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But when it's only ",{"_30":600,"_16":270,"_271":601,"_146":602},"5f9df2d9d4c6",[357],"that",{"_30":604,"_16":270,"_271":605,"_146":606},"e379adfcef8b",[],", and we don't have targeted goals and outcomes, then things can go off the rails.”",[],{"_30":609,"_16":265,"_266":610,"_274":623,"_276":277},"2806b926c74f",[611,615,619],{"_30":612,"_16":270,"_271":613,"_146":614},"20ca35d47b12",[],"“The companies where I see the most adoption and the most durable benefit from AI are ones that came to AI ",{"_30":616,"_16":270,"_271":617,"_146":618},"616c0fc5205d",[357],"with a specific problem",{"_30":620,"_16":270,"_271":621,"_146":622},"388b7f348ed9",[],". For example: Companies that needed to modernize legacy infrastructure, and hypothesized that AI would help them modernize legacy components much faster than they could have previously.”",[],{"_30":625,"_16":265,"_266":626,"_274":631,"_276":277},"5b354084e16b",[627],{"_30":628,"_16":270,"_271":629,"_146":630},"12e82b130519",[],"“Organizations that want to see organizational benefit need to think about this on an organizational level, not just rely on individuals figuring out what to do.”",[],{"_30":633,"_16":265,"_266":634,"_274":639,"_276":380},"67040ffdada8",[635],{"_30":636,"_16":270,"_271":637,"_146":638},"3192c3835391",[],"How Can Startups Make the Most of AI?",[],{"_30":641,"_16":265,"_266":642,"_274":647,"_276":277},"c31c1f6f739b",[643],{"_30":644,"_16":270,"_271":645,"_146":646},"e85f2ae6eb02",[],"Tacho concedes that different organizations with different resources (and different amounts of runway) will need to take different approaches. “I think you need to look at it as a spectrum of targeted experiments vs. targeted use cases. That proportion needs to be adjusted based on your company’s size and stage.”",[],{"_30":649,"_16":265,"_266":650,"_274":663,"_276":277},"13620c1b08a7",[651,655,659],{"_30":652,"_16":270,"_271":653,"_146":654},"685874eb3c2b",[],"“For startups, those ",{"_30":656,"_16":270,"_271":657,"_146":658},"4c1536f1ca42",[357],"are",{"_30":660,"_16":270,"_271":661,"_146":662},"d0220dd97143",[]," the environments where the individual can have a huge impact. So it would make sense for people to be experimenting, to be rapidly figuring out where they can exploit the capabilities of AI for your business. But you should document that as you go and make sure it's not just one individual deciding to do one-off things. Build a playbook of use cases that aren’t ephemeral.”",[],{"_30":665,"_16":265,"_266":666,"_274":678,"_276":679},"c228156c21bf",[667,671,674],{"_30":668,"_16":270,"_271":669,"_146":670},"9d6d3ffd9258",[],"The companies where I see the most adoption and the most durable benefit from AI are ones that came to AI ",{"_30":672,"_16":270,"_271":673,"_146":618},"21b77ac6de87",[357],{"_30":675,"_16":270,"_271":676,"_146":677},"a0dd1112265f",[],".\" -Laura Tacho / CTO, DX",[],"blockquote",{"_30":681,"_16":265,"_266":682,"_274":687,"_276":277},"9cbbe1b594fb",[683],{"_30":684,"_16":270,"_271":685,"_146":686},"dfbb3abbb75b",[],"“Depending on the market pressures on your business, that's going to dictate how you think about a rollout. Obviously, for startups that rely heavily on individual rigor and urgency in order to get work done, the AI strategy is going to fit better with focus on individuals or small teams. Larger organizations that are dealing with decades’ worth of legacy software need to take a different approach.”",[],{"_30":689,"_16":265,"_266":690,"_274":695,"_276":380},"b6fd364a6a61",[691],{"_30":692,"_16":270,"_271":693,"_146":694},"6383886779c0",[],"How Should Engineering Teams Adopt AI?",[],{"_30":697,"_16":265,"_266":698,"_274":703,"_276":277},"14628ec7a3ab",[699],{"_30":700,"_16":270,"_271":701,"_146":702},"0644eb3d81e9",[],"The CTO empathizes with AI startup founders, who face mounting pressure from a market that moves incredibly fast. “I feel like AI tooling is being commoditized at a rate I have never seen before. A few months ago, when people evaluated tools, they were looking at which model they could use. It was a differentiating feature. And now you can use whichever model you want. Sometimes it feels like things change hourly.”",[],{"_30":705,"_16":265,"_266":706,"_274":711,"_276":277},"8ef01b409a4f",[707],{"_30":708,"_16":270,"_271":709,"_146":710},"d51e49bfa956",[],"However, the CTO notes the increasingly competitive nature of some AI product lines is at odds with the organizational benefit of keeping a unified stack, despite individual developers continuing to crave autonomy. “This is a tough one. The reality is that engineering leads feel that business pressure for vendor consolidation. No company wants to be forking over more money for an arbitrary number of vendors that all more or less solve the same problems.”",[],{"_30":713,"_16":265,"_266":714,"_274":719,"_276":277},"f7b36798e60a",[715],{"_30":716,"_16":270,"_271":717,"_146":718},"66f553aae4c5",[],"Tacho suggests that a viable alternative for startups is to offer developer stipends to allow them freedom of choice. “It’s definitely a reasonable alternative, especially in a startup environment that may be a bit more open with regards to governance, risk, and security. It’ll also depend on whether you work in consumer vs. another industry.”",[],{"_30":721,"_16":265,"_266":722,"_274":727,"_276":277},"5b7ef7b4a362",[723],{"_30":724,"_16":270,"_271":725,"_146":726},"3aa561d546e0",[],"The CTO notes that other companies do attempt to consolidate around single vendors, using targeted proof-of-concept campaigns and running bake-off comparisons between competing vendors when needed. “Some companies decide that since the market's so volatile that they’re going to trial something for six months and then figure out if things stabilize.”",[],{"_30":729,"_16":265,"_266":730,"_274":735,"_276":277},"0b4d6c188f7f",[731],{"_30":732,"_16":270,"_271":733,"_146":734},"27a8a1a77ff3",[],"“I think no matter what approach an organization takes, there are going to be shadow AI tools out there because these are tools that right now are not prohibitively expensive for developers to pay for by themselves, and that is the reality, and it happens everywhere.",[],{"_30":737,"_16":265,"_266":738,"_274":743,"_276":380},"e0a9a743391f",[739],{"_30":740,"_16":270,"_271":741,"_146":742},"9db58c07f28f",[],"How Can AI Startups Target Developers as Customers?",[],{"_30":745,"_16":265,"_266":746,"_274":751,"_276":277},"4a634dd45258",[747],{"_30":748,"_16":270,"_271":749,"_146":750},"331f1c91166e",[],"The CTO notes that while certain market factors appear to be changing, the top drivers for purchasing AI tools, or any tools, remain the same. “I just spoke to a bunch of other CTOs, and while cost was not as much of a factor in purchasing decisions last year, it definitely is this year.”",[],{"_30":753,"_16":265,"_266":754,"_274":775,"_276":277},"aa2b664ed034",[755,759,763,767,771],{"_30":756,"_16":270,"_271":757,"_146":758},"09c47ebcee3c",[],"“But ",{"_30":760,"_16":270,"_271":761,"_146":762},"f774fb057e93",[357],"accuracy",{"_30":764,"_16":270,"_271":765,"_146":766},"3bcaf1a11cff",[]," and ",{"_30":768,"_16":270,"_271":769,"_146":770},"e45a0323c78c",[357],"security",{"_30":772,"_16":270,"_271":773,"_146":774},"9112abe3800d",[]," are still top drivers for purchasing decisions. I think there's some table-stakes aspects for any AI tool that engineering teams have come to expect. Beyond the table stakes, the more that tools can illustrate better ROI and costs, the better.” Tools that can make usage metrics and data readily available will play nicer with developer productivity tooling to paint a clearer picture of ROI.",[],{"_30":777,"_16":265,"_266":778,"_274":805,"_276":277},"9aff8549c806",[779,783,787,790,794,797,801],{"_30":780,"_16":270,"_271":781,"_146":782},"f789e6fe71d6",[],"“For a long time, the primary metrics we had were ",{"_30":784,"_16":270,"_271":785,"_146":786},"019ea183d6b0",[357],"acceptance rate",{"_30":788,"_16":270,"_271":789,"_146":410},"59845b7e0654",[],{"_30":791,"_16":270,"_271":792,"_146":793},"79541bcec86f",[357],"number of licenses",{"_30":795,"_16":270,"_271":796,"_146":427},"8d36458ffd19",[],{"_30":798,"_16":270,"_271":799,"_146":800},"0fd4f5313dd7",[357],"how much was being paid for them",{"_30":802,"_16":270,"_271":803,"_146":804},"aad05ba988f9",[],". But there wasn’t much transparency when it came to how tools were actually being used. So focusing on a really robust admin API is a great way to ensure that you can build a defensible ROI case and get people to keep their wallets open.”",[],{"_30":807,"_16":265,"_266":808,"_274":813,"_276":380},"5bb4ab577ce6",[809],{"_30":810,"_16":270,"_271":811,"_146":812},"477de88b4589",[],"Opportunities for AI Products Targeting Engineering Teams",[],{"_30":815,"_16":265,"_266":816,"_274":829,"_276":277},"93865a87df07",[817,821,825],{"_30":818,"_16":270,"_271":819,"_146":820},"1273a0a32665",[],"“As mentioned, areas like general-purpose code authoring tools may be reaching a level of saturation. But beyond code generation, there are opportunities to target other use cases across the software development lifecycle: Requirements authoring, code review, or changelogs. For AI products targeting engineering teams, the most valuable use cases are the ones that are ",{"_30":822,"_16":270,"_271":823,"_146":824},"c2bd9ce32bc2",[357],"under-solved",{"_30":826,"_16":270,"_271":827,"_146":828},"a4a864a900e9",[]," right now.”",[],{"_30":831,"_16":265,"_266":832,"_274":837,"_276":277},"6e64cdf2d46f",[833],{"_30":834,"_16":270,"_271":835,"_146":836},"91ee8f9c0a9f",[],"Of course, many teams are still concerned about the non-deterministic nature of GenAI and the havoc that a hallucinating LLM might have on their codebase. However, the CTO notes that organizations that have built-in organizational resiliency tend to be the ones that make the most of AI.",[],{"_30":839,"_16":265,"_266":840,"_274":845,"_276":277},"bba9cbbaf459",[841],{"_30":842,"_16":270,"_271":843,"_146":844},"5cd8ab410955",[],"“When you introduce AI, in all its non-deterministic glory [to resilient orgs], they're not falling over. They're not bottlenecked. Whereas companies who don't [have organizational resilience] and think that AI will be a magic solution to all the problems they've been avoiding? Those companies are getting a reality check. The fundamentals don't go away just because you have AI.”",[],{"_30":847,"_16":265,"_266":848,"_274":860,"_276":679},"36375c00e3d1",[849,853,856],{"_30":850,"_16":270,"_271":851,"_146":852},"3df04aba26d5",[],"Beyond code generation, there are opportunities to target other use cases across the software development lifecycle. For AI products targeting engineering teams, the most valuable use cases are the ones that are ",{"_30":854,"_16":270,"_271":855,"_146":824},"ba209d80d01d",[357],{"_30":857,"_16":270,"_271":858,"_146":859},"3f23dea25456",[]," right now.\"",[],{"_30":862,"_16":265,"_266":863,"_274":884,"_276":277},"1569292b9daf",[864,868,872,876,880],{"_30":865,"_16":270,"_271":866,"_146":867},"2875d555a615",[],"“I think developer experience is not an outcome of using AI tools really well. It's a ",{"_30":869,"_16":270,"_271":870,"_146":871},"2df82cb79eb4",[357],"prerequisite",{"_30":873,"_16":270,"_271":874,"_146":875},"5eb089fcacc6",[]," to use them well. What's good for an individual human developer is also good for an agent. There's extra stuff that you might want to do for agents, but the physics of what makes software or codebases easy to contribute to, easy to change...that's important for AI agents ",{"_30":877,"_16":270,"_271":878,"_146":879},"eaf4db67aa68",[357],"and",{"_30":881,"_16":270,"_271":882,"_146":883},"661fd03f5d8c",[]," for humans.",[],{"_30":886,"_16":265,"_266":887,"_274":892,"_276":277},"96d624d478ea",[888],{"_30":889,"_16":270,"_271":890,"_146":891},"98e49bf3fdb0",[],"“AI is an amplifier. If you have parts of your system that are a bit garbage, they're going to be amplified garbage now. And if you have really solid engineering practices that have stayed ahead of the industry curve, then that's going to be amplified and you're going to get even better results.”",[],{"_30":894,"_16":265,"_266":895,"_274":900,"_276":277},"0b66778a3150",[896],{"_30":897,"_16":270,"_271":898,"_146":899},"22dcc00060db",[],"For AI startup founders specifically targeting engineering orgs, the slickest user interfaces and best new user experiences will only go so far. If those engineering orgs that AI themselves are struggling to maintain stable, resilient systems, they may struggle to succeed with any AI product.",[],{"_30":902,"_16":265,"_266":903,"_274":908,"_276":277},"b5599fcb63e6",[904],{"_30":905,"_16":270,"_271":906,"_146":907},"8791ada4d0c1",[],"“To those AI product builders who are concerned about whether their product will be sticky with customers, I might say: Maybe think about building tools that fix your customers’ rickety systems. Probably a less exciting problem to solve, but people have their wallets open for it right now.”",[],{"_30":910,"_16":265,"_266":911,"_274":916,"_276":277},"7b92f345cc9a",[912],{"_30":913,"_16":270,"_271":914,"_146":915},"4ab8a0ba2d26",[],"\n",[],12,"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/50q6fr1p/production/64845befec4c1deaffc6207521e99246fb71edef-1200x630.png","831ab261-12d5-4714-89b7-6b565a0b8e28","2025-09-04T05:24:00.000Z","ai-productivity-for-engineering-teams","How to Drive AI Productivity and Value for Engineering Teams","blogArticle",{"_284":925,"_294":1213,"_122":1214,"_297":1215,"_299":1216,"_301":1217,"_25":1218,"_304":923},[926,934,964,968,976,984,992,1011,1015,1023,1031,1039,1088,1096,1125,1129,1137,1156,1183,1198,1205],{"_30":927,"_16":265,"_266":928,"_274":933,"_276":277},"f0702656f3ce",[929],{"_30":930,"_16":270,"_271":931,"_146":932},"12e3cecbef78",[],"At Heavybit, we invest in enterprise infrastructure. This is an evolution from our early days as developer tools specialists, but the core thesis remains the same: We back founders building for technical users.",[],{"_30":935,"_16":265,"_266":936,"_274":959,"_276":277},"8a41bc9ee258",[937,941,946,950,955],{"_30":938,"_16":270,"_271":939,"_146":940},"cfd1d8fb69b8",[],"What’s changed is the scope of that audience. Technical users are no longer confined to engineering teams at tech startups. They now power critical workstreams across nearly every major business on the planet.Take JPMorgan Chase, for example. Over ",{"_30":942,"_16":270,"_271":943,"_146":945},"10fd1feabfea",[944],"689be382a7a4","55,000 employees",{"_30":947,"_16":270,"_271":948,"_146":949},"38a8a8d5907c",[],", more than 20% of the entire workforce, now work in tech roles like software engineering, DevOps, and data science. It’s a bank with a huge brick and mortar footprint, but its business runs on software. This shift is reflected in startup trends too: In recent ",{"_30":951,"_16":270,"_271":952,"_146":954},"6d7d3b4c1d2c",[953],"155235b855ed","YCombinator batches",{"_30":956,"_16":270,"_271":957,"_146":958},"b711481a03f6",[],", the share of companies building for technical users has grown from around 10% in 2017 to over 30% today.",[960,962],{"_30":944,"_16":42,"_335":961},"https://www.jpmorgan.com/technology/news/devup-kickoff",{"_30":953,"_16":42,"_335":963},"https://www.ycombinator.com/companies?industry=Engineering%2C%20Product%20and%20Design&industry=Infrastructure&industry=Analytics&industry=Security",{"_30":965,"_16":122,"_111":966},"637870de981a",{"_113":967,"_16":115},"image-e367316af09758310465937e130ef7bc93ab598b-1600x957-png",{"_30":969,"_16":265,"_266":970,"_274":975,"_276":277},"9075f978480f",[971],{"_30":972,"_16":270,"_271":973,"_146":974},"f8cae30504ba",[],"While it may feel like early winners have emerged with strong moats, we’re still in the earliest innings. Assuming foundational models continue improving at their current pace, many of the defining infrastructure companies of the AI era likely haven’t even been imagined yet. All the noise around vibe coding and AI codegen? Those are just tremors from an offshore quake. The real tsunami is still on its way.",[],{"_30":977,"_16":265,"_266":978,"_274":983,"_276":277},"d16a6340c721",[979],{"_30":980,"_16":270,"_271":981,"_146":982},"d737945f8ba3",[],"",[],{"_30":985,"_16":265,"_266":986,"_274":991,"_276":462},"ab5be137d4c4",[987],{"_30":988,"_16":270,"_271":989,"_146":990},"85a7183ce0b0",[],"Racing to Capture the Budget",[],{"_30":993,"_16":265,"_266":994,"_274":1008,"_276":277},"b4f660ba03ed",[995,999,1004],{"_30":996,"_16":270,"_271":997,"_146":998},"851545d4e27d",[],"According to ",{"_30":1000,"_16":270,"_271":1001,"_146":1003},"9a59978663c6",[1002],"c00c3b92acd7","McKinsey",{"_30":1005,"_16":270,"_271":1006,"_146":1007},"5db805af2332",[],", in 2014 enterprises spent 75% of their IT budgets on labor. By 2024, that number dropped to 58%. Hardware spend stayed flat—the biggest change came from a surge in external software spend, as SaaS tools ate into internal headcount.",[1009],{"_30":1002,"_16":42,"_335":1010},"https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/mckinsey-digital/our-insights/the-new-economics-of-enterprise-technology-in-an-ai-world?utm_source=chatgpt.com",{"_30":1012,"_16":122,"_111":1013},"7310beb3720b",{"_113":1014,"_16":115},"image-30f5e976974197ad71c6479a30fabc93243d986f-1600x1231-png",{"_30":1016,"_16":265,"_266":1017,"_274":1022,"_276":277},"f7e4dfda0e8a",[1018],{"_30":1019,"_16":270,"_271":1020,"_146":1021},"02db666808fd",[],"This trend will only accelerate with the rise of AI.",[],{"_30":1024,"_16":265,"_266":1025,"_274":1030,"_276":277},"8a40b92765b0",[1026],{"_30":1027,"_16":270,"_271":1028,"_146":1029},"15a4b594b923",[],"Two major categories of new infrastructure companies are emerging to capture this shift:",[],{"_30":1032,"_16":265,"_266":1033,"_274":1038,"_276":462},"9f40fbe0814c",[1034],{"_30":1035,"_16":270,"_271":1036,"_146":1037},"9bd479f94405",[],"User-Down Startups",[],{"_30":1040,"_16":265,"_266":1041,"_274":1080,"_276":277},"81cd47c04a4a",[1042,1046,1050,1054,1058,1062,1067,1071,1076],{"_30":1043,"_16":270,"_271":1044,"_146":1045},"114c49c8445e",[],"These startups give superpowers to existing technical personas, or aim to replace them entirely, by embedding intelligence into their workflows from the top down. Some are AI-native productivity tools (like ",{"_30":1047,"_16":270,"_271":1048,"_146":423},"468b2bd8e46d",[1049],"a71c0bcae2c2",{"_30":1051,"_16":270,"_271":1052,"_146":1053},"66c7e5597aa5",[],"), while others reimagine the workflow altogether (like ",{"_30":1055,"_16":270,"_271":1056,"_146":415},"8bc199a1d99d",[1057],"3e9863afd64d",{"_30":1059,"_16":270,"_271":1060,"_146":1061},"e04ba9543fef",[],"). Their main competitor is often just a new feature in an incumbent tool: Why adopt ",{"_30":1063,"_16":270,"_271":1064,"_146":1066},"9cf67f959834",[1065],"a77c158739d7","Nao",{"_30":1068,"_16":270,"_271":1069,"_146":1070},"9e3f4bef9b81",[]," when ",{"_30":1072,"_16":270,"_271":1073,"_146":1075},"39c75852023e",[1074],"fdc5f8744afe","Hex just shipped Magic",{"_30":1077,"_16":270,"_271":1078,"_146":1079},"771e51ee948a",[],"?",[1081,1083,1084,1086],{"_30":1049,"_16":42,"_335":1082},"https://cursor.com/en",{"_30":1057,"_16":42,"_335":445},{"_30":1065,"_16":42,"_335":1085},"https://getnao.io/",{"_30":1074,"_16":42,"_335":1087},"https://hex.tech/capability/ai/",{"_30":1089,"_16":265,"_266":1090,"_274":1095,"_276":462},"c22c35ec02b8",[1091],{"_30":1092,"_16":270,"_271":1093,"_146":1094},"24c8ad7c3dbb",[],"Tech-Up Startups",[],{"_30":1097,"_16":265,"_266":1098,"_274":1120,"_276":277},"fa6aa1fdb92f",[1099,1103,1108,1111,1116],{"_30":1100,"_16":270,"_271":1101,"_146":1102},"c1d50ad85f69",[],"These companies build the underlying stack for AI-native applications. The first wave included ",{"_30":1104,"_16":270,"_271":1105,"_146":1107},"2ae4dc927f09",[1106,357],"f614d93ebe31","evaluation frameworks",{"_30":1109,"_16":270,"_271":1110,"_146":766},"4129bb142c46",[],{"_30":1112,"_16":270,"_271":1113,"_146":1115},"5d5f85cf92c7",[1114,357],"5136c5c3a9af","vector databases",{"_30":1117,"_16":270,"_271":1118,"_146":1119},"fcf85af38b28",[],". But a new set of primitives is coming—tools that make the emerging intelligence stack usable by builders and deployers. Many of these companies will sell into the same enterprise infra budgets indirectly, by powering the top-down apps.",[1121,1123],{"_30":1106,"_16":42,"_335":1122},"https://www.ibm.com/think/insights/llm-evaluation",{"_30":1114,"_16":42,"_335":1124},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_database",{"_30":1126,"_16":122,"_111":1127},"1e34f02bb262",{"_113":1128,"_16":115},"image-9e1c674392a1eaf42b3cb3649badd1ecce7523b7-1067x493-png",{"_30":1130,"_16":265,"_266":1131,"_274":1136,"_276":462},"8290d0adcfce",[1132],{"_30":1133,"_16":270,"_271":1134,"_146":1135},"f39d081b232e",[],"Winning Founding Teams for Each Segment",[],{"_30":1138,"_16":265,"_266":1139,"_274":1153,"_276":277},"d06ee173ae78",[1140,1144,1149],{"_30":1141,"_16":270,"_271":1142,"_146":1143},"faa1db79da49",[],"When evaluating early-stage companies, we focus on founder-market fit and ",{"_30":1145,"_16":270,"_271":1146,"_146":1148},"4abde0f7d91a",[1147,357],"e8d2f9bc1e7b","total addressable market",{"_30":1150,"_16":270,"_271":1151,"_146":1152},"300cc5b054b8",[],". But the signal I’m looking for is less “Can they build the product?” and more on whether the founder can demonstrate that they can win deals and build sales momentum. For me, that signal is different for each of the two segments.",[1154],{"_30":1147,"_16":42,"_335":1155},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_addressable_market",{"_30":1157,"_16":265,"_266":1158,"_274":1180,"_276":277},"6ade45acf700",[1159,1163,1167,1171,1176],{"_30":1160,"_16":270,"_271":1161,"_146":1162},"bd4e52023e57",[],"For ",{"_30":1164,"_16":270,"_271":1165,"_146":1166},"7d2c39a2f09b",[364],"user-down companies",{"_30":1168,"_16":270,"_271":1169,"_146":1170},"3846d185ed1b",[],", at least one founder must have deep experience in the role they’re trying to augment or replace. You can't sell DevSecOps tooling if you do not speak the language of DevSecOps. A prime example is ",{"_30":1172,"_16":270,"_271":1173,"_146":1175},"af8fae5ab3d5",[1174],"ed6d69b10de7","Harvey",{"_30":1177,"_16":270,"_271":1178,"_146":1179},"f43475c6ec26",[],", where one co-founder was a lawyer and half of the first 120 hires came from top law firms.",[1181],{"_30":1174,"_16":42,"_335":1182},"https://www.harvey.ai",{"_30":1184,"_16":265,"_266":1185,"_274":1197,"_276":277},"339732843c6a",[1186,1189,1193],{"_30":1187,"_16":270,"_271":1188,"_146":1162},"4146219a7274",[],{"_30":1190,"_16":270,"_271":1191,"_146":1192},"12de13e45089",[364],"tech-up companies",{"_30":1194,"_16":270,"_271":1195,"_146":1196},"83a5b39dd0ba",[],", I look for founders who know how to build for developers: Great developer experience, smart open-source strategy, and real community building. These users hate being sold to, but they are drawn to great docs and communities that help each other debug in online spaces like Discord.",[],{"_30":1199,"_16":265,"_266":1200,"_274":1204,"_276":277},"0d27f054600b",[1201],{"_30":1202,"_16":270,"_271":1203,"_146":982},"425cdb24ebd1",[357],[],{"_30":1206,"_16":265,"_266":1207,"_274":1212,"_276":277},"9dd3b472a6f2",[1208],{"_30":1209,"_16":270,"_271":1210,"_146":1211},"a6b3cbea9909",[357],"If you're building in either of these categories, I'd love to hear from you: amir [at] heavybit.com",[],4,"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/50q6fr1p/production/de869e6f6231e776a6a5f8088ac4aca6e172eda4-1200x630.png","aa6b028d-27cd-4e2b-9803-edde8656e076","2025-08-14T17:40:00.000Z","how-ai-is-reshaping-enterprise-infrastructure","How AI Is Reshaping Enterprise Infrastructure","recent",[1221,2973,3311],{"_284":1222,"_294":2967,"_122":2968,"_297":2969,"_299":2970,"_301":2971,"_25":2972,"_304":923},[1223,1231,1271,1290,1312,1319,1338,1368,1371,1379,1390,1400,1411,1422,1425,1433,1463,1471,1483,1495,1507,1519,1531,1543,1562,1570,1578,1586,1593,1601,1613,1646,1680,1692,1700,1708,1716,1724,1732,1740,1748,1759,1770,1781,1792,1800,1808,1816,1824,1843,1851,1859,1867,1875,1883,1891,1899,1907,1915,1922,1930,1938,1946,1954,1961,1969,1977,2029,2037,2044,2051,2059,2067,2074,2093,2101,2109,2117,2125,2133,2141,2149,2157,2164,2172,2180,2187,2195,2202,2209,2217,2225,2232,2240,2248,2256,2271,2286,2301,2309,2316,2323,2331,2339,2347,2355,2363,2371,2379,2387,2395,2403,2411,2419,2426,2434,2441,2449,2468,2475,2482,2490,2498,2505,2513,2521,2528,2535,2543,2550,2558,2570,2582,2636,2644,2652,2660,2675,2683,2691,2699,2707,2715,2723,2731,2743,2755,2767,2779,2791,2803,2815,2827,2868,2876,2883,2890,2898,2905,2913,2920,2928,2936,2943,2951,2959],{"_30":1224,"_16":265,"_266":1225,"_274":1230,"_276":380},"a6399587d8a1",[1226],{"_30":1227,"_16":270,"_271":1228,"_146":1229},"8ce5c5b51263",[],"Introduction to Training an LLM",[],{"_30":1232,"_16":265,"_266":1233,"_274":1265,"_276":277},"0e69c3910248",[1234,1238,1243,1247,1252,1256,1261],{"_30":1235,"_16":270,"_271":1236,"_146":1237},"b5ac2b6b3fd3",[],"Organizations of all sizes and maturity levels are adopting artificial intelligence (AI) quickly. While enterprises are notorious for",{"_30":1239,"_16":270,"_271":1240,"_146":1242},"65ae6e8a770d",[1241],"977b250d5e29"," slower adoption",{"_30":1244,"_16":270,"_271":1245,"_146":1246},"71d7c15b714b",[],", their retention rates for AI applications are now hitting",{"_30":1248,"_16":270,"_271":1249,"_146":1251},"4b5d25a9ee77",[1250],"0d11a753d96f"," 63% annually",{"_30":1253,"_16":270,"_271":1254,"_146":1255},"ad3f903a3771",[],", up from 41% the previous year. So while there are arguably overhyped, generic use cases that could fizzle out, AI is",{"_30":1257,"_16":270,"_271":1258,"_146":1260},"1ea7e8b7eef9",[1259],"3539ba7296a9"," becoming stickier",{"_30":1262,"_16":270,"_271":1263,"_146":1264},"4d41aef2957c",[]," in some places.",[1266,1267,1269],{"_30":1241,"_16":42,"_335":488},{"_30":1250,"_16":42,"_335":1268},"https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbestechcouncil/2025/02/05/why-enterprise-ai-adoption-is-finally-reaching-its-tipping-point-a-guide-for-corporate-leaders/",{"_30":1259,"_16":42,"_335":1270},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/prompting-chatgpt-programming-llm-software-development",{"_30":1272,"_16":265,"_266":1273,"_274":1287,"_276":277},"b6739aa2a6c2",[1274,1278,1283],{"_30":1275,"_16":270,"_271":1276,"_146":1277},"97b07bade036",[],"If you’re at an",{"_30":1279,"_16":270,"_271":1280,"_146":1282},"b9622a6c7387",[1281],"c62a39db8c0a"," organization that’s already leveraging generative AI",{"_30":1284,"_16":270,"_271":1285,"_146":1286},"a77be8063224",[],", you may be tasked with exploring innovative applications for it. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a range of opportunities, but while pre-trained LLMs like the ChatGPT family from OpenAI and the Llama family from META are excellent for general purposes, there’s a good chance your company will need custom LLM models that are a bit more bespoke.",[1288],{"_30":1281,"_16":42,"_335":1289},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/future-of-ai-coding-genai",{"_30":1291,"_16":110,"_341":1292,"_111":1293,"_345":1295,"_347":1292,"_349":1296},"8681d46038f3","Heavybit: Train LLMs on your own data",{"_113":1294,"_16":115},"image-0266788f35bc1118319d84bbc32bd1b7b715dcb8-4000x2250-jpg","Heavybit",[1297],{"_30":1298,"_16":265,"_266":1299,"_274":1309,"_276":277},"15c937478e0a",[1300,1304],{"_30":1301,"_16":270,"_271":1302,"_146":1303},"8cd616692996",[],"Training LLMs on your own data requires processing, model engineering, setup, testing, and iteration. ",{"_30":1305,"_16":270,"_271":1306,"_146":1308},"3341ccdb16bb",[1307,363,357],"ed5d975da551","Click to zoom in on this infographic.",[1310],{"_30":1307,"_16":42,"_335":1311},"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/50q6fr1p/production/0266788f35bc1118319d84bbc32bd1b7b715dcb8-4000x2250.jpg",{"_30":1313,"_16":265,"_266":1314,"_274":1318,"_276":277},"b3e8ad3f66f9",[1315],{"_30":1316,"_16":270,"_271":1317,"_146":982},"09110967b1ff",[],[],{"_30":1320,"_16":265,"_266":1321,"_274":1335,"_276":277},"017e0464b625",[1322,1326,1331],{"_30":1323,"_16":270,"_271":1324,"_146":1325},"0d88d17d13d4",[],"Teams can optimize models for better on-the-fly performance using techniques like",{"_30":1327,"_16":270,"_271":1328,"_146":1330},"72bca12cee19",[1329],"cd448e36593c"," retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)",{"_30":1332,"_16":270,"_271":1333,"_146":1334},"1c0f3bc08941",[],", or they can take the approach of training their LLM on their own data. (Note that a training project, the initialization of an AI model’s weights against a dataset, differs from a fine-tuning LLM project, which further trains pre-trained models and is often even more costly in terms of computational resources).",[1336],{"_30":1329,"_16":42,"_335":1337},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/rag-vs-fine-tuning",{"_30":1339,"_16":265,"_266":1340,"_274":1363,"_276":277},"9071a9e4fb58",[1341,1345,1350,1354,1359],{"_30":1342,"_16":270,"_271":1343,"_146":1344},"d37f5bff4703",[],"Whether you're building a chatbot with expertise fueled by internal documentation, generating domain-specific content, building a",{"_30":1346,"_16":270,"_271":1347,"_146":1349},"ff69fa245d49",[1348],"8a8f6d620c5d"," natural-language processing (NLP)",{"_30":1351,"_16":270,"_271":1352,"_146":1353},"0724750bc08d",[],"-focused",{"_30":1355,"_16":270,"_271":1356,"_146":1358},"5f30dce4a8ef",[1357],"7f220939a0fd"," BERT model",{"_30":1360,"_16":270,"_271":1361,"_146":1362},"cce76ef5fe75",[]," for a text data or text generation use case, or enhancing existing models with proprietary knowledge, this tutorial will walk you through the practical steps required to train a language model on your own dataset.",[1364,1366],{"_30":1348,"_16":42,"_335":1365},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_language_processing",{"_30":1357,"_16":42,"_335":1367},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model)",{"_30":1369,"_16":122,"_111":1370},"71f3d6c2eb40",{"_113":453,"_16":115},{"_30":1372,"_16":265,"_266":1373,"_274":1378,"_276":462},"9980872013aa",[1374],{"_30":1375,"_16":270,"_271":1376,"_146":1377},"8f0616078cf0",[],"More Resources on LLM Engineering",[],{"_30":1380,"_16":265,"_266":1381,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1387,"_276":277},"52d136e50b86",[1382],{"_30":1383,"_16":270,"_271":1384,"_146":1386},"3a1e7e239739",[1385],"51f7019d065f","Article: LLM Fine-Tuning: A Guide for Engineering Teams in 2025",[1388],{"_30":1385,"_16":42,"_335":1389},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/llm-fine-tuning",{"_30":1391,"_16":265,"_266":1392,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1398,"_276":277},"b90365c48cb8",[1393],{"_30":1394,"_16":270,"_271":1395,"_146":1397},"0211029c56af",[1396],"774350bf476d","Article: RAG vs. Fine-Tuning: What Dev Teams Need to Know",[1399],{"_30":1396,"_16":42,"_335":1337},{"_30":1401,"_16":265,"_266":1402,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1408,"_276":277},"7a83b822584d",[1403],{"_30":1404,"_16":270,"_271":1405,"_146":1407},"8dcbb68adbde",[1406],"be97ab70f307","Article: Synthetic Data for AI: Purpose and Use Cases",[1409],{"_30":1406,"_16":42,"_335":1410},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/synthetic-data-for-ai",{"_30":1412,"_16":265,"_266":1413,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1419,"_276":277},"54d3ce84a16e",[1414],{"_30":1415,"_16":270,"_271":1416,"_146":1418},"d98b34615398",[1417],"c886ace6e24a","Article: How to Create Data Pipelines",[1420],{"_30":1417,"_16":42,"_335":1421},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-to-create-data-pipelines",{"_30":1423,"_16":122,"_111":1424},"2989adc68ef0",{"_113":453,"_16":115},{"_30":1426,"_16":265,"_266":1427,"_274":1432,"_276":462},"3dc8452f6bb0",[1428],{"_30":1429,"_16":270,"_271":1430,"_146":1431},"0ef22361eadf",[],"What Is an LLM and Its Key Components?",[],{"_30":1434,"_16":265,"_266":1435,"_274":1458,"_276":277},"4ab475bdf11e",[1436,1440,1445,1449,1454],{"_30":1437,"_16":270,"_271":1438,"_146":1439},"dfdf24648eb6",[],"If you’re reading this, there’s already a good chance you know about LLMs, here’s a brief recap. An LLM is a deep learning model trained to understand and generate human language. LLMs are commonly built on the",{"_30":1441,"_16":270,"_271":1442,"_146":1444},"a42d067fb740",[1443],"f10bc77397f6"," Transformer architecture",{"_30":1446,"_16":270,"_271":1447,"_146":1448},"cbef3de8d5e2",[],", introduced in the seminal \"",{"_30":1450,"_16":270,"_271":1451,"_146":1453},"de9052028c45",[1452],"a7769067698b","Attention is All You Need",{"_30":1455,"_16":270,"_271":1456,"_146":1457},"00adc4ff135f",[],"\" paper.",[1459,1461],{"_30":1443,"_16":42,"_335":1460},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer_(deep_learning_architecture)",{"_30":1452,"_16":42,"_335":1462},"https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762",{"_30":1464,"_16":265,"_266":1465,"_274":1470,"_276":277},"79e56bc43c57",[1466],{"_30":1467,"_16":270,"_271":1468,"_146":1469},"8589ac125a91",[],"Key components of an LLM