633,"_16":275,"_276":6634,"_146":6636},"dfa72b089bd4",[6635],"cfe89a9","I really did not want to be CEO and I'm sure in my mind I made it up to be a much bigger deal. But I",{"_30":6638,"_16":275,"_276":6639,"_146":3717},"91cd7d923287",[],{"_30":6641,"_16":275,"_276":6642,"_146":6644},"af85575299e0",[6643],"491a650","couldn't contribute every day because, as Rachel referenced earlier, our only marketing strategy was anywhere that will",{"_30":6646,"_16":275,"_276":6647,"_146":3717},"f0535b5c00eb",[],{"_30":6649,"_16":275,"_276":6650,"_146":6652},"53de47aeb38d",[6651],"6a7d616","let Charity come talk about this shit, let her go talk.",[6654,6655,6657],{"_30":6635,"_16":3725,"_3726":6628},{"_30":6643,"_16":3725,"_3726":6656},"00:24:11.590",{"_30":6651,"_16":3725,"_3726":6658},"00:24:17.840",{"_30":6660,"_16":270,"_271":6661,"_279":6691,"_281":282},"97d78cf223cd",[6662,6667,6670,6675,6678,6683,6686],{"_30":6663,"_16":275,"_276":6664,"_146":6666},"5ddc12a58726",[6665],"779d64c","So I was constantly flying around the world and just like giving",{"_30":6668,"_16":275,"_276":6669,"_146":3717},"2e889af30321",[],{"_30":6671,"_16":275,"_276":6672,"_146":6674},"0dbd178d2712",[6673],"861be90","little talks and couldn't contribute. I hadn't really grappled with just how much of my identity my sense",{"_30":6676,"_16":275,"_276":6677,"_146":3717},"be340d9243e0",[],{"_30":6679,"_16":275,"_276":6680,"_146":6682},"b4306abe80a7",[6681],"2829378","of self was tied up in, \"I am a valuable human being because I am really good at software,\" you know, and it sounds really",{"_30":6684,"_16":275,"_276":6685,"_146":3717},"e125f41954be",[],{"_30":6687,"_16":275,"_276":6688,"_146":6690},"8a671fc8c5a6",[6689],"71e45cd","silly when you say it out loud, but there was some psychological damage. It was hard.",[6692,6693,6695,6697],{"_30":6665,"_16":3725,"_3726":6658},{"_30":6673,"_16":3725,"_3726":6694},"00:24:23.520",{"_30":6681,"_16":3725,"_3726":6696},"00:24:32.160",{"_30":6689,"_16":3725,"_3726":6698},"00:24:42.130",{"_30":6700,"_16":270,"_271":6701,"_279":6726,"_281":282},"b6aec5164cb9",[6702,6706,6710,6713,6718,6721],{"_30":6703,"_16":275,"_276":6704,"_146":3858},"86c92c2036bb",[6705,616],"b52b616",{"_30":6707,"_16":275,"_276":6708,"_146":6709},"107919c6eeeb",[6705]," It's funny you say that because, I have like a little bit of a different twist on it for me in that, when I was",{"_30":6711,"_16":275,"_276":6712,"_146":3717},"a6b7739e467f",[],{"_30":6714,"_16":275,"_276":6715,"_146":6717},"3266654bb0b0",[6716],"f41f2c7","thrust into the CEO role, I looked around me and I just didn't see anybody like me who was a CEO.",{"_30":6719,"_16":275,"_276":6720,"_146":3717},"82ca35124a81",[],{"_30":6722,"_16":275,"_276":6723,"_146":6725},"bd82c0b4a4a8",[6724],"211823a","I had this stereotype in my mind of a CEO equals a person like my co-founder.",[6727,6729,6731],{"_30":6705,"_16":3725,"_3726":6728},"00:24:50.210",{"_30":6716,"_16":3725,"_3726":6730},"00:24:58.570",{"_30":6724,"_16":3725,"_3726":6732},"00:25:07.970",{"_30":6734,"_16":270,"_271":6735,"_279":6757,"_281":282},"edafea820fd6",[6736,6741,6744,6749,6752],{"_30":6737,"_16":275,"_276":6738,"_146":6740},"056259a9b00c",[6739],"37ff530","And it probably took me",{"_30":6742,"_16":275,"_276":6743,"_146":3717},"fc0bb562dbc2",[],{"_30":6745,"_16":275,"_276":6746,"_146":6748},"25b4e7d534f1",[6747],"afad9f5","maybe three months to kind of go through this crazy emotional journey of, one, expecting everybody around me,",{"_30":6750,"_16":275,"_276":6751,"_146":3717},"7b8a4f4397e4",[],{"_30":6753,"_16":275,"_276":6754,"_146":6756},"17ab866b2f5c",[6755],"3384675","including my board, to judge the heck out of me for not being the stereotype of what a CEO should be.",[6758,6759,6761],{"_30":6739,"_16":3725,"_3726":6732},{"_30":6747,"_16":3725,"_3726":6760},"00:25:18.210",{"_30":6755,"_16":3725,"_3726":6762},"00:25:27.970",{"_30":6764,"_16":270,"_271":6765,"_279":6788,"_281":282},"e461f8357755",[6766,6771,6774,6779,6783],{"_30":6767,"_16":275,"_276":6768,"_146":6770},"dfbc82912a20",[6769],"151080d","And accepting",{"_30":6772,"_16":275,"_276":6773,"_146":3717},"baf559650b58",[],{"_30":6775,"_16":275,"_276":6776,"_146":6778},"a497257bd3ed",[6777],"7afadc9","that