include:",[],{"_30":1472,"_16":265,"_266":1473,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1482,"_276":277},"d16b8cd3ddfa",[1474,1478],{"_30":1475,"_16":270,"_271":1476,"_146":1477},"91329b0ce3d4",[364],"Tokenization:",{"_30":1479,"_16":270,"_271":1480,"_146":1481},"24c7f1508da4",[]," Breaks inputted text into manageable units/tokens (such as words or subwords) so it’s machine-readable.",[],{"_30":1484,"_16":265,"_266":1485,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1494,"_276":277},"df1c73b6c0eb",[1486,1490],{"_30":1487,"_16":270,"_271":1488,"_146":1489},"258fd9bced23",[364],"Embedding Layer:",{"_30":1491,"_16":270,"_271":1492,"_146":1493},"8d813909c24d",[]," Maps tokens to high-dimensional vectors. These embeddings are updated during model training to capture task-specific meaning.",[],{"_30":1496,"_16":265,"_266":1497,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1506,"_276":277},"ce34cd758ab4",[1498,1502],{"_30":1499,"_16":270,"_271":1500,"_146":1501},"1bca2ab083ee",[364],"Positional Encoding:",{"_30":1503,"_16":270,"_271":1504,"_146":1505},"b8841f98c482",[]," Added to token embeddings to give the model information about the position of each token in the sequence.",[],{"_30":1508,"_16":265,"_266":1509,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1518,"_276":277},"76d55bc27217",[1510,1514],{"_30":1511,"_16":270,"_271":1512,"_146":1513},"34f8cfebe47f",[364],"Attention Mechanisms:",{"_30":1515,"_16":270,"_271":1516,"_146":1517},"cbb723a92424",[]," Allows the model to weigh the relationships between all tokens in a sequence, and dynamically focus on the most relevant components of the context for each token.",[],{"_30":1520,"_16":265,"_266":1521,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1530,"_276":277},"8b720d3c6d00",[1522,1526],{"_30":1523,"_16":270,"_271":1524,"_146":1525},"7c253cfba82e",[364],"Feed-Forward Networks:",{"_30":1527,"_16":270,"_271":1528,"_146":1529},"cf9a2b6d5a47",[]," Process each position independently, and enrich the model’s capacity to detect and process complex patterns per the model’s algorithms.",[],{"_30":1532,"_16":265,"_266":1533,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1542,"_276":277},"b2400571263c",[1534,1538],{"_30":1535,"_16":270,"_271":1536,"_146":1537},"0366238f7b35",[364],"Output Layer:",{"_30":1539,"_16":270,"_271":1540,"_146":1541},"cb097c884067",[]," Converts the final token representations into probabilities over the vocabulary, which then generates predictions, such as the next token in a sequence.",[],{"_30":1544,"_16":265,"_266":1545,"_274":1559,"_276":277},"6c4571fec1e1",[1546,1550,1555],{"_30":1547,"_16":270,"_271":1548,"_146":1549},"d4c21dc4f2c0",[],"When combined, these elements of an LLM create a pipeline that transforms your inputted raw text into outputted",{"_30":1551,"_16":270,"_271":1552,"_146":1554},"bfcf7e0e534a",[1553],"955440818a39"," meaningful predictions",{"_30":1556,"_16":270,"_271":1557,"_146":1558},"a648856fd6d8",[]," with nuanced understanding and context-aware sensitivity. Now let’s talk about how to apply that to your organization.",[1560],{"_30":1553,"_16":42,"_335":1561},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/ai-inference",{"_30":1563,"_16":265,"_266":1564,"_274":1569,"_276":380},"8012c53cf0be",[1565],{"_30":1566,"_16":270,"_271":1567,"_146":1568},"26dabdc33c73",[],"Why Train an LLM on Your Own Data?",[],{"_30":1571,"_16":265,"_266":1572,"_274":1577,"_276":277},"d73ea082ccdf",[1573],{"_30":1574,"_16":270,"_271":1575,"_146":1576},"a2c65cd84ae4",[],"If you have a common medical problem, such as a cough or headache, you’re probably fine going to see a doctor who is a general practitioner. On the other hand, if there are recurring concerns about specific parts of your body, such as your knees or shoulders, you might want to schedule an appointment with someone who specializes in that field, such as an orthopedic surgeon. The value of your own LLM, trained to focus on your users’ needs, can be seen in a similar way.",[],{"_30":1579,"_16":265,"_266":1580,"_274":1585,"_276":277},"02c6fe3d89a4",[1581],{"_30":1582,"_16":270,"_271":1583,"_146":1584},"5bf9c0a71c24",[],"While GPT-4, for instance, might be able to provide a broad overview of what your organization does at a high level — based on publicly available information — it’s not going to be able to do so with the same level of granular knowledge that is common amongst your co-workers.",[],{"_30":1587,"_16":265,"_266":1588,"_274":1592,"_276":277},"c1b7a7e56c46",[1589],{"_30":1590,"_16":270,"_271":1591,"_146":982},"a4ce084fe742",[],[],{"_30":1594,"_16":265,"_266":1595,"_274":1600,"_276":277},"fdd766dfd996",[1596],{"_30":1597,"_16":270,"_271":1598,"_146":1599},"9dcf25f638a4",[],"By training an LLM on your own dataset, you can achieve:",[],{"_30":1602,"_16":265,"_266":1603,"_274":1612,"_276":277},"2babe1df0a62",[1604,1608],{"_30":1605,"_16":270,"_271":1606,"_146":1607},"c2345bf86f48",[364],"Domain Knowledge:",{"_30":1609,"_16":270,"_271":1610,"_146":1611},"354423d39a3e",[]," General models will struggle with niche terminology or specialized workflows. By training your own LLM on your own specific data tailored to your use case (like support tickets, codebases, or datasheets), you ensure the model internalizes domain-specific vocabulary, abbreviations, and context.",[],{"_30":1614,"_16":265,"_266":1615,"_274":1642,"_276":277},"eff652765c59",[1616,1620,1624,1629,1633,1638],{"_30":1617,"_16":270,"_271":1618,"_146":1619},"c0dc64eaf562",[364],"Better Performance:",{"_30":1621,"_16":270,"_271":1622,"_146":1623},"80720adb7a32",[]," Generic models can be imprecise on narrow tasks.",{"_30":1625,"_16":270,"_271":1626,"_146":1628},"ba195bedbcbe",[1627],"9810080ef9f3"," Fine-tuning",{"_30":1630,"_16":270,"_271":1631,"_146":1632},"58145107b894",[]," on task-relevant examples, such as customer questions, code reviews, or internal documentation, significantly boosts accuracy, relevance, and reliability. For use cases where data freshness is critical, updating your data (such as via a",{"_30":1634,"_16":270,"_271":1635,"_146":1637},"6e48850fe2cf",[1636],"4a6eadff5615"," data pipeline",{"_30":1639,"_16":270,"_271":1640,"_146":1641},"c317a37d875b",[],") using a real-time cadence may be necessary.",[1643,1645],{"_30":1627,"_16":42,"_335":1644},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-to-make-open-llms-work-in-practice",{"_30":1636,"_16":42,"_335":1421},{"_30":1647,"_16":265,"_266":1648,"_274":1675,"_276":277},"fb7c76ae74a0",[1649,1653,1657,1662,1666,1671],{"_30":1650,"_16":270,"_271":1651,"_146":1652},"10b3cc973f92",[364],"Privacy and Control:",{"_30":1654,"_16":270,"_271":1655,"_146":1656},"4598d730d126",[]," If you choose to host and train your own LLM on-premise or within a secure cloud environment, you’ll ensure that sensitive, regulated, or proprietary data stays within your",{"_30":1658,"_16":270,"_271":1659,"_146":1661},"47188695285e",[1660],"408d06df4f75"," infrastructure",{"_30":1663,"_16":270,"_271":1664,"_146":1665},"3e2d44731d4c",[],". This is especially",{"_30":1667,"_16":270,"_271":1668,"_146":1670},"11676f23b056",[1669],"673cf4527d26"," important for industries",{"_30":1672,"_16":270,"_271":1673,"_146":1674},"f6289cade65e",[]," with compliance requirements or IP concerns.",[1676,1678],{"_30":1660,"_16":42,"_335":1677},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/collections/ai-infrastructure",{"_30":1669,"_16":42,"_335":1679},"https://www.heavybit.com/library/article/how-llm-guardrails-reduce-ai-risk-in-software-development",{"_30":1681,"_16":265,"_266":1682,"_274":1691,"_276":277},"28a6bec21ee5",[1683,1687],{"_30":1684,"_16":270,"_271":1685,"_146":1686},"c1c9b97d8529",[364],"Customization:",{"_30":1688,"_16":270,"_271":1689,"_146":1690},"ce693571ded0",[]," By fine-tuning the model's highly-sensitive behavior, you can better match your organization’s brand voice, formatting standards, or response strategies. This leads to a more consistent and aligned user experience across your product or platform.",[],{"_30":1693,"_16":265,"_266":1694,"_274":1699,"_276":277},"3c7b494ec018",[1695],{"_30":1696,"_16":270,"_271":1697,"_146":1698},"60eb9ac95a33",[],"Training an LLM on your own training data turns a general-purpose tool into a purpose-built solution aligned exclusively with your environment, goals, and constraints. That said, anyone who has successfully built, launched, and maintained in-house tools knows it can all seem easier said than done.",[],{"_30":1701,"_16":265,"_266":1702,"_274":1707,"_276":380},"435fd9b87290",[1703],{"_30":1704,"_16":270,"_271":1705,"_146":1706},"8bbcff7894d2",[],"How to Train an LLM on Your Own Data: A Step-by-Step Guide",[],{"_30":1709,"_16":265,"_266":1710,"_274":1715,"_276":277},"54d2393ad9f5",[1711],{"_30":1712,"_16":270,"_271":1713,"_146":1714},"8faaf6301622",[],"The success of training your own LLM using training data you own hinges on a variety of factors, but let’s outline the broad steps, using Python and open-source tools where available for simplicity.",[],{"_30":1717,"_16":265,"_266":1718,"_274":1723,"_276":462},"d14efe9f79e3",[1719],{"_30":1720,"_16":270,"_271":1721,"_146":1722},"1be386a89492",[],"1. Collect and Process Your Data",[],{"_30":1725,"_16":265,"_266":1726,"_274":1731,"_276":277},"f58a2424fb87",[1727],{"_30":1728,"_16":270,"_271":1729,"_146":1730},"f6d19573d3e0",[],"It’s a lot easier and efficient to train your model if your assembled training data is cleaned up and standardized. Below are steps and tools to get high-quality data ready (and build a custom dataset as needed):",[],{"_30":1733,"_16":265,"_266":1734,"_274":1739,"_276":277},"a7be667fd782",[1735],{"_30":1736,"_16":270,"_271":1737,"_146":1738},"bcfc1277316e",[364],"Data Collection",[],{"_30":1741,"_16":265,"_266":1742,"_274":1747,"_276":277},"b41d5175ce43",[1743],{"_30":1744,"_16":270,"_271":1745,"_146":1746},"4a633c39c71e",[],"Here are a few sources to either sample or start datasets:",[],{"_30":1749,"_16":265,"_266":1750,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1756,"_276":277},"b8faef395a35",[1751],{"_30":1752,"_16":270,"_271":1753,"_146":1755},"afb9f16478bd",[1754],"cf5c693d8b8b","Hugging Face",[1757],{"_30":1754,"_16":42,"_335":1758},"https://huggingface.co/datasets",{"_30":1760,"_16":265,"_266":1761,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1767,"_276":277},"d52c81ba1362",[1762],{"_30":1763,"_16":270,"_271":1764,"_146":1766},"5fe38fe8151d",[1765],"6bfc539e4511","Kaggle",[1768],{"_30":1765,"_16":42,"_335":1769},"https://www.kaggle.com/datasets",{"_30":1771,"_16":265,"_266":1772,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1778,"_276":277},"0020bcb8fa03",[1773],{"_30":1774,"_16":270,"_271":1775,"_146":1777},"032270edcf9f",[1776],"6a0fc6040371","GitHub Repositories",[1779],{"_30":1776,"_16":42,"_335":1780},"https://github.com/",{"_30":1782,"_16":265,"_266":1783,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1789,"_276":277},"87cf9b5e90ed",[1784],{"_30":1785,"_16":270,"_271":1786,"_146":1788},"a41bd5ab3e93",[1787],"84dedaae3a5a","DataCamp",[1790],{"_30":1787,"_16":42,"_335":1791},"https://www.datacamp.com/",{"_30":1793,"_16":265,"_266":1794,"_274":1799,"_276":277},"0bc9363eb7b5",[1795],{"_30":1796,"_16":270,"_271":1797,"_146":1798},"f9015129e83e",[],"For the actual contents of your data, you’ll need to figure out what items make the most sense for your use case, such as:",[],{"_30":1801,"_16":265,"_266":1802,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1807,"_276":277},"b46620f2256d",[1803],{"_30":1804,"_16":270,"_271":1805,"_146":1806},"9258aa31c662",[],"Internal documentation",[],{"_30":1809,"_16":265,"_266":1810,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1815,"_276":277},"cba51ec4eb06",[1811],{"_30":1812,"_16":270,"_271":1813,"_146":1814},"f96929df15ae",[],"CRM or support tickets",[],{"_30":1817,"_16":265,"_266":1818,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1823,"_276":277},"381813992645",[1819],{"_30":1820,"_16":270,"_271":1821,"_146":1822},"5c86f748fbe4",[],"Chat logs or Slack messages",[],{"_30":1825,"_16":265,"_266":1826,"_274":1840,"_276":277},"039644394654",[1827,1831,1836],{"_30":1828,"_16":270,"_271":1829,"_146":1830},"0d4af49a2851",[],"If you’re building a customer support LLM, for example, you can start with a dataset like",{"_30":1832,"_16":270,"_271":1833,"_146":1835},"96562f5665bf",[1834],"f278daf38b23"," MultiWOZ",{"_30":1837,"_16":270,"_271":1838,"_146":1839},"b1bea17e7055",[],", which is a collection of multi-domain task-oriented dialogues.",[1841],{"_30":1834,"_16":42,"_335":1842},"https://huggingface.co/datasets/pfb30/multi_woz_v22",{"_30":1844,"_16":265,"_266":1845,"_274":1850,"_276":277},"5c27a11f692d",[1846],{"_30":1847,"_16":270,"_271":1848,"_146":1849},"02bce45544db",[364],"Preprocess Your Data",[],{"_30":1852,"_16":265,"_266":1853,"_274":1858,"_276":277},"8e3d25feaee7",[1854],{"_30":1855,"_16":270,"_271":1856,"_146":1857},"326ace37baa5",[],"Once you’ve got your data, you’ll need to prepare it for training. Preprocessing your training data will result in greater efficiency and reduced latency. Here’s what you need to look for:",[],{"_30":1860,"_16":265,"_266":1861,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1866,"_276":277},"7e6fea715c36",[1862],{"_30":1863,"_16":270,"_271":1864,"_146":1865},"42564f134e7b",[],"Remove duplicates to avoid skewing your model",[],{"_30":1868,"_16":265,"_266":1869,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1874,"_276":277},"36c003978211",[1870],{"_30":1871,"_16":270,"_271":1872,"_146":1873},"8fc4db96a9ca",[],"Watch for data gaps and remove rows with missing context",[],{"_30":1876,"_16":265,"_266":1877,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1882,"_276":277},"b83a1da66d3b",[1878],{"_30":1879,"_16":270,"_271":1880,"_146":1881},"8a46aab4cf51",[],"Filter incomplete examples, such as dialogues without responses",[],{"_30":1884,"_16":265,"_266":1885,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1890,"_276":277},"95a263361cd8",[1886],{"_30":1887,"_16":270,"_271":1888,"_146":1889},"5da8fe319dcc",[],"Label your data if needed for supervised fine-tuning",[],{"_30":1892,"_16":265,"_266":1893,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1898,"_276":277},"f5c6e7caa203",[1894],{"_30":1895,"_16":270,"_271":1896,"_146":1897},"5a44eab38a8b",[],"Eliminate HTML tags and special characters",[],{"_30":1900,"_16":265,"_266":1901,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":1906,"_276":277},"35d65f06af5e",[1902],{"_30":1903,"_16":270,"_271":1904,"_146":1905},"4ceeccf4f939",[],"Normalize text (lowercasing, removing stopwords, etc.)",[],{"_30":1908,"_16":265,"_266":1909,"_274":1914,"_276":277},"7391d0d52865",[1910],{"_30":1911,"_16":270,"_271":1912,"_146":1913},"84a85bd49e14",[],"Finally, tokenize and convert your text to a numerical format using tools like Hugging Face's tokenizer:",[],{"_30":1916,"_16":265,"_266":1917,"_274":1921,"_276":277},"b1bf8c40d9f9",[1918],{"_30":1919,"_16":270,"_271":1920,"_146":982},"8bfe355d2893",[],[],{"_30":1923,"_16":265,"_266":1924,"_274":1929,"_276":277},"dfc9607744e1",[1925],{"_30":1926,"_16":270,"_271":1927,"_146":1928},"5de4855bdce9",[357,364],"python",[],{"_30":1931,"_16":265,"_266":1932,"_274":1937,"_276":277},"25dace9605dd",[1933],{"_30":1934,"_16":270,"_271":1935,"_146":1936},"6cfa6f96119e",[357,364],"from transformers import AutoTokenizer",[],{"_30":1939,"_16":265,"_266":1940,"_274":1945,"_276":277},"76fe1acc92bb",[1941],{"_30":1942,"_16":270,"_271":1943,"_146":1944},"6d9f44a5201e",[357,364],"sample_text = \"Hello, how can I help you today?\"",[],{"_30":1947,"_16":265,"_266":1948,"_274":1953,"_276":277},"4478003ae768",[1949],{"_30":1950,"_16":270,"_271":1951,"_146":1952},"691f6e5b3384",[357,364],"tokens = tokenizer(sample_text, padding=\"max_length\", truncation=True, return_tensors=\"pt\")",[],{"_30":1955,"_16":265,"_266":1956,"_274":1960,"_276":277},"9544c0bb6afb",[1957],{"_30":1958,"_16":270,"_271":1959,"_146":982},"faec8285f91d",[],[],{"_30":1962,"_16":265,"_266":1963,"_274":1968,"_276":277},"4dc3185cb77a",[1964],{"_30":1965,"_16":270,"_271":1966,"_146":1967},"ff2f0794ea0e",[],"You may also embed the tokens or assess attention layers later in the model pipeline, but at this stage, it’s a good idea to focus on ensuring your data is in a standardized, clean text form that will play nicely with any API you use to feed data to your model",[],{"_30":1970,"_16":265,"_266":1971,"_274":1976,"_276":462},"c560eec67861",[1972],{"_30":1973,"_16":270,"_271":1974,"_146":1975},"27d99ca7c7a5",[],"2. Build Your Model",[],{"_30":1978,"_16":265,"_266":1979,"_274":2020,"_276":277},"da614eefdf2d",[1980,1984,1989,1993,1998,2002,2007,2011,2016],{"_30":1981,"_16":270,"_271":1982,"_146":1983},"e9528b4d62d5",[],"At the heart of the majority of LLMs is the aforementioned Transformer architecture, but luckily you won’t need to build a full custom LLM from scratch. For example, you can use popular Python frameworks such as",{"_30":1985,"_16":270,"_271":1986,"_146":1988},"e0030fc44f07",[1987],"200df259a4c4"," PyTorch",{"_30":1990,"_16":270,"_271":1991,"_146":1992},"8a5b05dcd242",[]," and",{"_30":1994,"_16":270,"_271":1995,"_146":1997},"bb5fef39af3c",[1996],"fbf3c26796e8"," TensorFlow",{"_30":1999,"_16":270,"_271":2000,"_146":2001},"3253e9996071",[],", combined with libraries like",{"_30":2003,"_16":270,"_271":2004,"_146":2006},"6aff73665bb1",[2005],"f93601855d0c"," Hugging Face Transformers",{"_30":2008,"_16":270,"_271":2009,"_146":2010},"3092fbde2553",[]," or",{"_30":2012,"_16":270,"_271":2013,"_146":2015},"309c8187d5e2",[2014],"7ef6bde3c13c"," Langchain",{"_30":2017,"_16":270,"_271":2018,"_146":2019},"765dc39082a0",[]," to work with a prebuilt base model or customize your own.",[2021,2023,2025,2027],{"_30":1987,"_16":42,"_335":2022},"https://pytorch.org/",{"_30":1996,"_16":42,"_335":2024},"https://www.tensorflow.org/",{"_30":2005,"_16":42,"_335":2026},"https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers/en/index",{"_30":2014,"_16":42,"_335":2028},"https://python.langchain.com/docs/introduction/",{"_30":2030,"_16":265,"_266":2031,"_274":2036,"_276":277},"93ea0729a49c",[2032],{"_30":2033,"_16":270,"_271":2034,"_146":2035},"cafc718a6a32",[],"Here’s an illustrative example of loading a pretrained model using Hugging Face Transformers:",[],{"_30":2038,"_16":265,"_266":2039,"_274":2043,"_276":277},"63dede9551ce",[2040],{"_30":2041,"_16":270,"_271":2042,"_146":982},"ee67cbf2c70b",[],[],{"_30":2045,"_16":265,"_266":2046,"_274":2050,"_276":277},"0ba5c86cd007",[2047],{"_30":2048,"_16":270,"_271":2049,"_146":1928},"ac19618c6a0e",[357,364],[],{"_30":2052,"_16":265,"_266":2053,"_274":2058,"_276":277},"6f77aa6f1c9c",[2054],{"_30":2055,"_16":270,"_271":2056,"_146":2057},"3e50d9f0cfc0",[357,364],"from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM",[],{"_30":2060,"_16":265,"_266":2061,"_274":2066,"_276":277},"8dcdf6695d87",[2062],{"_30":2063,"_16":270,"_271":2064,"_146":2065},"970ab77ab2de",[357,364],"model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")",[],{"_30":2068,"_16":265,"_266":2069,"_274":2073,"_276":277},"203978dc118f",[2070],{"_30":2071,"_16":270,"_271":2072,"_146":982},"04625271c687",[],[],{"_30":2075,"_16":265,"_266":2076,"_274":2090,"_276":277},"6f37d598e2f4",[2077,2081,2086],{"_30":2078,"_16":270,"_271":2079,"_146":2080},"9006358929e6",[],"The above makes sense if you're fine-tuning a full model. For efficient training, consider techniques like",{"_30":2082,"_16":270,"_271":2083,"_146":2085},"900df7a0682d",[2084],"4a8195ac5459"," LoRA",{"_30":2087,"_16":270,"_271":2088,"_146":2089},"ec21d03def74",[]," or adapters that let you train only a subset of the parameters.",[2091],{"_30":2084,"_16":42,"_335":2092},"https://huggingface.co/docs/diffusers/main/en/training/lora",{"_30":2094,"_16":265,"_266":2095,"_274":2100,"_276":462},"12c9b343c4c2",[2096],{"_30":2097,"_16":270,"_271":2098,"_146":2099},"545c044ae56c",[],"3. Set Up Your Environment",[],{"_30":2102,"_16":265,"_266":2103,"_274":2108,"_276":277},"da93f4b93555",[2104],{"_30":2105,"_16":270,"_271":2106,"_146":2107},"925494fdcaa1",[],"You’ll need a proper development environment to train and test an LLM, which requires high-performance capabilities. Here are some examples:",[],{"_30":2110,"_16":265,"_266":2111,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2116,"_276":277},"652732d37431",[2112],{"_30":2113,"_16":270,"_271":2114,"_146":2115},"e144a9e43d78",[],"Python 3.8+",[],{"_30":2118,"_16":265,"_266":2119,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2124,"_276":277},"b39d3df5d72a",[2120],{"_30":2121,"_16":270,"_271":2122,"_146":2123},"0d9404af6080",[],"GPU support (e.g., NVIDIA CUDA)",[],{"_30":2126,"_16":265,"_266":2127,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2132,"_276":277},"eb1bfa1dec94",[2128],{"_30":2129,"_16":270,"_271":2130,"_146":2131},"1357b1b2b480",[],"Libraries: PyTorch, TensorFlow, Hugging Face Transformers, Tokenizers",[],{"_30":2134,"_16":265,"_266":2135,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2140,"_276":277},"cdf50a9996cd",[2136],{"_30":2137,"_16":270,"_271":2138,"_146":2139},"55a2af22ad53",[],"Cloud options: Google Colab, AWS EC2 with GPU, Paperspace, or Lambda 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It may make sense to use SGD only for experimentation or comparison, though if you prefer classic SGD, here’s an example:",[2466],{"_30":2459,"_16":42,"_335":2467},"https://yassin01.medium.com/adam-vs-adamw-understanding-weight-decay-and-its-impact-on-model-performance-b7414f0af8a1",{"_30":2469,"_16":265,"_266":2470,"_274":2474,"_276":277},"efe5b3847037",[2471],{"_30":2472,"_16":270,"_271":2473,"_146":982},"b6948e91d7f1",[],[],{"_30":2476,"_16":265,"_266":2477,"_274":2481,"_276":277},"55ffc54d07f6",[2478],{"_30":2479,"_16":270,"_271":2480,"_146":1928},"845edae625ef",[357,364],[],{"_30":2483,"_16":265,"_266":2484,"_274":2489,"_276":277},"23561d65d7f9",[2485],{"_30":2486,"_16":270,"_271":2487,"_146":2488},"4a399447798e",[357,364],"import torch.optim as optim",[],{"_30":2491,"_16":265,"_266":2492,"_274":2497,"_276":277},"b0d4eb23547a",[2493],{"_30":2494,"_16":270,"_271":2495,"_146":2496},"4aea7793b08c",[357,364],"optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.01)",[],{"_30":2499,"_16":265,"_266":2500,"_274":2504,"_276":277},"803c4966d679",[2501],{"_30":2502,"_16":270,"_271":2503,"_146":982},"fc5ba022e8ad",[364],[],{"_30":2506,"_16":265,"_266":2507,"_274":2512,"_276":277},"36275908bc18",[2508],{"_30":2509,"_16":270,"_271":2510,"_146":2511},"9a4f7de5915b",[364],"Test and Interpret the Results:",[],{"_30":2514,"_16":265,"_266":2515,"_274":2520,"_276":277},"ccb1288ce6fe",[2516],{"_30":2517,"_16":270,"_271":2518,"_146":2519},"c11c9dcee08c",[],"Your next steps should include evaluating your model’s loss, perplexity, and task-specific metrics:",[],{"_30":2522,"_16":265,"_266":2523,"_274":2527,"_276":277},"1beb74d560ad",[2524],{"_30":2525,"_16":270,"_271":2526,"_146":982},"9577f6aef483",[],[],{"_30":2529,"_16":265,"_266":2530,"_274":2534,"_276":277},"31fa048f7728",[2531],{"_30":2532,"_16":270,"_271":2533,"_146":1928},"6476628fb0ac",[357,364],[],{"_30":2536,"_16":265,"_266":2537,"_274":2542,"_276":277},"00f123d0cdaa",[2538],{"_30":2539,"_16":270,"_271":2540,"_146":2541},"dc207d176a0b",[357,364],"trainer.evaluate()",[],{"_30":2544,"_16":265,"_266":2545,"_274":2549,"_276":277},"7d1c847fb434",[2546],{"_30":2547,"_16":270,"_271":2548,"_146":982},"c50b2a7597b9",[364],[],{"_30":2551,"_16":265,"_266":2552,"_274":2557,"_276":277},"5c65b9597a49",[2553],{"_30":2554,"_16":270,"_271":2555,"_146":2556},"51185e078604",[],"To further break down the evaluation criteria, let’s look at each category:",[],{"_30":2559,"_16":265,"_266":2560,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2569,"_276":277},"c7b1f3da17ee",[2561,2565],{"_30":2562,"_16":270,"_271":2563,"_146":2564},"3be42d86e398",[364],"Perplexity:",{"_30":2566,"_16":270,"_271":2567,"_146":2568},"7c1011819446",[]," The exponentiated average loss. This is the go-to metric that tells you how “confused” the model is when predicting the next token. Lower perplexity means more confidence and accuracy in its predictions.",[],{"_30":2571,"_16":265,"_266":2572,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2581,"_276":277},"43decf5bbefc",[2573,2577],{"_30":2574,"_16":270,"_271":2575,"_146":2576},"5ae741664ee0",[364],"Loss:",{"_30":2578,"_16":270,"_271":2579,"_146":2580},"c86f3f642510",[]," How far off the model’s predictions are from the correct answers (ground truth). It's computed during training using a function, which is usually cross-entropy loss for language models.",[],{"_30":2583,"_16":265,"_266":2584,"_471":472,"_473":474,"_274":2627,"_276":277},"ee32d65601af",[2585,2589,2593,2598,2601,2606,2610,2615,2618,2623],{"_30":2586,"_16":270,"_271":2587,"_146":2588},"f716ad6339bf",[364],"Task-Specific Metrics:",{"_30":2590,"_16":270,"_271":2591,"_146":2592},"e5b50c99fa5d",[]," Measure the model’s performance on the actual job it’s intended to do, rather than just general language ability. For example, If your LLM is summarizing text, you might use",{"_30":2594,"_16":270,"_271":2595,"_146":2597},"eb487ba6a725",[2596],"ad16f5ad82ba"," ROUGE",{"_30":2599,"_16":270,"_271":2600,"_146":2010},"7dfbde7a427c",[],{"_30":2602,"_16":270,"_271":2603,"_146":2605},"a4652cab3750",[2604],"476e60e9c057"," BLEU",{"_30":2607,"_16":270,"_271":2608,"_146":2609},"25ca19ba4ef0",[]," scores. 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Image courtesy ",{"_30":3447,"_16":270,"_271":3448,"_146":346},"26f5c63ef375",[3449,357],"5dd2636cd8e7",{"_30":3451,"_16":270,"_271":3452,"_146":3453},"71411bc4fe97",[357],".",[3455],{"_30":3449,"_16":42,"_335":3426},{"_30":3457,"_16":265,"_266":3458,"_274":3463,"_276":380},"8eaadeefbd22",[3459],{"_30":3460,"_16":270,"_271":3461,"_146":3462},"0643f9a25ded",[],"Are LLMs the Best Tool for Software Docs and Technical Writing?",[],{"_30":3465,"_16":265,"_266":3466,"_274":3471,"_276":462},"387e0f972cd4",[3467],{"_30":3468,"_16":270,"_271":3469,"_146":3470},"fe6ce8cb3294",[],"Freshness: Using RAG to Ensure Docs Stay Up-to-Date Instead",[],{"_30":3473,"_16":265,"_266":3474,"_274":3496,"_276":277},"a057742a9e19",[3475,3479,3484,3488,3492],{"_30":3476,"_16":270,"_271":3477,"_146":3478},"c95dc890564f",[],"Aside from hiring a good writer a year or so before launching a product to document it properly, Waterhouse suggests that product teams identify what can and can’t be easily documented, such as standardized ",{"_30":3480,"_16":270,"_271":3481,"_146":3483},"4f85c0f18a06",[3482],"51d366865ec1","OpenAPI",{"_30":3485,"_16":270,"_271":3486,"_146":3487},"752ba0071a4d",[]," documentation. “There's not a lot of distinction between writing a good test case and writing a good prompt. The things you do to test are the things that you need to document: ",{"_30":3489,"_16":270,"_271":3490,"_146":3491},"bcb099607988",[357],"How do I do this thing?",{"_30":3493,"_16":270,"_271":3494,"_146":3495},"1e3f1caf20a5",[]," And so we go into test cases and extract user stories from those, because we know that those work.”",[3497],{"_30":3482,"_16":42,"_335":3498},"https://www.openapis.org/what-is-openapi",{"_30":3500,"_16":265,"_266":3501,"_274":3515,"_276":277},"632bf8098288",[3502,3506,3511],{"_30":3503,"_16":270,"_271":3504,"_146":3505},"33016087df4c",[],"The author points out that alternatives like ",{"_30":3507,"_16":270,"_271":3508,"_146":3510},"8c7f680b902a",[3509],"e4c22daf3f46","retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)",{"_30":3512,"_16":270,"_271":3513,"_146":3514},"159dd2beb7ae",[]," may be better suited to maintain docs freshness than using a LLM as a catch-all solution, even if it was trained on a large dataset. “Although we get better answers from very large [data] corpuses, I think it is dangerous because for nearly every LLM out there...their training corpus is at least a year old, and we don’t know exactly what it contains.”",[3516],{"_30":3509,"_16":42,"_335":3517},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrieval-augmented_generation",{"_30":3519,"_16":265,"_266":3520,"_274":3540,"_276":277},"2b4ab2c43456",[3521,3525,3529,3533,3536],{"_30":3522,"_16":270,"_271":3523,"_146":3524},"f8712eb98b17",[],"“So if you have made software [changes] in that time, the LLM doesn't know about it and it's not retrieving fresh data. So I think you should have a small, specific, internal [focus to] look at all ",{"_30":3526,"_16":270,"_271":3527,"_146":3528},"eda2ea7b5fab",[357],"this",{"_30":3530,"_16":270,"_271":3531,"_146":3532},"e2f25d68ceae",[]," stuff and use ",{"_30":3534,"_16":270,"_271":3535,"_146":602},"cd82c4cea259",[357],{"_30":3537,"_16":270,"_271":3538,"_146":3539},"228911e19f6a",[]," as your context window, instead of a giant context window. That makes it both cheaper to run and more relevant.”",[],{"_30":3542,"_16":265,"_266":3543,"_274":3548,"_276":462},"2d5c67f21878",[3544],{"_30":3545,"_16":270,"_271":3546,"_146":3547},"98387814003a",[],"Indexing and Librarians: Better Docs Through Better Organization of Info?",[],{"_30":3550,"_16":265,"_266":3551,"_274":3564,"_276":277},"f26f1409f052",[3552,3556,3560],{"_30":3553,"_16":270,"_271":3554,"_146":3555},"8b000df2081b",[],"The author notes that for documentation, the real use case that most users want isn’t longer, prettier notes to read, but the ability to ask a specific question in natural language and receive a contextually correct, helpful answer. “That's the ‘killer app.’ That requires some indexing. I haven't built this yet myself, because nobody has paid me to do it. But being able to ask any question and get an authentic answer: ",{"_30":3557,"_16":270,"_271":3558,"_146":3559},"0d3825a99a41",[357],"That’s",{"_30":3561,"_16":270,"_271":3562,"_146":3563},"3474bd2e195d",[]," what you want.”",[],{"_30":3566,"_16":265,"_266":3567,"_274":3572,"_276":277},"8755ffb07e63",[3568],{"_30":3569,"_16":270,"_271":3570,"_146":3571},"6f17fbd0861a",[],"To get to such a state requires proper indexing of product information, so that your system can return a specific, accurate response. In other words, a highly deterministic result that’s at odds with GenAI’s inherently non-deterministic nature. “For example, if a person asks about installation, here's the set of documents they want, and you’d refine it with the set of documents you’d return. So you’d need a natural-language sorting on pre-indexed stuff.”",[],{"_30":3574,"_16":265,"_266":3575,"_274":3596,"_276":277},"2e2b0316c6ba",[3576,3580,3584,3588,3592],{"_30":3577,"_16":270,"_271":3578,"_146":3579},"1e272d57fef2",[],"“But that means that you have to pay someone to do the indexing with computer assistance. Indexing a whole set of things is difficult, but you can't just leave it to machines because machines don't understand anything. ",{"_30":3581,"_16":270,"_271":3582,"_146":3583},"1c9b4110a8b4",[357],"They do not ‘understand’",{"_30":3585,"_16":270,"_271":3586,"_146":3587},"c8d9bf9389b5",[]," as they are not capable of ‘understanding’ as a concept. So I think that there's going to be an uptick in the need for ",{"_30":3589,"_16":270,"_271":3590,"_146":3591},"1ffdee21044a",[357],"librarians",{"_30":3593,"_16":270,"_271":3594,"_146":3595},"c62130ca2ab3",[],": People who understand semantic information and semantic relationships.”",[],{"_30":3598,"_16":265,"_266":3599,"_274":3604,"_276":380},"56d9657f96d1",[3600],{"_30":3601,"_16":270,"_271":3602,"_146":3603},"64253605e0e3",[],"The State of Docs vs. What Has Been Lost to Time",[],{"_30":3606,"_16":265,"_266":3607,"_274":3620,"_276":277},"bf4a0690e218",[3608,3612,3616],{"_30":3609,"_16":270,"_271":3610,"_146":3611},"4ff89e358c46",[],"The author points out that the status quo of documentation isn’t reams of static docs that someone wrote years ago and no one has looked at since. “It hasn’t been like that for 15 years! But one of the interesting problems is that we've democratized technical writing and made it all markdown files, which means ",{"_30":3613,"_16":270,"_271":3614,"_146":3615},"9b740be808a6",[357],"we've taken the expertise out of it.",{"_30":3617,"_16":270,"_271":3618,"_146":3619},"09fb4283ef62",[],"”",[],{"_30":3622,"_16":265,"_266":3623,"_274":3645,"_276":277},"7c84fdb213bf",[3624,3628,3633,3636,3641],{"_30":3625,"_16":270,"_271":3626,"_146":3627},"c34a76a71b5b",[],"“I think back to the priesthood of ",{"_30":3629,"_16":270,"_271":3630,"_146":3632},"46dc06bc1392",[3631],"d2fdd7aa4bae","Framemaker",{"_30":3634,"_16":270,"_271":3635,"_146":410},"79958f4e9183",[],{"_30":3637,"_16":270,"_271":3638,"_146":3640},"f56438e4f2f6",[3639],"38d0df6c95a1","RoboHelp",{"_30":3642,"_16":270,"_271":3643,"_146":3644},"165dc38160c1",[],", and other things we used to have. Extremely specific, context-sensitive help, where every page you were on in an application had an identifier, and if you clicked the little ‘help’ button, you would get help specific to that page. It would know where you were. There's no reason we can't have that with web applications. But nobody has been doing it. And I think just returning to something like that would be immensely useful.”",[3646,3648],{"_30":3631,"_16":42,"_335":3647},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_FrameMaker",{"_30":3639,"_16":42,"_335":3649},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_RoboHelp",{"_30":3651,"_16":265,"_266":3652,"_274":3678,"_276":277},"4e24d1c7496c",[3653,3657,3662,3666,3670,3674],{"_30":3654,"_16":270,"_271":3655,"_146":3656},"d281d014ae66",[],"“Today, what