CEOs can come in a lot of different shapes and flavors and I didn't have to do exactly all the things that my co",{"_30":6780,"_16":275,"_276":6781,"_146":6782},"c14c92dbd843",[],"-",{"_30":6784,"_16":275,"_276":6785,"_146":6787},"75d18b525ed7",[6786],"582a2a6","founder was doing. Because every CEO has strengths.",[6789,6790,6792],{"_30":6769,"_16":3725,"_3726":6762},{"_30":6777,"_16":3725,"_3726":6791},"00:25:38.650",{"_30":6786,"_16":3725,"_3726":6793},"00:25:48.050",{"_30":6795,"_16":270,"_271":6796,"_279":6805,"_281":282},"fb25aed1afb9",[6797,6801],{"_30":6798,"_16":275,"_276":6799,"_146":3843},"1047f0c064a5",[6800,616],"05a93b8",{"_30":6802,"_16":275,"_276":6803,"_146":6804},"d7e4e9069429",[6800]," Most CEOs have strengths.",[6806],{"_30":6800,"_16":3725,"_3726":6807},"00:25:54.250",{"_30":6809,"_16":270,"_271":6810,"_279":6835,"_281":282},"2db15a6937e8",[6811,6815,6819,6822,6827,6830],{"_30":6812,"_16":275,"_276":6813,"_146":3858},"a0e7013a6d7a",[6814,616],"e444fcb",{"_30":6816,"_16":275,"_276":6817,"_146":6818},"76dafbdb9e9f",[6814]," And when you're the CEO, the company will mold itself around you. And if you lean into that process, you can",{"_30":6820,"_16":275,"_276":6821,"_146":3717},"a930e9f0fbc8",[],{"_30":6823,"_16":275,"_276":6824,"_146":6826},"48d5bee33308",[6825],"5c8676d","make your life a lot better and you can work on the things that you want to work on, that you're good at working on, and",{"_30":6828,"_16":275,"_276":6829,"_146":3717},"76e40d1720ec",[],{"_30":6831,"_16":275,"_276":6832,"_146":6834},"112879dd249c",[6833],"fc61e22","still drive the vision and lead the team while having a life that doesn't make you hate yourself.",[6836,6838,6840],{"_30":6814,"_16":3725,"_3726":6837},"00:26:01.020",{"_30":6825,"_16":3725,"_3726":6839},"00:26:09.650",{"_30":6833,"_16":3725,"_3726":6841},"00:26:16.530",{"_30":6843,"_16":270,"_271":6844,"_279":6869,"_281":282},"bdc50c1a091b",[6845,6850,6853,6858,6861,6866],{"_30":6846,"_16":275,"_276":6847,"_146":6849},"f8c71ef0443a",[6848],"5e9408a","Like Quinn",{"_30":6851,"_16":275,"_276":6852,"_146":3717},"6d9cef99783a",[],{"_30":6854,"_16":275,"_276":6855,"_146":6857},"329c3b1f2993",[6856],"734babd","Slack said, you can keep coding every day if you want to. If you don't want to do that, if you want to go out and give",{"_30":6859,"_16":275,"_276":6860,"_146":3717},"c300755c8867",[],{"_30":6862,"_16":275,"_276":6863,"_146":6865},"9ce516682ab8",[6864],"92c2754","talks, if you want to be super operational, there's just so many different flavors for like--",{"_30":6867,"_16":275,"_276":6868,"_146":2707},"a9b80e0bd9ff",[],[6870,6871,6873],{"_30":6848,"_16":3725,"_3726":6841},{"_30":6856,"_16":3725,"_3726":6872},"00:26:25.370",{"_30":6864,"_16":3725,"_3726":6874},"00:26:31.570",{"_30":6876,"_16":270,"_271":6877,"_279":6896,"_281":282},"25f6bcca04a8",[6878,6883,6888,6891],{"_30":6879,"_16":275,"_276":6880,"_146":6882},"a218af745d3f",[6881],"e230001","What",{"_30":6884,"_16":275,"_276":6885,"_146":6887},"b77c062c8a00",[6886],"b6ca8a7"," are the things that give you energy? And I'm realizing that I had permission to just take things",{"_30":6889,"_16":275,"_276":6890,"_146":3717},"83d94ee6b2c2",[],{"_30":6892,"_16":275,"_276":6893,"_146":6895},"d20820b34ff4",[6894],"8c407a0","that I wanted and then be like, \"I don't want to deal with that, let's hire it out.\"",[6897,6898,6900],{"_30":6881,"_16":3725,"_3726":6874},{"_30":6886,"_16":3725,"_3726":6899},"00:26:38.950",{"_30":6894,"_16":3725,"_3726":6901},"00:26:47.390",{"_30":6903,"_16":270,"_271":6904,"_279":6923,"_281":282},"10df7329ed45",[6905,6910,6915,6918],{"_30":6906,"_16":275,"_276":6907,"_146":6909},"c2937faba951",[6908],"c45b094","And also to",{"_30":6911,"_16":275,"_276":6912,"_146":6914},"03fd6757d799",[6913],"bd458b4"," not have to change my personality. You know, I'm an introvert and I tend to listen more than I speak. And",{"_30":6916,"_16":275,"_276":6917,"_146":3717},"78d134018d30",[],{"_30":6919,"_16":275,"_276":6920,"_146":6922},"eecf4597762f",[6921],"9c7b7af","that's okay. It means that when I do speak, people listen.",[6924,6925,6927],{"_30":6908,"_16":3725,"_3726":6901},{"_30":6913,"_16":3725,"_3726":6926},"00:26:53.990",{"_30":6921,"_16":3725,"_3726":6928},"00:27:05.030",{"_30":6930,"_16":270,"_271":6931,"_279":6953,"_281":2471},"aa2d014a32d7",[6932,6937,6940,6945,6948],{"_30":6933,"_16":275,"_276":6934,"_146":6936},"0ee605676932",[6935],"dd1db19","There's more than one way to go out and share a",{"_30":6938,"_16":275,"_276":6939,"_146":3717},"db174b7d6913",[],{"_30":6941,"_16":275,"_276":6942,"_146":6944},"c4f6f40288c2",[6943],"c9cf8dd","message. You don't have to be an extrovert. Just because like 7 out of 10 CEOs out of there are extroverts",{"_30":6946,"_16":275,"_276":6947,"_146":3717},"c946e34f39f6",[],{"_30":6949,"_16":275,"_276":6950,"_146":6952},"33d27ef80abe",[6951],"d93e1a6","doesn't mean that's the only way to be.",[6954,6955,6957],{"_30":6935,"_16":3725,"_3726":6928},{"_30":6943,"_16":3725,"_3726":6956},"00:27:16.470",{"_30":6951,"_16":3725,"_3726":6958},"00:27:24.310",{"_30":6960,"_16":270,"_271":6961,"_279":6986,"_281":282},"1d1425808983",[6962,6966,6970,6973,6978,6981],{"_30":6963,"_16":275,"_276":6964,"_146":3843},"9837a755026e",[6965,616],"1ed6c60",{"_30":6967,"_16":275,"_276":6968,"_146":6969},"db19c6baf1d1",[6965]," Yeah, everybody always thinks that I'm the extrovert and Christine Yen's the introvert. I don't",{"_30":6971,"_16":275,"_276":6972,"_146":3717},"f79551a53274",[],{"_30":6974,"_16":275,"_276":6975,"_146":6977},"7aa86bdf79eb",[6976],"8b26544","know. But it's exactly the other way around. She is shutting the bars down every night at 3am, 4am and off sites, and",{"_30":6979,"_16":275,"_276":6980,"_146":3717},"8992665f607e",[],{"_30":6982,"_16":275,"_276":6983,"_146":6985},"2299e0c23747",[6984],"233be8f","I'm hiding in the bathroom every hour or two.",[6987,6989,6991],{"_30":6965,"_16":3725,"_3726":6988},"00:27:25.950",{"_30":6976,"_16":3725,"_3726":6990},"00:27:30.910",{"_30":6984,"_16":3725,"_3726":6992},"00:27:37.680",{"_30":6994,"_16":270,"_271":6995,"_279":7013,"_281":282},"57243a0a1c08",[6996,7001,7004,7009],{"_30":6997,"_16":275,"_276":6998,"_146":7000},"ebdc28942e0c",[6999],"99bcb6c","I love what you said. Ultimately, the only thing that really matters is",{"_30":7002,"_16":275,"_276":7003,"_146":3717},"3b787bcc0882",[],{"_30":7005,"_16":275,"_276":7006,"_146":7008},"fdf998465de0",[7007],"840666c","succeeding. Even investors, if what you're doing is working, nobody wants to fuck with it",{"_30":7010,"_16":275,"_276":7011,"_146":2857},"7df4f80d81f1",[7012],"5c6a508",[7014,7015,7017],{"_30":6999,"_16":3725,"_3726":6992},{"_30":7007,"_16":3725,"_3726":7016},"00:27:45.480",{"_30":7012,"_16":3725,"_3726":7018},"00:27:54.120",{"_30":7020,"_16":270,"_271":7021,"_279":7043,"_281":282},"fdccebc54c98",[7022,7027,7030,7035,7038],{"_30":7023,"_16":275,"_276":7024,"_146":7026},"a4b7e74a52c1",[7025],"0042e69","As soon as you start not succeeding, everybody's going to have their opinions and they might be forced upon you.",{"_30":7028,"_16":275,"_276":7029,"_146":3717},"beeb9e110aa4",[],{"_30":7031,"_16":275,"_276":7032,"_146":7034},"af51f4bcf2bc",[7033],"f4cda0c","But ultimately, how you get there, ethics matter, blah, blah, blah. But like, how you get there, it's more important",{"_30":7036,"_16":275,"_276":7037,"_146":3717},"47fe9c95d909",[],{"_30":7039,"_16":275,"_276":7040,"_146":7042},"10be141bdd61",[7041],"d66b1fd","that you find out a way to make it work.",[7044,7045,7047],{"_30":7025,"_16":3725,"_3726":7018},{"_30":7033,"_16":3725,"_3726":7046},"00:27:59.440",{"_30":7041,"_16":3725,"_3726":7048},"00:28:08.200",{"_30":7050,"_16":270,"_271":7051,"_279":7065,"_281":2471},"9966cadf7d84",[7052,7057,7060],{"_30":7053,"_16":275,"_276":7054,"_146":7056},"4f19b5eb752c",[7055],"293f76b","Make it work. If you can figure out how to make it work, people really",{"_30":7058,"_16":275,"_276":7059,"_146":3717},"0655db09bc75",[],{"_30":7061,"_16":275,"_276":7062,"_146":7064},"0822b3ca28b2",[7063],"b79426d","aren't going to want to mess with it.",[7066,7067],{"_30":7055,"_16":3725,"_3726":7048},{"_30":7063,"_16":3725,"_3726":7068},"00:28:15.000",{"_30":7070,"_16":270,"_271":7071,"_279":7096,"_281":282},"96a6a13bed56",[7072,7076,7080,7083,7088,7091],{"_30":7073,"_16":275,"_276":7074,"_146":3858},"d747cc1b5150",[7075,616],"d11b253",{"_30":7077,"_16":275,"_276":7078,"_146":7079},"66d632f9078e",[7075]," Yeah. And