we're writing is: Here's how to get started with what you're doing. Here's the ",{"_30":3658,"_16":270,"_271":3659,"_146":3661},"9ac699936fa5",[3660,357],"c2e134fcf395","reference documentation",{"_30":3663,"_16":270,"_271":3664,"_146":3665},"552ef4be7312",[],". There's a whole framework about what a reference doc is and what an instruction doc is and what an example doc is. And all that knowledge is difficult to transmit to founders because it's ",{"_30":3667,"_16":270,"_271":3668,"_146":3669},"a46d8f94200d",[357],"expertise",{"_30":3671,"_16":270,"_271":3672,"_146":3673},"1eabbaf70c04",[],". It's like asking someone: ",{"_30":3675,"_16":270,"_271":3676,"_146":3677},"5dbbe3171d80",[357],"‘Please be an expert in user interfaces.’",[3679],{"_30":3660,"_16":42,"_335":3680},"https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/style-guide/developer-content/reference-documentation",{"_30":3682,"_16":265,"_266":3683,"_274":3688,"_276":380},"62355c95d0d3",[3684],{"_30":3685,"_16":270,"_271":3686,"_146":3687},"c3a2fe19c3d9",[],"A Gentle Reminder: Docs Aren’t for Happy People",[],{"_30":3690,"_16":265,"_266":3691,"_274":3720,"_276":277},"bb2fd930e4e1",[3692,3696,3700,3704,3708,3712,3716],{"_30":3693,"_16":270,"_271":3694,"_146":3695},"aa12de6d8e9b",[],"“I think that what we need to be doing is not just writing ",{"_30":3697,"_16":270,"_271":3698,"_146":3699},"67d4c7b18156",[357],"more",{"_30":3701,"_16":270,"_271":3702,"_146":3703},"1c94f1b57024",[]," documentation, which doesn't actually help people. I think what we need to be doing is ",{"_30":3705,"_16":270,"_271":3706,"_146":3707},"ef637e5c40e2",[357],"making it easier to find answers",{"_30":3709,"_16":270,"_271":3710,"_146":3711},"f9e1a8dde5dd",[]," to a problem that you're having. This is always the goal of documentation. Because I always say that anyone reading documentation ",{"_30":3713,"_16":270,"_271":3714,"_146":3715},"7a717cf0a5a2",[357],"is already pissed off",{"_30":3717,"_16":270,"_271":3718,"_146":3719},"833d1cf90092",[],".”",[],{"_30":3722,"_16":265,"_266":3723,"_274":3744,"_276":277},"3947c9c0be6b",[3724,3728,3732,3736,3740],{"_30":3725,"_16":270,"_271":3726,"_146":3727},"55db9fbe8feb",[],"The author clarifies that people reading documentation ",{"_30":3729,"_16":270,"_271":3730,"_146":3731},"86cebac7bdc7",[357],"don’t want to read documentation",{"_30":3733,"_16":270,"_271":3734,"_146":3735},"cfae719ef91d",[],". They want to already be completing their tasks. “We need to do as much as we can so people ",{"_30":3737,"_16":270,"_271":3738,"_146":3739},"ad6d26a47655",[357],"don't have to read documentation",{"_30":3741,"_16":270,"_271":3742,"_146":3743},"4ce624bf222f",[],". What if machines could read documentation and answer questions. That'd be great! But we need to design better software.”",[],{"_30":3746,"_16":265,"_266":3747,"_274":3752,"_276":277},"6de1e3937293",[3748],{"_30":3749,"_16":270,"_271":3750,"_146":3751},"83269819f243",[],"In an ideal world, with better software, users wouldn’t need to fight a 20-page config guide to get it to work. “I tell my clients: ‘Have you made a Docker container for [your product]? Could you just give people a runtime environment that works for them so that they don't have to configure it?’”",[],{"_30":3754,"_16":265,"_266":3755,"_274":3760,"_276":277},"c397b4f562d5",[3756],{"_30":3757,"_16":270,"_271":3758,"_146":3759},"f9f9494f8182",[],"“I think we're moving in that direction a lot for the things that we used to use documentation for. But in order to do that, you still have to know how things work.”",[],{"_30":3762,"_16":265,"_266":3763,"_274":3768,"_276":679},"86a216334632",[3764],{"_30":3765,"_16":270,"_271":3766,"_146":3767},"478bb6d780a5",[357],"What we need to be doing is making it easier to find answers to a problem that you're having. Anyone reading documentation is already pissed off.",[],{"_30":3770,"_16":265,"_266":3771,"_274":3776,"_276":380},"71dd80524e93",[3772],{"_30":3773,"_16":270,"_271":3774,"_146":3775},"29e520a25db0",[],"Are Smaller Models the Key to Better Docs?",[],{"_30":3778,"_16":265,"_266":3779,"_274":3784,"_276":277},"a0cd24558dc4",[3780],{"_30":3781,"_16":270,"_271":3782,"_146":3783},"724f410b037c",[],"Waterhouse notes that while GenAI is exhibiting potential for summarization use cases, and might be theoretically useful to gobble up reams of documentation and spit out answers, the solution isn’t quite that simple. “The thing that gobbles up data also has its own biases. It doesn't have a good semantic understanding of exactly what you're doing.”",[],{"_30":3786,"_16":265,"_266":3787,"_274":3792,"_276":277},"e5c06c8acfc6",[3788],{"_30":3789,"_16":270,"_271":3790,"_146":3791},"ace851eb267b",[],"The author suggests that an alternative might be smaller, lighter-weight models and retrieval tools trained on a highly-specific, frequently-updated dataset from which it answers questions. “But it's much clearer to think of it as a chat-based interface for an index rather than thinking of it as an answer machine.”",[],{"_30":3794,"_16":265,"_266":3795,"_274":3800,"_276":380},"f3177be1c521",[3796],{"_30":3797,"_16":270,"_271":3798,"_146":3799},"3063b3f40a09",[],"Weaponizing Skepticism",[],{"_30":3802,"_16":265,"_266":3803,"_274":3816,"_276":277},"7efb924aec0f",[3804,3808,3812],{"_30":3805,"_16":270,"_271":3806,"_146":3807},"66d674d2ed22",[],"The author notes the problem of software documentation seeming to have all the answers...put into the hands of LLMs that still confidently give ",{"_30":3809,"_16":270,"_271":3810,"_146":3811},"5fcf8ff83f2c",[357],"wrong",{"_30":3813,"_16":270,"_271":3814,"_146":3815},"bd300efe9070",[]," answers. “Recently, there was a thread online where someone recommended feeding some Perl string into an LLM to ‘see what it parses as.’ It turns out the string parsed as a UNIX command to wipe your hard drive.”",[],{"_30":3818,"_16":265,"_266":3819,"_274":3840,"_276":277},"570b27432821",[3820,3824,3828,3832,3837],{"_30":3821,"_16":270,"_271":3822,"_146":3823},"f053624b212a",[],"“Now, that was obfuscated. And a human who has been on the Internet for a while knows not to run random unchecked strings. But [AI] doesn’t know that. It doesn't have any sense of danger. And I honestly think that we are going to have to ",{"_30":3825,"_16":270,"_271":3826,"_146":3827},"ff1e6ce171a8",[357],"code in",{"_30":3829,"_16":270,"_271":3830,"_146":3831},"808cee9768d2",[]," a sense of danger. For example, how a prominent startup founder’s vibe-coding tool accidentally ",{"_30":3833,"_16":270,"_271":3834,"_146":3836},"3560c7cdd1a5",[3835],"ff4c8e75f31f","wiped their production database",{"_30":3838,"_16":270,"_271":3839,"_146":3719},"c6e792576ee7",[],[3841],{"_30":3835,"_16":42,"_335":3842},"https://fortune.com/2025/07/23/ai-coding-tool-replit-wiped-database-called-it-a-catastrophic-failure/",{"_30":3844,"_16":265,"_266":3845,"_274":3850,"_276":277},"8ac1778bad56",[3846],{"_30":3847,"_16":270,"_271":3848,"_146":3849},"4c1f15b1b821",[],"“I think what we need to build into our tools is a sense of skepticism. (We can call it ‘testing,’ but testing is just weaponized skepticism.) We need to teach AI tools a sense of danger and a sense of skepticism before we let them loose in production.”",[],{"_30":3852,"_16":265,"_266":3853,"_274":3858,"_276":277},"8c235fc46113",[3854],{"_30":3855,"_16":270,"_271":3856,"_146":3857},"62fefd3c38e2",[],"“Separately, we need to think about how AI will consume what we write in a different way than a human being might. How do we design documentation not just to be consumed by humans, but to be consumed by machine learning [algorithms]?” the author muses. “Honestly, the OpenAPI project seems like the start of that: This is a semantically sound, well-formatted thing that you can consume whether or not you're a machine. It’s predictable and you can count on it to have the same structure so that it's not going to give you weird answers.”",[],{"_30":3860,"_16":265,"_266":3861,"_274":3866,"_276":277},"116e4281a02a",[3862],{"_30":3863,"_16":270,"_271":3864,"_146":3865},"001c4aa79ba8",[],"“Making our documentation accessible to machines is going to be valuable, because then we can use machines to ask [the documentation itself] questions.",[],{"_30":3868,"_16":265,"_266":3869,"_274":3874,"_276":380},"ee73bbdf42a1",[3870],{"_30":3871,"_16":270,"_271":3872,"_146":3873},"4ce560cf1861",[],"Making Builders Future-Proof in an AI Future",[],{"_30":3876,"_16":265,"_266":3877,"_274":3882,"_276":277},"ae1bb7d436bb",[3878],{"_30":3879,"_16":270,"_271":3880,"_146":3881},"3acabfbe8ddf",[],"Waterhouse also considers the impact of AI on engineering teams, including for junior developers. “Every time we make an advance in technology, we feel like we're going to lose those skills, and it turns out that somebody cares about preserving them. Also, even mechanization doesn't reduce the amount of work that needs to happen.”",[],{"_30":3884,"_16":265,"_266":3885,"_274":3899,"_276":277},"1240c8ff52c6",[3886,3890,3895],{"_30":3887,"_16":270,"_271":3888,"_146":3889},"52ef98d47b28",[],"The author cites ",{"_30":3891,"_16":270,"_271":3892,"_146":3894},"b6ec122caf91",[3893,357],"2efc9997f119","More Work for Mother",{"_30":3896,"_16":270,"_271":3897,"_146":3898},"29e68a15f109",[]," by Ruth Schwartz Cowan, a book about how laundry used to be an infrequent, time-consuming chore that required hiring washerwomen servants. After the advent of the washing machine, the position of washerwoman vanished from society, but because washing machines made doing laundry more accessible, families would do laundry more frequently, causing housewives to eventually invest the same number of hours per year doing laundry as they did previously.",[3900],{"_30":3893,"_16":42,"_335":3901},"https://hss.sas.upenn.edu/content/more-work-mother-ironies-household-technology-open-hearth-microwave",{"_30":3903,"_16":265,"_266":3904,"_274":3917,"_276":277},"9ff79b8c9fa2",[3905,3909,3913],{"_30":3906,"_16":270,"_271":3907,"_146":3908},"00cb0d99b24a",[],"“We're going to have junior testers who can run exponentially more tests, but somebody still has to ",{"_30":3910,"_16":270,"_271":3911,"_146":3912},"9749ea1359ca",[357],"write",{"_30":3914,"_16":270,"_271":3915,"_146":3916},"0773b9d1c319",[]," them. Those skills will be sustained, but they're not going to be ‘a whole job.’ The problem is somebody has to understand the fundamentals.”",[],{"_30":3919,"_16":265,"_266":3920,"_274":3925,"_276":277},"27888d340ed0",[3921],{"_30":3922,"_16":270,"_271":3923,"_146":3924},"4de966a87265",[],"“We watched this happen with the abstraction of languages up the stack. There are not a lot of people coding in C anymore because our abstraction layer above C is good enough. But there's a reason people are still using COBOL. It's because everything but COBOL has floating point errors for extreme edge cases of math that actually matter quite a lot. So we still need to have at least a few experts from somewhere who care about the deep internals.”",[],{"_30":3927,"_16":265,"_266":3928,"_274":3941,"_276":277},"2c2818bede39",[3929,3933,3937],{"_30":3930,"_16":270,"_271":3931,"_146":3932},"f218e4e6851b",[],"The author notes that older programming experts are retiring, leaving a vacuum for experts on computing fundamentals. “For a lot of these really sophisticated abstractions that LLMs rely on, we need someone who understands how to program the thing",{"_30":3934,"_16":270,"_271":3935,"_146":3936},"661081550a9f",[357]," that programs the thing",{"_30":3938,"_16":270,"_271":3939,"_146":3940},"3647325ef424",[]," that makes the chips.” The current state of play in AI is marked by inflated expectations and budgets, but hopefully, market forces will iron out the issues.",[],{"_30":3943,"_16":122,"_111":3944},"a25da1bae406",{"_113":3945,"_16":115},"image-76eca1fb8989a4b23ea771a6fe7df42544f23d54-385x489-png",{"_30":3947,"_16":265,"_266":3948,"_274":3961,"_276":277},"63ebf93fefe8",[3949,3953,3958],{"_30":3950,"_16":270,"_271":3951,"_146":3952},"8ba6fcf4d6ef",[357],"Without experts in the fundamentals, software will have increasingly precarious dependencies. Image courtesy ",{"_30":3954,"_16":270,"_271":3955,"_146":3957},"fa5a87958d01",[3956,357],"2e5e13988414","XKCD",{"_30":3959,"_16":270,"_271":3960,"_146":3453},"e12172b35539",[357],[3962],{"_30":3956,"_16":42,"_335":3963},"https://xkcd.com/2347/",{"_30":3965,"_16":265,"_266":3966,"_274":3971,"_276":380},"491f84300d63",[3967],{"_30":3968,"_16":270,"_271":3969,"_146":3970},"b6f78677a708",[],"What Will Never Change: Who and What Docs Are For",[],{"_30":3973,"_16":265,"_266":3974,"_274":3987,"_276":277},"bf299bca401b",[3975,3978,3983],{"_30":3976,"_16":270,"_271":3977,"_146":3889},"e25741bc0804",[],{"_30":3979,"_16":270,"_271":3980,"_146":3982},"5f75260ec026",[3981,357],"6601d8a80d0a","Making Users Awesome",{"_30":3984,"_16":270,"_271":3985,"_146":3986},"e0dcd1b4f63d",[]," by Kathy Sierra’s fundamental point about software: No one uses it because they ‘love using software.’ “People use software because they’re trying to accomplish a task or get something done.”",[3988],{"_30":3981,"_16":42,"_335":3989},"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/badass-making-users/9781491919057/",{"_30":3991,"_16":265,"_266":3992,"_274":4005,"_276":277},"5e5ab1180ce9",[3993,3997,4001],{"_30":3994,"_16":270,"_271":3995,"_146":3996},"dcc1ffdab42f",[],"“And when we're writing documentation, every piece of documentation that somebody has to read ",{"_30":3998,"_16":270,"_271":3999,"_146":4000},"105ee7f9f43e",[357],"slows them down on the way to getting something done",{"_30":4002,"_16":270,"_271":4003,"_146":4004},"00126c3c43f0",[],". 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From Signal, to Spark, to Startup: Making The Leap\n
- Making the Leap
- Testing Founder Readiness
- Beyond the Myth: Timing is Everything
- Doing It Absolutely Right and Finding Co-Founders
- Aligning with Co-Founders Through Rituals
- Early-Stage Chaos and Fundraising
\n

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I'm really excited to get to talk to them",{"_30":4325,"_16":270,"_271":4326,"_146":4327},"455d16250891",[]," ",{"_30":4329,"_16":270,"_271":4330,"_146":4332},"be8bb7c916e4",[4331],"33be27a","in front of you, so I'll be learning as well. This first area is going to be called the Leap.",{"_30":4334,"_16":270,"_271":4335,"_146":4327},"3031ea4b0cdc",[],{"_30":4337,"_16":270,"_271":4338,"_146":4340},"c57072463eab",[4339],"56c1e17","We're going to talk about what you thought about when you were founding, how long you took, etc.",[4342,4346,4348],{"_30":4318,"_16":4343,"_4344":4345},"timestamp","time","00:00:03.680",{"_30":4331,"_16":4343,"_4344":4347},"00:00:07.160",{"_30":4339,"_16":4343,"_4344":4349},"00:00:14.160",{"_30":4351,"_16":265,"_266":4352,"_274":4374,"_276":277},"1d9d06e7281b",[4353,4358,4361,4366,4369],{"_30":4354,"_16":270,"_271":4355,"_146":4357},"9b795aa6b0aa",[4356],"92332c9","So I wanted to start off by just saying, Brooke, why don't you give us a three",{"_30":4359,"_16":270,"_271":4360,"_146":4327},"6f5f220efec3",[],{"_30":4362,"_16":270,"_271":4363,"_146":4365},"c4fe9d0026eb",[4364],"5d01933","-sentence intro to what your company does so people know. And then also, how long would you",{"_30":4367,"_16":270,"_271":4368,"_146":4327},"2d82e5a03fd1",[],{"_30":4370,"_16":270,"_271":4371,"_146":4373},"13b50a84a976",[4372],"abd7a8e","say you took considering founding your current startup? Was it weeks, months, days?",[4375,4377,4379],{"_30":4356,"_16":4343,"_4344":4376},"00:00:18.480",{"_30":4364,"_16":4343,"_4344":4378},"00:00:25.920",{"_30":4372,"_16":4343,"_4344":4380},"00:00:32.140",{"_30":4382,"_16":265,"_266":4383,"_274":4387,"_276":277},"97847597fc16",[4384],{"_30":4385,"_16":270,"_271":4386,"_146":982},"b3bbb0e8ee59",[],[],{"_30":4389,"_16":265,"_266":4390,"_274":4395,"_276":380},"f5f72884ba15",[4391],{"_30":4392,"_16":270,"_271":4393,"_146":4394},"3786b647a2db",[],"Making the Leap",[],{"_30":4397,"_16":265,"_266":4398,"_274":4402,"_276":277},"d9808f973375",[4399],{"_30":4400,"_16":270,"_271":4401,"_146":982},"3869b7ca9fca",[],[],{"_30":4404,"_16":265,"_266":4405,"_274":4447,"_276":277},"9d082c4ca2bc",[4406,4411,4415,4418,4423,4426,4431,4434,4439,4442],{"_30":4407,"_16":270,"_271":4408,"_146":4410},"ad4a957d3a71",[4409,364],"0498df7","Brooke Hopkins:",{"_30":4412,"_16":270,"_271":4413,"_146":4414},"c414c4ed1814",[4409]," Yeah. Hey everyone, I'm Brooke, I'm the founder of Coval and we build simulation