I think a real important key of sustaining yourself is having things that you do every day give",{"_30":7081,"_16":275,"_276":7082,"_146":3717},"4a800155b42f",[],{"_30":7084,"_16":275,"_276":7085,"_146":7087},"16be3c48e162",[7086],"393256c","you energy. You have to enjoy what you're doing every day, otherwise you're not going to be able to do it for more than",{"_30":7089,"_16":275,"_276":7090,"_146":3717},"75b0653a1d4a",[],{"_30":7092,"_16":275,"_276":7093,"_146":7095},"7186933f1210",[7094],"4d2b9cd","some amount of time.",[7097,7099,7101],{"_30":7075,"_16":3725,"_3726":7098},"00:28:17.120",{"_30":7086,"_16":3725,"_3726":7100},"00:28:25.800",{"_30":7094,"_16":3725,"_3726":7102},"00:28:32.190",{"_30":7104,"_16":270,"_271":7105,"_279":7128,"_281":282},"be50b0e740b0",[7106,7111,7115,7120,7123],{"_30":7107,"_16":275,"_276":7108,"_146":7110},"4c42c271c031",[7109],"ae2e184","If you're kicking yourself and managing yourself and saying, like, \"I have to do X, Y and Z,",{"_30":7112,"_16":275,"_276":7113,"_146":7114},"c61209b86685",[],"\" ",{"_30":7116,"_16":275,"_276":7117,"_146":7119},"e10e91f36ed0",[7118],"7e40ad4","eventually you're going to hit a wall. And maybe you keep it all inside until then, but like, you're going to explode",{"_30":7121,"_16":275,"_276":7122,"_146":3717},"a32dd1facbfa",[],{"_30":7124,"_16":275,"_276":7125,"_146":7127},"ebb66c8d3dc3",[7126],"3d94028","and it's not going to be something that you're going to be able to keep doing.",[7129,7130,7132],{"_30":7109,"_16":3725,"_3726":7102},{"_30":7118,"_16":3725,"_3726":7131},"00:28:37.870",{"_30":7126,"_16":3725,"_3726":7133},"00:28:43.910",{"_30":7135,"_16":270,"_271":7136,"_279":7153,"_281":282},"07a8c78a316f",[7137,7141,7145,7148],{"_30":7138,"_16":275,"_276":7139,"_146":3843},"85dddc2e1bf8",[7140,616],"8512dd7",{"_30":7142,"_16":275,"_276":7143,"_146":7144},"cac953f02074",[7140]," Whenever people ask what it takes to succeed in startups, I'm like, \"pain tolerance.\" Seriously, you should have a very",{"_30":7146,"_16":275,"_276":7147,"_146":3717},"1ee9e9a40a10",[],{"_30":7149,"_16":275,"_276":7150,"_146":7152},"c5169bb85ac4",[7151],"db38346","high pain tolerance, but also there comes a point where that does not serve you.",[7154,7156],{"_30":7140,"_16":3725,"_3726":7155},"00:28:46.670",{"_30":7151,"_16":3725,"_3726":7157},"00:28:54.020",{"_30":7159,"_16":270,"_271":7160,"_279":7182,"_281":282},"b657bf702d54",[7161,7166,7169,7174,7177],{"_30":7162,"_16":275,"_276":7163,"_146":7165},"f8b67982e05e",[7164],"df8b2dd","And I think that I hated every day that",{"_30":7167,"_16":275,"_276":7168,"_146":3717},"5fad18fb5f67",[],{"_30":7170,"_16":275,"_276":7171,"_146":7173},"ffd4d566b054",[7172],"04b5289","I was a CEO. Like, I hated it and I didn't even realize, how much I hated it until I was a year or two on the other",{"_30":7175,"_16":275,"_276":7176,"_146":3717},"487128b69b6b",[],{"_30":7178,"_16":275,"_276":7179,"_146":7181},"301dd9e27d70",[7180],"9f4cd97","side of having been it.",[7183,7184,7186],{"_30":7164,"_16":3725,"_3726":7157},{"_30":7172,"_16":3725,"_3726":7185},"00:29:01.780",{"_30":7180,"_16":3725,"_3726":7187},"00:29:08.460",{"_30":7189,"_16":270,"_271":7190,"_279":7204,"_281":282},"333bb0839ac9",[7191,7196,7199],{"_30":7192,"_16":275,"_276":7193,"_146":7195},"c79cfaa31473",[7194],"37892b1","And I was like, \"oh, yeah, that was a terrible three year long stretch of my life. And it's so",{"_30":7197,"_16":275,"_276":7198,"_146":3717},"adad7c13e647",[],{"_30":7200,"_16":275,"_276":7201,"_146":7203},"27106aa42b92",[7202],"a6dc5f9","much better now.\" And so, I don't know, what gets you here doesn't always get you there. You know?",[7205,7206],{"_30":7194,"_16":3725,"_3726":7187},{"_30":7202,"_16":3725,"_3726":7207},"00:29:14.580",{"_30":7209,"_16":270,"_271":7210,"_279":7214,"_281":282},"98071c0ef13f",[7211],{"_30":7212,"_16":275,"_276":7213,"_146":450},"b94ddcf547c4",[],[],{"_30":7216,"_16":270,"_271":7217,"_279":7222,"_281":354},"213b1cba5f43",[7218],{"_30":7219,"_16":275,"_276":7220,"_146":7221},"7c148896a107",[],"Advice for Future Founders and Closing Reflections",[],{"_30":7224,"_16":270,"_271":7225,"_279":7229,"_281":282},"63e295068062",[7226],{"_30":7227,"_16":275,"_276":7228,"_146":450},"9609eb50e1a9",[],[],{"_30":7231,"_16":270,"_271":7232,"_279":7249,"_281":282},"b4a772ca4add",[7233,7237,7241,7244],{"_30":7234,"_16":275,"_276":7235,"_146":3828},"b1104c56a094",[7236,616],"e7ccf77",{"_30":7238,"_16":275,"_276":7239,"_146":7240},"7f2b2d23cc58",[7236]," For the people who are here because they're thinking about quitting their jobs and they want to know, do they have what",{"_30":7242,"_16":275,"_276":7243,"_146":3717},"ceb078e0ba46",[],{"_30":7245,"_16":275,"_276":7246,"_146":7248},"571a62d9215c",[7247],"6bc23b2","it takes to be a founder, what advice do you have?",[7250,7252],{"_30":7236,"_16":3725,"_3726":7251},"00:29:20.870",{"_30":7247,"_16":3725,"_3726":7253},"00:29:27.030",{"_30":7255,"_16":270,"_271":7256,"_279":7265,"_281":282},"fd2a6ef2c35d",[7257,7261],{"_30":7258,"_16":275,"_276":7259,"_146":3843},"ec6243a8c8ff",[7260,616],"8067585",{"_30":7262,"_16":275,"_276":7263,"_146":7264},"2ce4f7bec8fa",[7260]," Can you find joy in suffering?",[7266],{"_30":7260,"_16":3725,"_3726":7267},"00:29:31.110",{"_30":7269,"_16":270,"_271":7270,"_279":7287,"_281":282},"cb1ec876476f",[7271,7275,7279,7282],{"_30":7272,"_16":275,"_276":7273,"_146":3858},"723ff0653883",[7274,616],"ff1b3f7",{"_30":7276,"_16":275,"_276":7277,"_146":7278},"f8b18142c3fd",[7274]," I do actually agree with that a lot. For me though, it's not that I find joy in it, it's that I forget. I",{"_30":7280,"_16":275,"_276":7281,"_146":3717},"b7f914cee8f8",[],{"_30":7283,"_16":275,"_276":7284,"_146":7286},"734ccc81a8f9",[7285],"0fb9efd","just have like a really terrible memory. Like, that was fucking yesterday. I went to bed and now it's gone.",[7288,7290],{"_30":7274,"_16":3725,"_3726":7289},"00:29:39.990",{"_30":7285,"_16":3725,"_3726":7291},"00:29:47.040",{"_30":7293,"_16":270,"_271":7294,"_279":7311,"_281":282},"d57e6af770b8",[7295,7299,7303,7306],{"_30":7296,"_16":275,"_276":7297,"_146":3843},"5af0ec88ac44",[7298,616],"c2e7889",{"_30":7300,"_16":275,"_276":7301,"_146":7302},"6acb1b12a299",[7298]," No, but seriously, I have always felt like, I don't even know if people are like, are you happy? What does happy",{"_30":7304,"_16":275,"_276":7305,"_146":3717},"5b84c27b1e2c",[],{"_30":7307,"_16":275,"_276":7308,"_146":7310},"1974b5eb0cd0",[7309],"a3180c8","even mean?",[7312,7314],{"_30":7298,"_16":3725,"_3726":7313},"00:29:53.720",{"_30":7309,"_16":3725,"_3726":7315},"00:30:02.280",{"_30":7317,"_16":270,"_271":7318,"_279":7332,"_281":2471},"1b27fd312f68",[7319,7324,7327],{"_30":7320,"_16":275,"_276":7321,"_146":7323},"4580005fa105",[7322],"9680abf","If I feel like I'm working on something that is worth doing, I can push through a lot. And if I feel like",{"_30":7325,"_16":275,"_276":7326,"_146":3717},"9f629b05d182",[],{"_30":7328,"_16":275,"_276":7329,"_146":7331},"8b11eeb8c2ff",[7330],"3141435","what I'm doing is not worth doing, I have no tolerance for it.",[7333,7334],{"_30":7322,"_16":3725,"_3726":7315},{"_30":7330,"_16":3725,"_3726":7335},"00:30:08.360",{"_30":7337,"_16":270,"_271":7338,"_279":7360,"_281":282},"ea2e95782490",[7339,7344,7347,7352,7355],{"_30":7340,"_16":275,"_276":7341,"_146":7343},"69b58c249031",[7342],"1078ec5","So I would rather be kind of unhappy for a few years in",{"_30":7345,"_16":275,"_276":7346,"_146":3717},"e73d12735f7f",[],{"_30":7348,"_16":275,"_276":7349,"_146":7351},"f0c5ebb3cdc9",[7350],"6d86300","the service of something that feels like it needs to happen, you know? And I think if you feel that same way about",{"_30":7353,"_16":275,"_276":7354,"_146":3717},"e915e8d5b653",[],{"_30":7356,"_16":275,"_276":7357,"_146":7359},"b4115f7dcd4e",[7358],"4feb4e7","something, you should probably go build that thing.",[7361,7362,7364],{"_30":7342,"_16":3725,"_3726":7335},{"_30":7350,"_16":3725,"_3726":7363},"00:30:14.960",{"_30":7358,"_16":3725,"_3726":7365},"00:30:20.760",{"_30":7367,"_16":270,"_271":7368,"_279":7385,"_281":282},"b5185817659c",[7369,7373,7377,7380],{"_30":7370,"_16":275,"_276":7371,"_146":3858},"d2dc968e1bce",[7372,616],"fad96dc",{"_30":7374,"_16":275,"_276":7375,"_146":7376},"5b27808d716c",[7372]," I think it's actually okay to not be like 100% sure that you were destined to be a founder and to build something