and",{"_30":4416,"_16":270,"_271":4417,"_146":4327},"da563704fdbf",[],{"_30":4419,"_16":270,"_271":4420,"_146":4422},"9eaf1999eddb",[4421],"923ff9c","observability for voice agents. I was previously at Waymo where I led our evaluation",{"_30":4424,"_16":270,"_271":4425,"_146":4327},"c3a5c607d594",[],{"_30":4427,"_16":270,"_271":4428,"_146":4430},"a2560163b2e5",[4429],"b7d85f3","infrastructure team that did all of our developer tools for launching and running simulations. So",{"_30":4432,"_16":270,"_271":4433,"_146":4327},"30219998224c",[],{"_30":4435,"_16":270,"_271":4436,"_146":4438},"1d759778cce4",[4437],"099170e","essentially what we're doing now for voice, but for self driving cars. I was there for most of",{"_30":4440,"_16":270,"_271":4441,"_146":4327},"bf413daeffb5",[],{"_30":4443,"_16":270,"_271":4444,"_146":4446},"6b2fc997e095",[4445],"c681e76","my career.",[4448,4450,4452,4454,4456],{"_30":4409,"_16":4343,"_4344":4449},"00:00:38.220",{"_30":4421,"_16":4343,"_4344":4451},"00:00:43.460",{"_30":4429,"_16":4343,"_4344":4453},"00:00:49.180",{"_30":4437,"_16":4343,"_4344":4455},"00:00:54.500",{"_30":4445,"_16":4343,"_4344":4457},"00:00:59.390",{"_30":4459,"_16":265,"_266":4460,"_274":4482,"_276":277},"adab149a6a72",[4461,4466,4469,4474,4477],{"_30":4462,"_16":270,"_271":4463,"_146":4465},"2e55fc63ca14",[4464],"de9e98e","When I ended up leaving, after five years, I knew I wanted to start",{"_30":4467,"_16":270,"_271":4468,"_146":4327},"e30f9caaa11f",[],{"_30":4470,"_16":270,"_271":4471,"_146":4473},"82cd48a1f4ba",[4472],"24f5ba6","something but I wasn't sure exactly where. I knew what we did at Waymo was",{"_30":4475,"_16":270,"_271":4476,"_146":4327},"844d16a2bb0e",[],{"_30":4478,"_16":270,"_271":4479,"_146":4481},"d3efdef7bcf2",[4480],"5396035","interesting in some way. We stored and served a lot of really large data.",[4483,4484,4486],{"_30":4464,"_16":4343,"_4344":4457},{"_30":4472,"_16":4343,"_4344":4485},"00:01:06.230",{"_30":4480,"_16":4343,"_4344":4487},"00:01:13.030",{"_30":4489,"_16":265,"_266":4490,"_274":4520,"_276":277},"227f150bb494",[4491,4496,4499,4504,4507,4512,4515],{"_30":4492,"_16":270,"_271":4493,"_146":4495},"5012ec388d9d",[4494],"966ff87","How do you",{"_30":4497,"_16":270,"_271":4498,"_146":4327},"e24e291f5beb",[],{"_30":4500,"_16":270,"_271":4501,"_146":4503},"c8a15a465ddb",[4502],"5b881e9","take that and make configurability really obvious so that you know what you're testing and how",{"_30":4505,"_16":270,"_271":4506,"_146":4327},"86bf06394d9d",[],{"_30":4508,"_16":270,"_271":4509,"_146":4511},"aa2c769b031a",[4510],"4e05b47","you're testing it? How do you build data sets where the examples are really important? But I",{"_30":4513,"_16":270,"_271":4514,"_146":4327},"2c7dfa3e2e64",[],{"_30":4516,"_16":270,"_271":4517,"_146":4519},"f00370ffd6ae",[4518],"f47c4ac","wasn't exactly sure what part was interesting to the rest of the world.",[4521,4522,4524,4526],{"_30":4494,"_16":4343,"_4344":4487},{"_30":4502,"_16":4343,"_4344":4523},"00:01:18.270",{"_30":4510,"_16":4343,"_4344":4525},"00:01:23.630",{"_30":4518,"_16":4343,"_4344":4527},"00:01:28.040",{"_30":4529,"_16":265,"_266":4530,"_274":4568,"_276":277},"da94245d83aa",[4531,4536,4539,4544,4547,4552,4555,4560,4563],{"_30":4532,"_16":270,"_271":4533,"_146":4535},"4fe29bfa4dd9",[4534],"752dd0c","And so then I ended up",{"_30":4537,"_16":270,"_271":4538,"_146":4327},"818c2d4c599c",[],{"_30":4540,"_16":270,"_271":4541,"_146":4543},"b87014559bdd",[4542],"f738491","joining another company as a founding engineer and very quickly realized that I love startups and",{"_30":4545,"_16":270,"_271":4546,"_146":4327},"43bca6bd8e19",[],{"_30":4548,"_16":270,"_271":4549,"_146":4551},"9a67a8de5a31",[4550],"2e68b29","I knew I wanted to start my own company. I went into this company knowing I wanted",{"_30":4553,"_16":270,"_271":4554,"_146":4327},"009a7b6e981b",[],{"_30":4556,"_16":270,"_271":4557,"_146":4559},"23dc116b2aab",[4558],"eb646c1","to start it and realized that I actually had the idea and the energy and wanted to start it. And so I",{"_30":4561,"_16":270,"_271":4562,"_146":4327},"8e83c3b53997",[],{"_30":4564,"_16":270,"_271":4565,"_146":4567},"0d9e643fa3ce",[4566],"41f4c75","ended up leaving shortly thereafter to start Coval and go all in.",[4569,4570,4572,4574,4576],{"_30":4534,"_16":4343,"_4344":4527},{"_30":4542,"_16":4343,"_4344":4571},"00:01:33.320",{"_30":4550,"_16":4343,"_4344":4573},"00:01:38.760",{"_30":4558,"_16":4343,"_4344":4575},"00:01:42.680",{"_30":4566,"_16":4343,"_4344":4577},"00:01:48.680",{"_30":4579,"_16":265,"_266":4580,"_274":4590,"_276":277},"ca0864c1d18d",[4581,4586],{"_30":4582,"_16":270,"_271":4583,"_146":4585},"64a15af3e459",[4584,364],"d68ee4d","Kristofer:",{"_30":4587,"_16":270,"_271":4588,"_146":4589},"647a82e01ceb",[4584]," So a bit of time. You spent some time thinking about this and feeling it out.",[4591],{"_30":4584,"_16":4343,"_4344":4592},"00:01:53.370",{"_30":4594,"_16":265,"_266":4595,"_274":4613,"_276":277},"c53e08b0e3cb",[4596,4601,4605,4608],{"_30":4597,"_16":270,"_271":4598,"_146":4600},"2dd4f4ac8376",[4599,364],"9a69621","Brooke:",{"_30":4602,"_16":270,"_271":4603,"_146":4604},"2e8b639d6f58",[4599]," Yeah, definitely. I think I knew for my whole career I wanted to start a company eventually and it was this",{"_30":4606,"_16":270,"_271":4607,"_146":4327},"3cbb9b53f58d",[],{"_30":4609,"_16":270,"_271":4610,"_146":4612},"f5de7909570e",[4611],"8cd2c61","slow dawning, I knew.",[4614,4616],{"_30":4599,"_16":4343,"_4344":4615},"00:01:58.090",{"_30":4611,"_16":4343,"_4344":4617},"00:02:02.650",{"_30":4619,"_16":265,"_266":4620,"_274":4629,"_276":277},"6044cbfc0a10",[4621,4625],{"_30":4622,"_16":270,"_271":4623,"_146":4585},"3af7abe17fb3",[4624,364],"9382e61",{"_30":4626,"_16":270,"_271":4627,"_146":4628},"52d937d6ba9f",[4624]," I'm curious to hear Jordan, how long did you spend considering?",[4630],{"_30":4624,"_16":4343,"_4344":4631},"00:02:06.410",{"_30":4633,"_16":265,"_266":4634,"_274":4668,"_276":277},"410de5d39745",[4635,4640,4644,4647,4652,4655,4660,4663],{"_30":4636,"_16":270,"_271":4637,"_146":4639},"a00e86e36879",[4638,364],"f4b4a12","Jordan Tigani:",{"_30":4641,"_16":270,"_271":4642,"_146":4643},"bccd3652b2da",[4638]," It was a couple of days. I was fired from my last job and so until I got fired I had no",{"_30":4645,"_16":270,"_271":4646,"_146":4327},"c4d5c697b83a",[],{"_30":4648,"_16":270,"_271":4649,"_146":4651},"4ee184e4793b",[4650],"928ecc8","thoughts of starting a company. And then the next week, somebody actually said to me, that I",{"_30":4653,"_16":270,"_271":4654,"_146":4327},"a7bf8c72ba4c",[],{"_30":4656,"_16":270,"_271":4657,"_146":4659},"b44fe0674c0c",[4658],"c7884f8","was asking for a job, he said, \"you shouldn't be asking me what positions I have open, you should be",{"_30":4661,"_16":270,"_271":4662,"_146":4327},"83207862e37e",[],{"_30":4664,"_16":270,"_271":4665,"_146":4667},"0d7c417d2485",[4666],"5f5e637","telling me what you want to do.\"",[4669,4671,4673,4675],{"_30":4638,"_16":4343,"_4344":4670},"00:02:10.880",{"_30":4650,"_16":4343,"_4344":4672},"00:02:18.730",{"_30":4658,"_16":4343,"_4344":4674},"00:02:24.050",{"_30":4666,"_16":4343,"_4344":4676},"00:02:28.730",{"_30":4678,"_16":265,"_266":4679,"_274":4709,"_276":277},"7658cf1dbbe7",[4680,4685,4688,4693,4696,4701,4704],{"_30":4681,"_16":270,"_271":4682,"_146":4684},"17b9a2796332",[4683],"e7ad670","And I'd never thought about my career that way. What do I",{"_30":4686,"_16":270,"_271":4687,"_146":4327},"999cb5ed67cd",[],{"_30":4689,"_16":270,"_271":4690,"_146":4692},"e0b73f6c18a9",[4691],"a5c3850","want to do versus what is available? And I'm like, \"all right, I want to build.",{"_30":4694,"_16":270,"_271":4695,"_146":4327},"8c9cd09519c4",[],{"_30":4697,"_16":270,"_271":4698,"_146":4700},"f1e4794b8ff7",[4699],"d3ddb24","Maybe I'll hack on this kind of idea that I had kicking around.\" So I thought about that on",{"_30":4702,"_16":270,"_271":4703,"_146":4327},"759737ad1c85",[],{"_30":4705,"_16":270,"_271":4706,"_146":4708},"ae685e9dc12b",[4707],"8a13fe3","Wednesday, the next week.",[4710,4711,4713,4715],{"_30":4683,"_16":4343,"_4344":4676},{"_30":4691,"_16":4343,"_4344":4712},"00:02:32.930",{"_30":4699,"_16":4343,"_4344":4714},"00:02:37.810",{"_30":4707,"_16":4343,"_4344":4716},"00:02:43.130",{"_30":4718,"_16":265,"_266":4719,"_274":4757,"_276":277},"e5a0be4bc618",[4720,4725,4728,4733,4736,4741,4744,4749,4752],{"_30":4721,"_16":270,"_271":4722,"_146":4724},"f387d1f9e597",[4723],"2d50205","And then, somebody introduced me to a VC on the following",{"_30":4726,"_16":270,"_271":4727,"_146":4327},"d39e91386c7e",[],{"_30":4729,"_16":270,"_271":4730,"_146":4732},"bae870edbff6",[4731],"7898a16","Monday. He said he was interested in investing. By Wednesday, I had five term sheets. I still",{"_30":4734,"_16":270,"_271":4735,"_146":4327},"a8b27c853fde",[],{"_30":4737,"_16":270,"_271":4738,"_146":4740},"37a616118975",[4739],"f7ca488","didn't even really know that I wanted to start a company. And so the next week I was",{"_30":4742,"_16":270,"_271":4743,"_146":4327},"b62e08a144d9",[],{"_30":4745,"_16":270,"_271":4746,"_146":4748},"f9d91006e60b",[4747],"63ba5f5","like, \"what am I getting myself into? Because I felt this",{"_30":4750,"_16":270,"_271":4751,"_146":4327},"16ea7de23891",[],{"_30":4753,"_16":270,"_271":4754,"_146":4756},"04f02ed7b756",[4755],"3d104f4","freight train was about to run over me.",[4758,4759,4761,4763,4765],{"_30":4723,"_16":4343,"_4344":4716},{"_30":4731,"_16":4343,"_4344":4760},"00:02:49.260",{"_30":4739,"_16":4343,"_4344":4762},"00:02:56.260",{"_30":4747,"_16":4343,"_4344":4764},"00:03:00.340",{"_30":4755,"_16":4343,"_4344":4766},"00:03:04.980",{"_30":4768,"_16":265,"_266":4769,"_274":4807,"_276":679},"67fd38dc5847",[4770,4775,4778,4783,4786,4791,4794,4799,4802],{"_30":4771,"_16":270,"_271":4772,"_146":4774},"41aab2e05b02",[4773],"80d731f","And then I thought, well, you've got to do",{"_30":4776,"_16":270,"_271":4777,"_146":4327},"f68aa5fd3db0",[],{"_30":4779,"_16":270,"_271":4780,"_146":4782},"6d385bc4947c",[4781],"bf0bb0c","something with your life and you want to get out of bed and be excited and energized about",{"_30":4784,"_16":270,"_271":4785,"_146":4327},"78c3a89886d4",[],{"_30":4787,"_16":270,"_271":4788,"_146":4790},"4bf681392324",[4789],"d51c26b","something. How do you find that kind of place that you'd want to work and has the right",{"_30":4792,"_16":270,"_271":4793,"_146":4327},"e210748fc6e0",[],{"_30":4795,"_16":270,"_271":4796,"_146":4798},"ac22b678154b",[4797],"995a4ca","people? You got to build it. And it may not turn out the way you hoped it",{"_30":4800,"_16":270,"_271":4801,"_146":4327},"a2d6921fc260",[],{"_30":4803,"_16":270,"_271":4804,"_146":4806},"2e14d39a62b4",[4805],"ebf02a5","to, but at least you only have yourself to blame if it doesn't.",[4808,4809,4811,4813,4815],{"_30":4773,"_16":4343,"_4344":4766},{"_30":4781,"_16":4343,"_4344":4810},"00:03:11.580",{"_30":4789,"_16":4343,"_4344":4812},"00:03:15.980",{"_30":4797,"_16":4343,"_4344":4814},"00:03:20.890",{"_30":4805,"_16":4343,"_4344":4816},"00:03:27.450",{"_30":4818,"_16":265,"_266":4819,"_274":4828,"_276":277},"ef4fdf021676",[4820,4824],{"_30":4821,"_16":270,"_271":4822,"_146":4600},"d6c2c4f1449c",[4823,364],"b5cadce",{"_30":4825,"_16":270,"_271":4826,"_146":4827},"ae1f92c8dfff",[4823]," A repeatable playbook, accidentally.",[4829],{"_30":4823,"_16":4343,"_4344":4830},"00:03:30.530",{"_30":4832,"_16":265,"_266":4833,"_274":4842,"_276":277},"ab326d29cd7a",[4834,4838],{"_30":4835,"_16":270,"_271":4836,"_146":4585},"b8bb5115a03f",[4837,364],"ec6b65e",{"_30":4839,"_16":270,"_271":4840,"_146":4841},"856f2eda5169",[4837]," And Josh, how about you at your current startup?",[4843],{"_30":4837,"_16":4343,"_4344":4844},"00:03:35.010",{"_30":4846,"_16":265,"_266":4847,"_274":4865,"_276":277},"1a90d996ee2f",[4848,4853,4857,4860],{"_30":4849,"_16":270,"_271":4850,"_146":4852},"5dbec571dd6b",[4851,364],"0f1479a","Josh Bleecher Snyder:",{"_30":4854,"_16":270,"_271":4855,"_146":4856},"88724e43ae11",[4851]," Oh, my current startup. I don't know. My co-founder said, do you want to start a company? And I was",{"_30":4858,"_16":270,"_271":4859,"_146":4327},"6f86eb8cca0c",[],{"_30":4861,"_16":270,"_271":4862,"_146":4864},"de76b453b08f",[4863],"1230911","like, yeah, I guess. Okay, that's fine, we can do that.",[4866,4868],{"_30":4851,"_16":4343,"_4344":4867},"00:03:38.450",{"_30":4863,"_16":4343,"_4344":4869},"00:03:42.570",{"_30":4871,"_16":265,"_266":4872,"_274":4894,"_276":277},"6dabca0073e2",[4873,4878,4881,4886,4889],{"_30":4874,"_16":270,"_271":4875,"_146":4877},"f2a522ddcd97",[4876],"1a412f9","My first one was a multi-year process",{"_30":4879,"_16":270,"_271":4880,"_146":4327},"21ea9b0274f9",[],{"_30":4882,"_16":270,"_271":4883,"_146":4885},"050ac4b98e17",[4884],"138b018","because I was just trying to figure out how to get my PhD program in philosophy. And I was like, if",{"_30":4887,"_16":270,"_271":4888,"_146":4327},"8c4a61c1e291",[],{"_30":4890,"_16":270,"_271":4891,"_146":4893},"56d05f0b90e7",[4892],"d316819","I don't do this, what will I do?",[4895,4896,4898],{"_30":4876,"_16":4343,"_4344":4869},{"_30":4884,"_16":4343,"_4344":4897},"00:03:48.520",{"_30":4892,"_16":4343,"_4344":4899},"00:03:53.440",{"_30":4901,"_16":265,"_266":4902,"_274":4927,"_276":277},"d572369f68f7",[4903,4907,4911,4914,4919,4922],{"_30":4904,"_16":270,"_271":4905,"_146":4585},"9ab9b6780849",[4906,364],"4901592",{"_30":4908,"_16":270,"_271":4909,"_146":4910},"55eb48669332",[4906]," So for those of you that don't know, Josh here is a habitual entrepreneur, startup founder.",{"_30":4912,"_16":270,"_271":4913,"_146":4327},"bfd0dbbbcbb8",[],{"_30":4915,"_16":270,"_271":4916,"_146":4918},"920ed72a5031",[4917],"426adf1","So Josh, was there a moment when you questioned whether your current experience would",{"_30":4920,"_16":270,"_271":4921,"_146":4327},"13f4d76377f6",[],{"_30":4923,"_16":270,"_271":4924,"_146":4926},"dc26031e3f4c",[4925],"d51d9f4","transfer to your new startup?",[4928,4930,4932],{"_30":4906,"_16":4343,"_4344":4929},"00:03:55.420",{"_30":4917,"_16":4343,"_4344":4931},"00:04:02.600",{"_30":4925,"_16":4343,"_4344":4933},"00:04:08.760",{"_30":4935,"_16":265,"_266":4936,"_274":4946,"_276":277},"fdf7bf13b3da",[4937,4942],{"_30":4938,"_16":270,"_271":4939,"_146":4941},"375d06fa4d53",[4940,364],"23f0c17","Josh:",{"_30":4943,"_16":270,"_271":4944,"_146":4945},"fae37cbb9123",[4940]," I mean, obviously constantly.",[4947],{"_30":4940,"_16":4343,"_4344":4948},"00:04:11.320",{"_30":4950,"_16":265,"_266":4951,"_274":4973,"_276":679},"1a72769c5eb2",[4952,4957,4960,4965,4968],{"_30":4953,"_16":270,"_271":4954,"_146":4956},"1d8a13a66347",[4955],"4a982f9","If you don't have that doubt, you're going to get in a lot of",{"_30":4958,"_16":270,"_271":4959,"_146":4327},"1a2ca9c276d2",[],{"_30":4961,"_16":270,"_271":4962,"_146":4964},"6c3bdcbdbd3d",[4963],"cfc4c71","trouble because the world changes around you and the habits you developed are no longer well",{"_30":4966,"_16":270,"_271":4967,"_146":4327},"2ba116bebf16",[],{"_30":4969,"_16":270,"_271":4970,"_146":4972},"999fa4462053",[4971],"1ad3933","suited and our world is changing really quickly. It's extremely inconvenient.",[4974,4975,4977],{"_30":4955,"_16":4343,"_4344":4948},{"_30":4963,"_16":4343,"_4344":4976},"00:04:16.920",{"_30":4971,"_16":4343,"_4344":4978},"00:04:21.880",{"_30":4980,"_16":265,"_266":4981,"_274":4998,"_276":277},"0988f69be5b9",[4982,4986,4990,4993],{"_30":4983,"_16":270,"_271":4984,"_146":4585},"b1c169f88da6",[4985,364],"af367f7",{"_30":4987,"_16":270,"_271":4988,"_146":4989},"81c97c52fe28",[4985]," How about you, Brooke? Same question. Was there a moment when you questioned whether your",{"_30":4991,"_16":270,"_271":4992,"_146":4327},"fbae7e13baa8",[],{"_30":4994,"_16":270,"_271":4995,"_146":4997},"8b83548f8e4d",[4996],"45c4770","experience would transfer to your new startup?",[4999,5001],{"_30":4985,"_16":4343,"_4344":5000},"00:04:27.280",{"_30":4996,"_16":4343,"_4344":5002},"00:04:35.080",{"_30":5004,"_16":265,"_266":5005,"_274":5030,"_276":277},"8502dd3ef316",[5006,5010,5014,5017,5022,5025],{"_30":5007,"_16":270,"_271":5008,"_146":4600},"a703eb49bbce",[5009,364],"00dbb30",{"_30":5011,"_16":270,"_271":5012,"_146":5013},"7b1a0f0e103f",[5009]," Yeah, I think there's always, in big tech where you're working with all of these",{"_30":5015,"_16":270,"_271":5016,"_146":4327},"aad980e590fa",[],{"_30":5018,"_16":270,"_271":5019,"_146":5021},"15475f4f9bf1",[5020],"95bf0a6","internal systems that are very custom to those companies. So Google famously has all of its own",{"_30":5023,"_16":270,"_271":5024,"_146":4327},"f4116dd2b043",[],{"_30":5026,"_16":270,"_271":5027,"_146":5029},"c3a8670000de",[5028],"4cfdda0","databases