great.",{"_30":7378,"_16":275,"_276":7379,"_146":3717},"9a71fdc39bb4",[],{"_30":7381,"_16":275,"_276":7382,"_146":7384},"c4974bf3fd41",[7383],"9683dc3","And you have like the clear vision that you know exactly what you want to build.",[7386,7388],{"_30":7372,"_16":3725,"_3726":7387},"00:30:24.280",{"_30":7383,"_16":3725,"_3726":7389},"00:30:31.160",{"_30":7391,"_16":270,"_271":7392,"_279":7401,"_281":282},"51bd3baa8737",[7393,7397],{"_30":7394,"_16":275,"_276":7395,"_146":3843},"4f5081bfb920",[7396,616],"ce5afd9",{"_30":7398,"_16":275,"_276":7399,"_146":7400},"3d2625039bb1",[7396]," Oh, that's all retconning.",[7402],{"_30":7396,"_16":3725,"_3726":7403},"00:30:35.240",{"_30":7405,"_16":270,"_271":7406,"_279":7415,"_281":282},"2478da465bc1",[7407,7411],{"_30":7408,"_16":275,"_276":7409,"_146":3858},"306598236809",[7410,616],"addc385",{"_30":7412,"_16":275,"_276":7413,"_146":7414},"d9c34b0f09e0",[7410]," Yeah, yeah. All those stories you hear are like the super filtered version.",[7416],{"_30":7410,"_16":3725,"_3726":7417},"00:30:37.080",{"_30":7419,"_16":270,"_271":7420,"_279":7439,"_281":2471},"c38e3fdd70d6",[7421,7426,7431,7434],{"_30":7422,"_16":275,"_276":7423,"_146":7425},"2342d97852c7",[7424],"2368fc1","The actual journey is super messy. I",{"_30":7427,"_16":275,"_276":7428,"_146":7430},"6ce8bb2a1b67",[7429],"ed0bad6","n order to start building, you have to have the first thing that you're going to build, but you don't have to know what",{"_30":7432,"_16":275,"_276":7433,"_146":3717},"53139ef6f2bf",[],{"_30":7435,"_16":275,"_276":7436,"_146":7438},"4d1beaf11196",[7437],"497bcba","it's going to turn into. It's a really winding and twisting journey.",[7440,7441,7443],{"_30":7424,"_16":3725,"_3726":7417},{"_30":7429,"_16":3725,"_3726":7442},"00:30:47.120",{"_30":7437,"_16":3725,"_3726":7444},"00:30:52.730",{"_30":7446,"_16":270,"_271":7447,"_279":7469,"_281":282},"beadfe59d510",[7448,7453,7456,7461,7464],{"_30":7449,"_16":275,"_276":7450,"_146":7452},"cdc16c03f10b",[7451],"e4e5757","I think you have to have some",{"_30":7454,"_16":275,"_276":7455,"_146":3717},"b58d148e2421",[],{"_30":7457,"_16":275,"_276":7458,"_146":7460},"4e48b10254d6",[7459],"fd57b25","tolerance for risk. You're not going to be making a Google salary for, potentially, years. And it has to be something",{"_30":7462,"_16":275,"_276":7463,"_146":3717},"72a0fd0cd716",[],{"_30":7465,"_16":275,"_276":7466,"_146":7468},"aade63e5d200",[7467],"b9d7dd8","that, like, you feel okay with walking away from this very known outcome.",[7470,7471,7473],{"_30":7451,"_16":3725,"_3726":7444},{"_30":7459,"_16":3725,"_3726":7472},"00:31:01.330",{"_30":7467,"_16":3725,"_3726":7474},"00:31:12.690",{"_30":7476,"_16":270,"_271":7477,"_279":7515,"_281":282},"d15b3b44d071",[7478,7483,7486,7491,7494,7499,7502,7507,7510],{"_30":7479,"_16":275,"_276":7480,"_146":7482},"eb0ea7806959",[7481],"3219541","I think",{"_30":7484,"_16":275,"_276":7485,"_146":3717},"8ce59adc43f8",[],{"_30":7487,"_16":275,"_276":7488,"_146":7490},"2d262c7643b7",[7489],"cd98f79","you have to really thrive in a world with a lot of uncertainty in it. And you're going to grow as a part of this.",{"_30":7492,"_16":275,"_276":7493,"_146":3717},"767e831bc4ef",[],{"_30":7495,"_16":275,"_276":7496,"_146":7498},"d8dba5c5d398",[7497],"77a66b8","And the most important thing is to take the first step and to have at least some amount of time where, you know,",{"_30":7500,"_16":275,"_276":7501,"_146":3717},"edf4fff22463",[],{"_30":7503,"_16":275,"_276":7504,"_146":7506},"45e6b6e9c403",[7505],"dd10e71","you can do that in your life and you can pay your rent and get food and stuff like that, because you might not have any",{"_30":7508,"_16":275,"_276":7509,"_146":3717},"10f34c8c8545",[],{"_30":7511,"_16":275,"_276":7512,"_146":7514},"f3d04a96a5ab",[7513],"21354d6","money at first.",[7516,7517,7519,7521,7523],{"_30":7481,"_16":3725,"_3726":7474},{"_30":7489,"_16":3725,"_3726":7518},"00:31:20.450",{"_30":7497,"_16":3725,"_3726":7520},"00:31:31.410",{"_30":7505,"_16":3725,"_3726":7522},"00:31:40.090",{"_30":7513,"_16":3725,"_3726":7524},"00:31:47.850",{"_30":7526,"_16":270,"_271":7527,"_279":7541,"_281":282},"406a02dbece4",[7528,7533,7536],{"_30":7529,"_16":275,"_276":7530,"_146":7532},"9ab05950c1c9",[7531],"a2da8d3","But other than that, you know, you take things year by year, day by day, month by month,",{"_30":7534,"_16":275,"_276":7535,"_146":3717},"3ae61f08cf10",[],{"_30":7537,"_16":275,"_276":7538,"_146":7540},"df4d8f6d9221",[7539],"2278b24","and you don't have it all figured out at first.",[7542,7543],{"_30":7531,"_16":3725,"_3726":7524},{"_30":7539,"_16":3725,"_3726":7544},"00:31:55.370",{"_30":7546,"_16":270,"_271":7547,"_279":7564,"_281":282},"36211eddb13d",[7548,7552,7556,7559],{"_30":7549,"_16":275,"_276":7550,"_146":3843},"4ca75a1945d5",[7551,616],"6cdf63a",{"_30":7553,"_16":275,"_276":7554,"_146":7555},"290181006c02",[7551]," It is very messy. That's true. And honestly, what works for me doesn't have to work for you. Like, there's as many",{"_30":7557,"_16":275,"_276":7558,"_146":3717},"7776baf53df3",[],{"_30":7560,"_16":275,"_276":7561,"_146":7563},"14a12b63dec8",[7562],"1334847","answers as there are people in this room.",[7565,7567],{"_30":7551,"_16":3725,"_3726":7566},"00:31:58.490",{"_30":7562,"_16":3725,"_3726":7568},"00:32:03.800",{"_30":7570,"_16":270,"_271":7571,"_279":7593,"_281":282},"8bfa82430371",[7572,7577,7580,7585,7588],{"_30":7573,"_16":275,"_276":7574,"_146":7576},"2585ec3fd5ef",[7575],"0edf484","Ultimately, so much of it is opportunism. I did it because I got the",{"_30":7578,"_16":275,"_276":7579,"_146":3717},"25425703671d",[],{"_30":7581,"_16":275,"_276":7582,"_146":7584},"ef3f50a60bd6",[7583],"9bea326","opportunity, which is something I think we would be all well served to acknowledge. It's just how incredibly lucky we",{"_30":7586,"_16":275,"_276":7587,"_146":3717},"bbcb285c8a6e",[],{"_30":7589,"_16":275,"_276":7590,"_146":7592},"a0e6147ea697",[7591],"4039b4e","are to get the opportunity to do it.",[7594,7595,7597],{"_30":7575,"_16":3725,"_3726":7568},{"_30":7583,"_16":3725,"_3726":7596},"00:32:09.000",{"_30":7591,"_16":3725,"_3726":7598},"00:32:15.160",{"_30":7600,"_16":270,"_271":7601,"_279":7623,"_281":282},"93dc6693a736",[7602,7607,7610,7615,7618],{"_30":7603,"_16":275,"_276":7604,"_146":7606},"3e3cf98f59c7",[7605],"e707183","I am deeply motivated, just in part by understanding how incredibly unlikely it",{"_30":7608,"_16":275,"_276":7609,"_146":3717},"4236ef26dcf0",[],{"_30":7611,"_16":275,"_276":7612,"_146":7614},"139909742132",[7613],"4047d59","is that someone like me is here with a chance to do something like this. The mind boggles. Nobody else I",{"_30":7616,"_16":275,"_276":7617,"_146":3717},"ab637afe3d0d",[],{"_30":7619,"_16":275,"_276":7620,"_146":7622},"e272c73d6ba7",[7621],"d5f8b9e","grew up with even made it out of Idaho.",[7624,7625,7627],{"_30":7605,"_16":3725,"_3726":7598},{"_30":7613,"_16":3725,"_3726":7626},"00:32:23.080",{"_30":7621,"_16":3725,"_3726":7628},"00:32:29.160",{"_30":7630,"_16":270,"_271":7631,"_279":7656,"_281":282},"478729d50a19",[7632,7637,7640,7645,7648,7653],{"_30":7633,"_16":275,"_276":7634,"_146":7636},"b0b0152153c5",[7635],"872122e","I can't believe I got the chance to do it. I'm grateful for it. I",{"_30":7638,"_16":275,"_276":7639,"_146":3717},"6aa652f153fa",[],{"_30":7641,"_16":275,"_276":7642,"_146":7644},"fac996740739",[7643],"c36369c","think I've paid those investors back fairly well. But I'm just grateful for the chance to do something that",{"_30":7646,"_16":275,"_276":7647,"_146":3717},"8b46db671441",[],{"_30":7649,"_16":275,"_276":7650,"_146":7652},"0f6b448a148b",[7651],"5abcd59","brings me joy, you know?",{"_30":7654,"_16":275,"_276":7655,"_146":2707},"90c6d1555b76",[],[7657,7658,7660],{"_30":7635,"_16":3725,"_3726":7628},{"_30":7643,"_16":3725,"_3726":7659},"00:32:34.960",{"_30":7651,"_16":3725,"_3726":7661},"00:32:39.840",{"_30":7663,"_16":270,"_271":7664,"_279":7686,"_281":282},"f616f2095a7f",[7665,7670,7673,7678,7681],{"_30":7666,"_16":275,"_276":7667,"_146":7669},"53830169c5dc",[7668],"456d48c","And I think reminding myself how lucky I am to be here is a way of offsetting all",{"_30":7671,"_16":275,"_276":7672,"_146":3717},"eb03e34b5aa5",[],{"_30":7674,"_16":275,"_276":7675,"_146":7677},"c498b4ac7600",[7676],"f778919","of the heaviness that you sometimes walk around with, with the expectations and the fact that you're responsible for