and all of its own compute, APIs, all of its own compute infrastructure.",[5031,5033,5035],{"_30":5009,"_16":4343,"_4344":5032},"00:04:38.300",{"_30":5020,"_16":4343,"_4344":5034},"00:04:43.740",{"_30":5028,"_16":4343,"_4344":5036},"00:04:48.580",{"_30":5038,"_16":265,"_266":5039,"_274":5069,"_276":277},"44ae8f5f6c63",[5040,5045,5048,5053,5056,5061,5064],{"_30":5041,"_16":270,"_271":5042,"_146":5044},"d9454204f871",[5043],"e785caa","And so",{"_30":5046,"_16":270,"_271":5047,"_146":4327},"60400877a130",[],{"_30":5049,"_16":270,"_271":5050,"_146":5052},"c015d70e37aa",[5051],"3b77043","there is that fear of when you leave, well, do I know any tools out there? But what's really",{"_30":5054,"_16":270,"_271":5055,"_146":4327},"c4ddd9ed5a3f",[],{"_30":5057,"_16":270,"_271":5058,"_146":5060},"f4e948aec5d2",[5059],"3a8c57b","nice is that you know all of the big concepts of how things should be built. And then you can just",{"_30":5062,"_16":270,"_271":5063,"_146":4327},"98934822be55",[],{"_30":5065,"_16":270,"_271":5066,"_146":5068},"b82f6e9a3375",[5067],"e7dad75","Google Translate things like, what is Borg for the real world?",[5070,5071,5073,5075],{"_30":5043,"_16":4343,"_4344":5036},{"_30":5051,"_16":4343,"_4344":5072},"00:04:55.580",{"_30":5059,"_16":4343,"_4344":5074},"00:04:59.780",{"_30":5067,"_16":4343,"_4344":5076},"00:05:04.670",{"_30":5078,"_16":265,"_266":5079,"_274":5109,"_276":277},"7edbeb019663",[5080,5085,5088,5093,5096,5101,5104],{"_30":5081,"_16":270,"_271":5082,"_146":5084},"510c2884ae64",[5083],"05e0c34","So I think it ends up translating really, really easily that you figure out, I know I need",{"_30":5086,"_16":270,"_271":5087,"_146":4327},"f7f33959965a",[],{"_30":5089,"_16":270,"_271":5090,"_146":5092},"08e801fa4d14",[5091],"2638115","to set up a serverless deployment for this, what are the options I have? And it's",{"_30":5094,"_16":270,"_271":5095,"_146":4327},"d2842cf97947",[],{"_30":5097,"_16":270,"_271":5098,"_146":5100},"8732e2a4ab12",[5099],"d2a57a1","actually relatively easy to back into that. What's harder is knowing that you need serverless",{"_30":5102,"_16":270,"_271":5103,"_146":4327},"b29496bfdfd4",[],{"_30":5105,"_16":270,"_271":5106,"_146":5108},"8ef821912578",[5107],"669277a","deployment for this.",[5110,5112,5114,5116],{"_30":5083,"_16":4343,"_4344":5111},"00:05:10.830",{"_30":5091,"_16":4343,"_4344":5113},"00:05:15.590",{"_30":5099,"_16":4343,"_4344":5115},"00:05:19.870",{"_30":5107,"_16":4343,"_4344":5117},"00:05:24.110",{"_30":5119,"_16":265,"_266":5120,"_274":5145,"_276":277},"bac333eea50c",[5121,5125,5129,5132,5137,5140],{"_30":5122,"_16":270,"_271":5123,"_146":4585},"f11b964a1570",[5124,364],"8ee9d2b",{"_30":5126,"_16":270,"_271":5127,"_146":5128},"3afdf7055315",[5124]," Right. Okay, so you answered this already a little bit, Jordan. But it was kind of",{"_30":5130,"_16":270,"_271":5131,"_146":4327},"64aa89ab741d",[],{"_30":5133,"_16":270,"_271":5134,"_146":5136},"85c7521e2277",[5135],"32d1782","a whirlwind experience. What personal indicators told you that taking the leap was sustainable",{"_30":5138,"_16":270,"_271":5139,"_146":4327},"163bb36b96d4",[],{"_30":5141,"_16":270,"_271":5142,"_146":5144},"a3813f20076f",[5143],"713fb2f","for you?",[5146,5148,5150],{"_30":5124,"_16":4343,"_4344":5147},"00:05:25.550",{"_30":5135,"_16":4343,"_4344":5149},"00:05:32.630",{"_30":5143,"_16":4343,"_4344":5151},"00:05:38.230",{"_30":5153,"_16":265,"_266":5154,"_274":5189,"_276":277},"e71f6df39ae4",[5155,5160,5164,5167,5172,5175,5180,5184],{"_30":5156,"_16":270,"_271":5157,"_146":5159},"3af57df6f664",[5158,364],"f8cd6ca","Jordan:",{"_30":5161,"_16":270,"_271":5162,"_146":5163},"21bb99f539ad",[5158]," I think just one of the things about being a startup is you kind of need some resilience. I",{"_30":5165,"_16":270,"_271":5166,"_146":4327},"42dace3fcb71",[],{"_30":5168,"_16":270,"_271":5169,"_146":5171},"034d5aaaa7ec",[5170],"76c5876","think there's financial resilience. For a lot of people it's hard, they have big mortgages,",{"_30":5173,"_16":270,"_271":5174,"_146":4327},"c6b29881b31c",[],{"_30":5176,"_16":270,"_271":5177,"_146":5179},"dd773a664087",[5178],"e74169c","et cetera. You need emotional resilience. You have days where you have to fire co",{"_30":5181,"_16":270,"_271":5182,"_146":5183},"6ef266c43fb6",[]," -",{"_30":5185,"_16":270,"_271":5186,"_146":5188},"075fda32d8b9",[5187],"7bc1783","founders. You have days where stuff isn't working.",[5190,5192,5194,5196],{"_30":5158,"_16":4343,"_4344":5191},"00:05:39.750",{"_30":5170,"_16":4343,"_4344":5193},"00:05:44.630",{"_30":5178,"_16":4343,"_4344":5195},"00:05:50.270",{"_30":5187,"_16":4343,"_4344":5197},"00:05:58.190",{"_30":5199,"_16":265,"_266":5200,"_274":5230,"_276":277},"0644aa7d57da",[5201,5206,5209,5214,5217,5222,5225],{"_30":5202,"_16":270,"_271":5203,"_146":5205},"28ccad279b38",[5204],"c14757e","There's just all kinds of things you didn't even",{"_30":5207,"_16":270,"_271":5208,"_146":4327},"c41feae3b082",[],{"_30":5210,"_16":270,"_271":5211,"_146":5213},"6ea6040e7d0d",[5212],"c66d1ea","expect like days where your bank evaporates, and all this money that you had collected and",{"_30":5215,"_16":270,"_271":5216,"_146":4327},"b3642ead86c2",[],{"_30":5218,"_16":270,"_271":5219,"_146":5221},"8a3f75541180",[5220],"e7cef4e","raised, all of a sudden, isn't there anymore. And so I was very fortunate in that I'd",{"_30":5223,"_16":270,"_271":5224,"_146":4327},"b691bed556f1",[],{"_30":5226,"_16":270,"_271":5227,"_146":5229},"3568d5f5c71e",[5228],"e0a4f4f","worked in big tech for a while.",[5231,5232,5234,5236],{"_30":5204,"_16":4343,"_4344":5197},{"_30":5212,"_16":4343,"_4344":5233},"00:06:04.730",{"_30":5220,"_16":4343,"_4344":5235},"00:06:11.850",{"_30":5228,"_16":4343,"_4344":5237},"00:06:18.410",{"_30":5239,"_16":265,"_266":5240,"_274":5270,"_276":277},"6dc6e1aa54ef",[5241,5246,5249,5254,5257,5262,5265],{"_30":5242,"_16":270,"_271":5243,"_146":5245},"225b7106c392",[5244],"07f2865","I'd had some financial resilience. I didn't have a big mortgage. My",{"_30":5247,"_16":270,"_271":5248,"_146":4327},"c367a2bbb665",[],{"_30":5250,"_16":270,"_271":5251,"_146":5253},"deb8fda26de3",[5252],"82c068b","wife doesn't care if we have a lot of money or spend a lot of money. She works at a bookstore.",{"_30":5255,"_16":270,"_271":5256,"_146":4327},"22372259d4f2",[],{"_30":5258,"_16":270,"_271":5259,"_146":5261},"c7f02efa31df",[5260],"55a5881","And so it may sound traditional, but I think a lot of the resilience that I was able to have",{"_30":5263,"_16":270,"_271":5264,"_146":4327},"d5d095d90a47",[],{"_30":5266,"_16":270,"_271":5267,"_146":5269},"459ffde2fbb0",[5268],"1b09b30","was because I had somebody who, I'd come home and she'd talk about books.",[5271,5272,5274,5276],{"_30":5244,"_16":4343,"_4344":5237},{"_30":5252,"_16":4343,"_4344":5273},"00:06:23.410",{"_30":5260,"_16":4343,"_4344":5275},"00:06:28.290",{"_30":5268,"_16":4343,"_4344":5277},"00:06:32.570",{"_30":5279,"_16":265,"_266":5280,"_274":5302,"_276":277},"9e0ae70465a5",[5281,5286,5289,5294,5297],{"_30":5282,"_16":270,"_271":5283,"_146":5285},"0faccbc9910f",[5284],"b3420e7","And",{"_30":5287,"_16":270,"_271":5288,"_146":4327},"4da4e0f62022",[],{"_30":5290,"_16":270,"_271":5291,"_146":5293},"fc5f0eb23500",[5292],"e3628d5","if I'd had a rough day, she'd listen. And I didn't have to worry about life, so that I could",{"_30":5295,"_16":270,"_271":5296,"_146":4327},"ab0d0672884d",[],{"_30":5298,"_16":270,"_271":5299,"_146":5301},"e8ec05e9728b",[5300],"c81dc4f","focus on the startup. I guess not everybody has that, but it certainly helped.",[5303,5304,5306],{"_30":5284,"_16":4343,"_4344":5277},{"_30":5292,"_16":4343,"_4344":5305},"00:06:40.410",{"_30":5300,"_16":4343,"_4344":5307},"00:06:49.609",{"_30":5309,"_16":265,"_266":5310,"_274":5327,"_276":277},"1d2ba1b886d4",[5311,5315,5319,5322],{"_30":5312,"_16":270,"_271":5313,"_146":4585},"4be67799b871",[5314,364],"e98302a",{"_30":5316,"_16":270,"_271":5317,"_146":5318},"8def6d15f52e",[5314]," It's nice to have that support. Okay, so Brooke, how did you determine that you had a specific",{"_30":5320,"_16":270,"_271":5321,"_146":4327},"775797d24dee",[],{"_30":5323,"_16":270,"_271":5324,"_146":5326},"ac7ed4d73afb",[5325],"18563ee","advantage in the problem space that you were going to found in?",[5328,5330],{"_30":5314,"_16":4343,"_4344":5329},"00:06:55.130",{"_30":5325,"_16":4343,"_4344":5331},"00:07:03.140",{"_30":5333,"_16":265,"_266":5334,"_274":5367,"_276":277},"b5cec6c11b2e",[5335,5339,5343,5346,5351,5354,5359,5362],{"_30":5336,"_16":270,"_271":5337,"_146":4600},"76925d98e771",[5338,364],"9785023",{"_30":5340,"_16":270,"_271":5341,"_146":5342},"ef82befa911b",[5338]," Yeah, I think a myth that I think I held in my head and why I didn't",{"_30":5344,"_16":270,"_271":5345,"_146":4327},"6b8ec6f07229",[],{"_30":5347,"_16":270,"_271":5348,"_146":5350},"54f69b3204e7",[5349],"2adf236","start something immediately after leaving is that you had to have the product envisioned",{"_30":5352,"_16":270,"_271":5353,"_146":4327},"854635a107c7",[],{"_30":5355,"_16":270,"_271":5356,"_146":5358},"11580adacf9b",[5357],"b63a351","when you leave. And not necessarily that there's this problem space that I want to solve for and",{"_30":5360,"_16":270,"_271":5361,"_146":4327},"960290587438",[],{"_30":5363,"_16":270,"_271":5364,"_146":5366},"20e3db08ddca",[5365],"4379949","I'm going to weave around to find what the answer is to that problem.",[5368,5370,5372,5374],{"_30":5338,"_16":4343,"_4344":5369},"00:07:07.540",{"_30":5349,"_16":4343,"_4344":5371},"00:07:13.180",{"_30":5357,"_16":4343,"_4344":5373},"00:07:19.780",{"_30":5365,"_16":4343,"_4344":5375},"00:07:25.260",{"_30":5377,"_16":265,"_266":5378,"_274":5424,"_276":277},"dc2e661c4557",[5379,5384,5387,5392,5395,5400,5403,5408,5411,5416,5419],{"_30":5380,"_16":270,"_271":5381,"_146":5383},"368579ce737f",[5382],"618035e","So it doesn't",{"_30":5385,"_16":270,"_271":5386,"_146":4327},"39284afc619a",[],{"_30":5388,"_16":270,"_271":5389,"_146":5391},"3ce43ad029b4",[5390],"abe43ce","have to be like, I think the story of Uber where I have this app and it's a novel",{"_30":5393,"_16":270,"_271":5394,"_146":4327},"ec2886ad3aa4",[],{"_30":5396,"_16":270,"_271":5397,"_146":5399},"306216690ab1",[5398],"e8cc2c0","idea that no one has ever heard of. I think especially in B2B software, it's a lot more about",{"_30":5401,"_16":270,"_271":5402,"_146":4327},"cbf744ef55e8",[],{"_30":5404,"_16":270,"_271":5405,"_146":5407},"7dfba09d142a",[5406],"e59e25c","how you find a problem space and then drill down on a very specific part of that problem space",{"_30":5409,"_16":270,"_271":5410,"_146":4327},"7ff310480225",[],{"_30":5412,"_16":270,"_271":5413,"_146":5415},"6f055c9e1021",[5414],"2e80c9e","and solve it really well. And so that looks a lot more iterative, you know, you keep",{"_30":5417,"_16":270,"_271":5418,"_146":4327},"6ee6fc25401c",[],{"_30":5420,"_16":270,"_271":5421,"_146":5423},"38d20cacb94f",[5422],"1c9d7a9","peeling back layers of the onion and solving more and more specific needs.",[5425,5426,5428,5430,5432,5434],{"_30":5382,"_16":4343,"_4344":5375},{"_30":5390,"_16":4343,"_4344":5427},"00:07:30.140",{"_30":5398,"_16":4343,"_4344":5429},"00:07:34.940",{"_30":5406,"_16":4343,"_4344":5431},"00:07:40.060",{"_30":5414,"_16":4343,"_4344":5433},"00:07:44.900",{"_30":5422,"_16":4343,"_4344":5435},"00:07:50.540",{"_30":5437,"_16":265,"_266":5438,"_274":5484,"_276":277},"a39faf42f30e",[5439,5444,5447,5452,5455,5460,5463,5468,5471,5476,5479],{"_30":5440,"_16":270,"_271":5441,"_146":5443},"c5d18f03b34c",[5442],"618e054","So",{"_30":5445,"_16":270,"_271":5446,"_146":4327},"9627e195be75",[],{"_30":5448,"_16":270,"_271":5449,"_146":5451},"a2972b719382",[5450],"dee5ad5","that was, I think, my slow realization. I realized I knew this problem space really well,",{"_30":5453,"_16":270,"_271":5454,"_146":4327},"7bbecbe36e94",[],{"_30":5456,"_16":270,"_271":5457,"_146":5459},"62a61325aeed",[5458],"68771a1","where self driving has been working in it for the last 10 years. All of a sudden voice comes along,",{"_30":5461,"_16":270,"_271":5462,"_146":4327},"6b96c8292749",[],{"_30":5464,"_16":270,"_271":5465,"_146":5467},"23ca973e18a1",[5466],"fcc75ec","and has all the same problems, but no one has more than a year of experience within voice",{"_30":5469,"_16":270,"_271":5470,"_146":4327},"143115309e28",[],{"_30":5472,"_16":270,"_271":5473,"_146":5475},"36a54bf44e76",[5474],"13b4d18","because basically the technology wasn't there to solve for it yet. So I can apply everything",{"_30":5477,"_16":270,"_271":5478,"_146":4327},"202c71eb7105",[],{"_30":5480,"_16":270,"_271":5481,"_146":5483},"fb9d257c0838",[5482],"e39031b","I learned to that new space.",[5485,5486,5488,5490,5492,5494],{"_30":5442,"_16":4343,"_4344":5435},{"_30":5450,"_16":4343,"_4344":5487},"00:07:56.900",{"_30":5458,"_16":4343,"_4344":5489},"00:08:01.580",{"_30":5466,"_16":4343,"_4344":5491},"00:08:05.820",{"_30":5474,"_16":4343,"_4344":5493},"00:08:11.500",{"_30":5482,"_16":4343,"_4344":5495},"00:08:16.500",{"_30":5497,"_16":265,"_266":5498,"_274":5515,"_276":277},"74f6d8422652",[5499,5503,5507,5510],{"_30":5500,"_16":270,"_271":5501,"_146":4585},"5202a614697f",[5502,364],"d593223",{"_30":5504,"_16":270,"_271":5505,"_146":5506},"4ba41992f793",[5502]," That's a great insight that the problem space versus a fully fleshed solution in your head. That's",{"_30":5508,"_16":270,"_271":5509,"_146":4327},"2b7134c0b6e6",[],{"_30":5511,"_16":270,"_271":5512,"_146":5514},"1ede2821582a",[5513],"a95358d","great.",[5516,5518],{"_30":5502,"_16":4343,"_4344":5517},"00:08:18.620",{"_30":5513,"_16":4343,"_4344":5519},"00:08:24.190",{"_30":5521,"_16":265,"_266":5522,"_274":5536,"_276":277},"bb3ff4119c2c",[5523,5528,5531],{"_30":5524,"_16":270,"_271":5525,"_146":5527},"65031fdf3211",[5526],"126a1ac","Okay, Josh, I can't wait to hear what you say here. If someone today told you they're",{"_30":5529,"_16":270,"_271":5530,"_146":4327},"55db42001df4",[],{"_30":5532,"_16":270,"_271":5533,"_146":5535},"41e7959ed895",[5534],"bec85ef","almost ready to found a startup, what questions would you ask them to test their readiness?",[5537,5538],{"_30":5526,"_16":4343,"_4344":5519},{"_30":5534,"_16":4343,"_4344":5539},"00:08:32.550",{"_30":5541,"_16":265,"_266":5542,"_274":5546,"_276":277},"13fe51ac2634",[5543],{"_30":5544,"_16":270,"_271":5545,"_146":982},"6d341d25204c",[],[],{"_30":5548,"_16":265,"_266":5549,"_274":5554,"_276":380},"ee43df37d31f",[5550],{"_30":5551,"_16":270,"_271":5552,"_146":5553},"6e4f4ba5314b",[],"Testing Founder Readiness",[],{"_30":5556,"_16":265,"_266":5557,"_274":5561,"_276":277},"8c368f1a78f3",[5558],{"_30":5559,"_16":270,"_271":5560,"_146":982},"f518810bff27",[],[],{"_30":5563,"_16":265,"_266":5564,"_274":5597,"_276":277},"c05a51dcdc7b",[5565,5569,5573,5576,5581,5584,5589,5592],{"_30":5566,"_16":270,"_271":5567,"_146":4941},"36e906ef6df7",[5568,364],"01e95d4",{"_30":5570,"_16":270,"_271":5571,"_146":5572},"066bfa2d244b",[5568]," What questions? That's a hard one because it's really intensely personal. There isn't a",{"_30":5574,"_16":270,"_271":5575,"_146":4327},"4124736b77be",[],{"_30":5577,"_16":270,"_271":5578,"_146":5580},"770be4501fd1",[5579],"0028e0c","list. I would just want to know about them and who they are and what they want out of life",{"_30":5582,"_16":270,"_271":5583,"_146":4327},"963ddff8c9ab",[],{"_30":5585,"_16":270,"_271":5586,"_146":5588},"b8a4235bde21",[5587],"9498d8a","and where they are emotionally and where they are with their family. I",{"_30":5590,"_16":270,"_271":5591,"_146":4327},"13b13671d6f4",[],{"_30":5593,"_16":270,"_271":5594,"_146":5596},"154c906b63c8",[5595],"c5dcefb","guess there are a few questions.",[5598,5600,5602,5604],{"_30":5568,"_16":4343,"_4344":5599},"00:08:38.990",{"_30":5579,"_16":4343,"_4344":5601},"00:08:44.390",{"_30":5587,"_16":4343,"_4344":5603},"00:08:49.380",{"_30":5595,"_16":4343,"_4344":5605},"00:08:55.340",{"_30":5607,"_16":265,"_266":5608,"_274":5622,"_276":679},"054f23a0aae3",[5609,5614,5617],{"_30":5610,"_16":270,"_271":5611,"_146":5613},"e0d78c6d5f80",[5612],"4cb1201","One question I would ask is do you like making decisions? Because if you hate",{"_30":5615,"_16":270,"_271":5616,"_146":4327},"c61e1afbc917",[],{"_30":5618,"_16":270,"_271":5619,"_146":5621},"8ce25d84b678",[5620],"81cbf90","making decisions, you do not want to be in the chair where all the decisions end up.",[5623,5624],{"_30":5612,"_16":4343,"_4344":5605},{"_30":5620,"_16":4343,"_4344":5625},"00:09:01.460",{"_30":5627,"_16":265,"_266":5628,"_274":5674,"_276":277},"1c04d5135536",[5629,5634,5637,5642,5645,5650,5653,5658,5661,5666,5669],{"_30":5630,"_16":270,"_271":5631,"_146":5633},"5cf80e94d07f",[5632],"5983b24","And