so",{"_30":7679,"_16":275,"_276":7680,"_146":3717},"3a884b2b33af",[],{"_30":7682,"_16":275,"_276":7683,"_146":7685},"b2b8ed57bae2",[7684],"1dc8e8a","many people's livelihoods.",[7687,7688,7690],{"_30":7668,"_16":3725,"_3726":7661},{"_30":7676,"_16":3725,"_3726":7689},"00:32:48.400",{"_30":7684,"_16":3725,"_3726":7691},"00:32:53.520",{"_30":7693,"_16":270,"_271":7694,"_279":7711,"_281":282},"32248c45e32a",[7695,7699,7703,7706],{"_30":7696,"_16":275,"_276":7697,"_146":3858},"2625c447b03c",[7698,616],"7cd224d",{"_30":7700,"_16":275,"_276":7701,"_146":7702},"8c66f0783d27",[7698]," You will learn more in a couple years of trying to build your own business and get something off the ground than you",{"_30":7704,"_16":275,"_276":7705,"_146":3717},"4054b2933a6a",[],{"_30":7707,"_16":275,"_276":7708,"_146":7710},"32c01baf82e4",[7709],"fcbb376","would in a decade of working a structured corporate job.",[7712,7714],{"_30":7698,"_16":3725,"_3726":7713},"00:32:55.080",{"_30":7709,"_16":3725,"_3726":7715},"00:33:02.170",{"_30":7717,"_16":270,"_271":7718,"_279":7743,"_281":282},"b56db4d32dab",[7719,7724,7727,7732,7735,7740],{"_30":7720,"_16":275,"_276":7721,"_146":7723},"39039594d688",[7722],"04aa8cf","Whenever I find an opportunity that, I end up",{"_30":7725,"_16":275,"_276":7726,"_146":3717},"1596c67996dd",[],{"_30":7728,"_16":275,"_276":7729,"_146":7731},"3cebab848095",[7730],"6b9cd22","going into and looking back and feeling like, yeah, that was the right next step for me, I usually feel two things,",{"_30":7733,"_16":275,"_276":7734,"_146":3717},"5d1cd1e4e236",[],{"_30":7736,"_16":275,"_276":7737,"_146":7739},"28a42196a02b",[7738],"d7d3f13","actually. One is like this, like, magnetic pull of attraction, but I usually also feel really scared too.",{"_30":7741,"_16":275,"_276":7742,"_146":2707},"fb19d453cbd1",[],[7744,7745,7747],{"_30":7722,"_16":3725,"_3726":7715},{"_30":7730,"_16":3725,"_3726":7746},"00:33:13.570",{"_30":7738,"_16":3725,"_3726":7748},"00:33:19.330",{"_30":7750,"_16":270,"_271":7751,"_279":7770,"_281":282},"a8fada4fa2be",[7752,7757,7760,7765],{"_30":7753,"_16":275,"_276":7754,"_146":7756},"15585400cd52",[7755],"625901e","And when I took this CEO job, moving from my comfort zone, which is kind of being the technical leader, I felt both",{"_30":7758,"_16":275,"_276":7759,"_146":3717},"bfb7f8ae9a31",[],{"_30":7761,"_16":275,"_276":7762,"_146":7764},"11330357a164",[7763],"919a07a","of those things in almost equal parts, like, I really want to do this because I don't really know why, but",{"_30":7766,"_16":275,"_276":7767,"_146":7769},"dc87becf698a",[7768],"4bbbde3"," it just feels like it would be good for me. But also just felt terrified.",[7771,7773,7775],{"_30":7755,"_16":3725,"_3726":7772},"00:33:28.750",{"_30":7763,"_16":3725,"_3726":7774},"00:33:36.710",{"_30":7768,"_16":3725,"_3726":7776},"00:33:43.030",{"_30":7778,"_16":270,"_271":7779,"_279":7793,"_281":282},"bf3c1aef6e2d",[7780,7785,7788],{"_30":7781,"_16":275,"_276":7782,"_146":7784},"1ffdca0c0a41",[7783],"449ef9d","And it's okay for that terror",{"_30":7786,"_16":275,"_276":7787,"_146":3717},"62b7af77e928",[],{"_30":7789,"_16":275,"_276":7790,"_146":7792},"5f693727e911",[7791],"a0898cd","and that fear to be present. You don't have to make it go away. You just have to take the next step forward.",[7794,7795],{"_30":7783,"_16":3725,"_3726":7776},{"_30":7791,"_16":3725,"_3726":7796},"00:33:50.470",{"_30":7798,"_16":270,"_271":7799,"_279":7808,"_281":282},"21e5777232b3",[7800,7804],{"_30":7801,"_16":275,"_276":7802,"_146":3843},"6eb10b3f52d5",[7803,616],"d2bc079",{"_30":7805,"_16":275,"_276":7806,"_146":7807},"dd327d8a22a6",[7803]," True fact, I don't know if any of you have ADHD, but panic helps you focus, which explains so much of my life.",[7809],{"_30":7803,"_16":3725,"_3726":7810},"00:33:55.710",{"_30":7812,"_16":270,"_271":7813,"_279":7830,"_281":282},"8f83d35a632e",[7814,7818,7822,7825],{"_30":7815,"_16":275,"_276":7816,"_146":3828},"328391efb735",[7817,616],"225a8a8",{"_30":7819,"_16":275,"_276":7820,"_146":7821},"93958fada7b8",[7817]," I hate to cut it off there, but the next panel is also awesome. You guys are so great. 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The Many Paths of CxOs

Speakers