I remember",{"_30":5635,"_16":270,"_271":5636,"_146":4327},"b4272cd547c9",[],{"_30":5638,"_16":270,"_271":5639,"_146":5641},"0403a6bcd793",[5640],"8f1e043","Obama making some comment that the thing about being president is that by the time a",{"_30":5643,"_16":270,"_271":5644,"_146":4327},"f5b0d34edc13",[],{"_30":5646,"_16":270,"_271":5647,"_146":5649},"f5b7a5dd109d",[5648],"0d62301","decision reaches you, you know it's hard. And so there's going to be a lot of that and you're",{"_30":5651,"_16":270,"_271":5652,"_146":4327},"5adf3675c8e1",[],{"_30":5654,"_16":270,"_271":5655,"_146":5657},"353d88d9a0d3",[5656],"609ac87","going to be working under uncertainty with lack of clarity and imperfect information and you're",{"_30":5659,"_16":270,"_271":5660,"_146":4327},"2309adfd65d7",[],{"_30":5662,"_16":270,"_271":5663,"_146":5665},"c6deca324f7c",[5664],"e38b8a5","basically an ER doc. And, ultimately, at some point, if you're lucky enough, people's",{"_30":5667,"_16":270,"_271":5668,"_146":4327},"2cf5191af492",[],{"_30":5670,"_16":270,"_271":5671,"_146":5673},"e681689093f8",[5672],"c2864d5","livelihood is going to depend on these quick decisions.",[5675,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684],{"_30":5632,"_16":4343,"_4344":5625},{"_30":5640,"_16":4343,"_4344":5677},"00:09:06.060",{"_30":5648,"_16":4343,"_4344":5679},"00:09:09.380",{"_30":5656,"_16":4343,"_4344":5681},"00:09:14.300",{"_30":5664,"_16":4343,"_4344":5683},"00:09:19.280",{"_30":5672,"_16":4343,"_4344":5685},"00:09:24.720",{"_30":5687,"_16":265,"_266":5688,"_274":5734,"_276":277},"c4be156f6bbe",[5689,5694,5697,5702,5705,5710,5713,5718,5721,5726,5729],{"_30":5690,"_16":270,"_271":5691,"_146":5693},"bc08c9a8e84d",[5692],"8ab8063","It is worth saying though, my parents",{"_30":5695,"_16":270,"_271":5696,"_146":4327},"c00795721b90",[],{"_30":5698,"_16":270,"_271":5699,"_146":5701},"626a61ddb373",[5700],"1ad8231","always told me if you wait until you're ready to have children, you will never have them. And the",{"_30":5703,"_16":270,"_271":5704,"_146":4327},"84e6a0b4aca8",[],{"_30":5706,"_16":270,"_271":5707,"_146":5709},"ab6e513300b8",[5708],"28c08a5","same is true for a startup. At some point you're going to be like, okay, I guess I'm",{"_30":5711,"_16":270,"_271":5712,"_146":4327},"2c4a2b5d02a3",[],{"_30":5714,"_16":270,"_271":5715,"_146":5717},"c743530263ac",[5716],"8118bca","going to do this. I will say also that if you kind of want to do it and you're not really",{"_30":5719,"_16":270,"_271":5720,"_146":4327},"87c0926d2cd2",[],{"_30":5722,"_16":270,"_271":5723,"_146":5725},"b70359c8f443",[5724],"137f061","sure, the thing that I did, the thing that Brooke did, go get a job at an early stage startup,",{"_30":5727,"_16":270,"_271":5728,"_146":4327},"94340f239100",[],{"_30":5730,"_16":270,"_271":5731,"_146":5733},"ba497ccf3d09",[5732],"d7172d2","ideally a successful one.",[5735,5736,5738,5740,5742,5744],{"_30":5692,"_16":4343,"_4344":5685},{"_30":5700,"_16":4343,"_4344":5737},"00:09:29.840",{"_30":5708,"_16":4343,"_4344":5739},"00:09:34.320",{"_30":5716,"_16":4343,"_4344":5741},"00:09:38.760",{"_30":5724,"_16":4343,"_4344":5743},"00:09:44.160",{"_30":5732,"_16":4343,"_4344":5745},"00:09:49.300",{"_30":5747,"_16":265,"_266":5748,"_274":5770,"_276":277},"9a6b67971558",[5749,5754,5757,5762,5765],{"_30":5750,"_16":270,"_271":5751,"_146":5753},"7660053f8eab",[5752],"3e7a87c","If you can pick that, that would be great. And learn the ropes and",{"_30":5755,"_16":270,"_271":5756,"_146":4327},"eb4358cb2e2b",[],{"_30":5758,"_16":270,"_271":5759,"_146":5761},"83dedb4acc56",[5760],"09221b9","see what it's and envision yourself in those shoes and you might learn it's not for you.",{"_30":5763,"_16":270,"_271":5764,"_146":4327},"363198ba6ef4",[],{"_30":5766,"_16":270,"_271":5767,"_146":5769},"a95cf6a51d5b",[5768],"f1c61b0","And if you think it's exciting, you'll see a lot more about things you do and don't want to do.",[5771,5772,5774],{"_30":5752,"_16":4343,"_4344":5745},{"_30":5760,"_16":4343,"_4344":5773},"00:09:54.400",{"_30":5768,"_16":4343,"_4344":5775},"00:09:58.480",{"_30":5777,"_16":265,"_266":5778,"_274":5795,"_276":277},"42689730e377",[5779,5783,5787,5790],{"_30":5780,"_16":270,"_271":5781,"_146":4585},"f8cc5021306a",[5782,364],"0e3ddd2",{"_30":5784,"_16":270,"_271":5785,"_146":5786},"8ea498ae8dcd",[5782]," Yes, that's really good advice. Feel it out first. Jordan, what was the most helpful founder to",{"_30":5788,"_16":270,"_271":5789,"_146":4327},"be60b5f7af86",[],{"_30":5791,"_16":270,"_271":5792,"_146":5794},"317687fb0a92",[5793],"5a97b5c","founder conversation you had leading up to your decision?",[5796,5798],{"_30":5782,"_16":4343,"_4344":5797},"00:10:05.720",{"_30":5793,"_16":4343,"_4344":5799},"00:10:14.580",{"_30":5801,"_16":265,"_266":5802,"_274":5843,"_276":277},"f81b5ea55475",[5803,5807,5811,5814,5819,5822,5827,5830,5835,5838],{"_30":5804,"_16":270,"_271":5805,"_146":5159},"0ec20204f10f",[5806,364],"97cd02b",{"_30":5808,"_16":270,"_271":5809,"_146":5810},"255e3b408c0c",[5806]," So in the middle period where I knew I wanted to build something, I had asked a founder",{"_30":5812,"_16":270,"_271":5813,"_146":4327},"82de891d3d76",[],{"_30":5815,"_16":270,"_271":5816,"_146":5818},"503e141a3613",[5817],"1169a0a","friend to make an introduction to the open source maintainers for the thing that I wanted to",{"_30":5820,"_16":270,"_271":5821,"_146":4327},"cf0c8884c578",[],{"_30":5823,"_16":270,"_271":5824,"_146":5826},"84b5d0a48896",[5825],"60fac6e","build on top of, because maybe they'd give me a job. And he said, \"you should totally start a",{"_30":5828,"_16":270,"_271":5829,"_146":4327},"1aabd790c9da",[],{"_30":5831,"_16":270,"_271":5832,"_146":5834},"5bdee92847bb",[5833],"2b36fbe","company. If you even thought about it,",{"_30":5836,"_16":270,"_271":5837,"_146":4327},"c38cfb18c55f",[],{"_30":5839,"_16":270,"_271":5840,"_146":5842},"c1150fa801c7",[5841],"876158d","you should definitely do it.\"",[5844,5846,5848,5850,5852],{"_30":5806,"_16":4343,"_4344":5845},"00:10:18.240",{"_30":5817,"_16":4343,"_4344":5847},"00:10:23.060",{"_30":5825,"_16":4343,"_4344":5849},"00:10:28.260",{"_30":5833,"_16":4343,"_4344":5851},"00:10:35.300",{"_30":5841,"_16":4343,"_4344":5853},"00:10:43.110",{"_30":5855,"_16":265,"_266":5856,"_274":5886,"_276":277},"88fa66c264f2",[5857,5862,5865,5870,5873,5878,5881],{"_30":5858,"_16":270,"_271":5859,"_146":5861},"ac5f0ce1db01",[5860],"6383bcb","He introduced me to the person who was his seed investor.",{"_30":5863,"_16":270,"_271":5864,"_146":4327},"37828eb5cb26",[],{"_30":5866,"_16":270,"_271":5867,"_146":5869},"6ff0fb1c8104",[5868],"cf56cd0","And he was really good at, when things got hard,",{"_30":5871,"_16":270,"_271":5872,"_146":4327},"8a52cbc33993",[],{"_30":5874,"_16":270,"_271":5875,"_146":5877},"abf43576cbab",[5876],"e8e1131","he had my back and there were a bunch of opportunities for him to screw me over and",{"_30":5879,"_16":270,"_271":5880,"_146":4327},"ed7324e03c6c",[],{"_30":5882,"_16":270,"_271":5883,"_146":5885},"c0c298d18a0f",[5884],"c47c886","he didn't. I had no idea what I was doing.",[5887,5888,5890,5892],{"_30":5860,"_16":4343,"_4344":5853},{"_30":5868,"_16":4343,"_4344":5889},"00:10:49.780",{"_30":5876,"_16":4343,"_4344":5891},"00:10:58.670",{"_30":5884,"_16":4343,"_4344":5893},"00:11:03.960",{"_30":5895,"_16":265,"_266":5896,"_274":5942,"_276":277},"c8c2d68cfa7e",[5897,5902,5905,5910,5913,5918,5921,5926,5929,5934,5937],{"_30":5898,"_16":270,"_271":5899,"_146":5901},"b7a449d1b91a",[5900],"5426972","So absolutely find an",{"_30":5903,"_16":270,"_271":5904,"_146":4327},"c0ef8b12634b",[],{"_30":5906,"_16":270,"_271":5907,"_146":5909},"20d2896882cb",[5908],"c73253a","investor. Maybe everybody is a shark. You know, that's",{"_30":5911,"_16":270,"_271":5912,"_146":4327},"ea8f5269c244",[],{"_30":5914,"_16":270,"_271":5915,"_146":5917},"814602a623f7",[5916],"9d65e7a","just the name of the game. But maybe they're not interested in",{"_30":5919,"_16":270,"_271":5920,"_146":4327},"885636f2f440",[],{"_30":5922,"_16":270,"_271":5923,"_146":5925},"da148be6efea",[5924],"4e1f717","eating you particularly. And he also",{"_30":5927,"_16":270,"_271":5928,"_146":4327},"18aa8c0e405c",[],{"_30":5930,"_16":270,"_271":5931,"_146":5933},"538ce01bc2ac",[5932],"b66f161","came up with a name. So the name MotherDuck came from this one guy. I thought he",{"_30":5935,"_16":270,"_271":5936,"_146":4327},"5272eb03d98d",[],{"_30":5938,"_16":270,"_271":5939,"_146":5941},"aa4db015f336",[5940],"db041bf","was joking and I said, \"you can't name a company MotherDuck. That's terrible.\"",[5943,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952],{"_30":5900,"_16":4343,"_4344":5893},{"_30":5908,"_16":4343,"_4344":5945},"00:11:09.120",{"_30":5916,"_16":4343,"_4344":5947},"00:11:16.600",{"_30":5924,"_16":4343,"_4344":5949},"00:11:21.960",{"_30":5932,"_16":4343,"_4344":5951},"00:11:30.990",{"_30":5940,"_16":4343,"_4344":5953},"00:11:35.430",{"_30":5955,"_16":265,"_266":5956,"_274":5978,"_276":277},"e9029abefeaa",[5957,5962,5965,5970,5973],{"_30":5958,"_16":270,"_271":5959,"_146":5961},"39ea03adc4ed",[5960],"04690d4","And he",{"_30":5963,"_16":270,"_271":5964,"_146":4327},"f5b07c8dcf27",[],{"_30":5966,"_16":270,"_271":5967,"_146":5969},"14592ef860fd",[5968],"56d9921","said, \"no, trust me, it's a good name. I'm good at naming things and the domain name's",{"_30":5971,"_16":270,"_271":5972,"_146":4327},"0771b371c8c4",[],{"_30":5974,"_16":270,"_271":5975,"_146":5977},"52569823bc82",[5976],"60ff03c","available.\" So it worked out.",[5979,5980,5982],{"_30":5960,"_16":4343,"_4344":5953},{"_30":5968,"_16":4343,"_4344":5981},"00:11:39.230",{"_30":5976,"_16":4343,"_4344":5983},"00:11:45.910",{"_30":5985,"_16":265,"_266":5986,"_274":6003,"_276":277},"0516a6d24f73",[5987,5991,5995,5998],{"_30":5988,"_16":270,"_271":5989,"_146":4585},"ebcba8b5e3b9",[5990,364],"f18dc5f",{"_30":5992,"_16":270,"_271":5993,"_146":5994},"f31d5d35f420",[5990]," Both important factors. I will never forget the name of your company, if that",{"_30":5996,"_16":270,"_271":5997,"_146":4327},"61fb8cd85d91",[],{"_30":5999,"_16":270,"_271":6000,"_146":6002},"6b13916b3204",[6001],"dc8177f","helps.",[6004,6006],{"_30":5990,"_16":4343,"_4344":6005},"00:11:46.470",{"_30":6001,"_16":4343,"_4344":6007},"00:11:53.150",{"_30":6009,"_16":265,"_266":6010,"_274":6014,"_276":277},"dfddc3ceccc2",[6011],{"_30":6012,"_16":270,"_271":6013,"_146":982},"c54ecd2fa101",[],[],{"_30":6016,"_16":265,"_266":6017,"_274":6022,"_276":380},"4907e8594926",[6018],{"_30":6019,"_16":270,"_271":6020,"_146":6021},"d79f5b42b09b",[],"Beyond the Myth: Timing is Everything",[],{"_30":6024,"_16":265,"_266":6025,"_274":6029,"_276":277},"9c44a09e86e3",[6026],{"_30":6027,"_16":270,"_271":6028,"_146":982},"6251044fed2a",[],[],{"_30":6031,"_16":265,"_266":6032,"_274":6054,"_276":277},"21ffd23cff6b",[6033,6038,6041,6046,6049],{"_30":6034,"_16":270,"_271":6035,"_146":6037},"1371b203cfea",[6036],"ab3696c","So there's this myth that timing is everything, but timing is a lot, being at the",{"_30":6039,"_16":270,"_271":6040,"_146":4327},"044c5ea67724",[],{"_30":6042,"_16":270,"_271":6043,"_146":6045},"9e890d3524b8",[6044],"0fe0947","right time for founding the right startup. So were there any timing signals you wish you hadn't",{"_30":6047,"_16":270,"_271":6048,"_146":4327},"3bd0b3ed6c0c",[],{"_30":6050,"_16":270,"_271":6051,"_146":6053},"34b7d378be91",[6052],"e0ca5c6","missed? And I'm going to open it up. Did any of you have any timing signals you wish you hadn't missed?",[6055,6056,6058],{"_30":6036,"_16":4343,"_4344":6007},{"_30":6044,"_16":4343,"_4344":6057},"00:12:02.240",{"_30":6052,"_16":4343,"_4344":6059},"00:12:08.240",{"_30":6061,"_16":265,"_266":6062,"_274":6087,"_276":277},"6f3cef715551",[6063,6067,6071,6074,6079,6082],{"_30":6064,"_16":270,"_271":6065,"_146":4600},"02e58d490433",[6066,364],"2030191",{"_30":6068,"_16":270,"_271":6069,"_146":6070},"8dc0f32d5bdb",[6066]," I think on paper it looks like we had pretty good timing because we started at a time when a",{"_30":6072,"_16":270,"_271":6073,"_146":4327},"c23029901587",[],{"_30":6075,"_16":270,"_271":6076,"_146":6078},"c4d59fb90a42",[6077],"f7470d7","bunch of people were building voice agents and there was no solution out there. We were building a solution",{"_30":6080,"_16":270,"_271":6081,"_146":4327},"8ffd71a46ad3",[],{"_30":6083,"_16":270,"_271":6084,"_146":6086},"8cfbb6189ee9",[6085],"ee57747","right at that time and now have been able to grow with a lot of those companies.",[6088,6090,6092],{"_30":6066,"_16":4343,"_4344":6089},"00:12:14.320",{"_30":6077,"_16":4343,"_4344":6091},"00:12:22.120",{"_30":6085,"_16":4343,"_4344":6093},"00:12:27.440",{"_30":6095,"_16":265,"_266":6096,"_274":6126,"_276":277},"0ea61bde6e47",[6097,6102,6105,6110,6113,6118,6121],{"_30":6098,"_16":270,"_271":6099,"_146":6101},"39cabe25e4b9",[6100],"1a78c24","But I",{"_30":6103,"_16":270,"_271":6104,"_146":4327},"fa581af38ae8",[],{"_30":6106,"_16":270,"_271":6107,"_146":6109},"941450cce63b",[6108],"e2cfdd0","think in practicality there was no forethought there. We couldn't have known, we couldn't have",{"_30":6111,"_16":270,"_271":6112,"_146":4327},"25f2292793f0",[],{"_30":6114,"_16":270,"_271":6115,"_146":6117},"8e87b2c79c8e",[6116],"65d0245","planned that that happened. So I feel like people make up backstories a lot to say, \"oh, yes, we kind",{"_30":6119,"_16":270,"_271":6120,"_146":4327},"625558c487d4",[],{"_30":6122,"_16":270,"_271":6123,"_146":6125},"c5f8da709fe6",[6124],"98911d1","of saw what was happening and knew that this was going to pan out.\"",[6127,6128,6130,6132],{"_30":6100,"_16":4343,"_4344":6093},{"_30":6108,"_16":4343,"_4344":6129},"00:12:32.720",{"_30":6116,"_16":4343,"_4344":6131},"00:12:37.280",{"_30":6124,"_16":4343,"_4344":6133},"00:12:44.320",{"_30":6135,"_16":265,"_266":6136,"_274":6153,"_276":277},"0ba6840ac67f",[6137,6141,6145,6148],{"_30":6138,"_16":270,"_271":6139,"_146":4941},"a51e4e1944f8",[6140,364],"37ef2ed",{"_30":6142,"_16":270,"_271":6143,"_146":6144},"bf77975a37e5",[6140]," Yeah, I would absolutely second that, if you're good at timing the market. I don't know what you're",{"_30":6146,"_16":270,"_271":6147,"_146":4327},"8e1505913bcc",[],{"_30":6149,"_16":270,"_271":6150,"_146":6152},"180d0af30ae6",[6151],"8da8b3a","doing here, but if you're good at timing the market, then definitely go time your startup too.",[6154,6156],{"_30":6140,"_16":4343,"_4344":6155},"00:12:47.670",{"_30":6151,"_16":4343,"_4344":6157},"00:12:51.590",{"_30":6159,"_16":265,"_266":6160,"_274":6201,"_276":277},"6cb9317e5a9d",[6161,6165,6169,6172,6177,6180,6185,6188,6193,6196],{"_30":6162,"_16":270,"_271":6163,"_146":5159},"ab4694e86949",[6164,364],"2c88c2d",{"_30":6166,"_16":270,"_271":6167,"_146":6168},"19e87cc1eb5b",[6164]," Yeah. The timing change that I would make is actually 15 years ago I almost started a company.",{"_30":6170,"_16":270,"_271":6171,"_146":4327},"d0e17a44e86d",[],{"_30":6173,"_16":270,"_271":6174,"_146":6176},"df3dddc957c5",[6175],"b4a00d9","I was going to be in the data visualization space and Tableau had been out for a few",{"_30":6178,"_16":270,"_271":6179,"_146":4327},"dd0afd59d38f",[],{"_30":6181,"_16":270,"_271":6182,"_146":6184},"b27c436e43d1",[6183],"b94424e","years and I'm like, oh, well, Tableau already solved that problem and so I'm not going to actually",{"_30":6186,"_16":270,"_271":6187,"_146":4327},"3b3bbee4c550",[],{"_30":6189,"_16":270,"_271":6190,"_146":6192},"c44c5bf2ed09",[6191],"f014eff","go and start a company. And so if I could go back, I would",{"_30":6194,"_16":270,"_271":6195,"_146":4327},"fe13617540d2",[],{"_30":6197,"_16":270,"_271":6198,"_146":6200},"891b48064eb7",[6199],"65a8189","just do it.",[6202,6204,6206,6208,6210],{"_30":6164,"_16":4343,"_4344":6203},"00:12:56.950",{"_30":6175,"_16":4343,"_4344":6205},"00:13:02.630",{"_30":6183,"_16":4343,"_4344":6207},"00:13:06.990",{"_30":6191,"_16":4343,"_4344":6209},"00:13:10.870",{"_30":6199,"_16":4343,"_4344":6211},"00:13:14.750",{"_30":6213,"_16":265,"_266":6214,"_274":6231,"_276":277},"f67cd6914d88",[6215,6219,6223,6226],{"_30":6216,"_16":270,"_271":6217,"_146":4600},"455a0dbdbdc1",[6218,364],"9282c1b",{"_30":6220,"_16":270,"_271":6221,"_146":6222},"57b56a325cd6",[6218]," Most of your competition shoots itself in the foot. I think that was really good advice we got from",{"_30":6224,"_16":270,"_271":6225,"_146":4327},"75cf06597a1b",[],{"_30":6227,"_16":270,"_271":6228,"_146":6230},"d4131fc912d8",[6229],"c20eeea","YC.",[6232,6234],{"_30":6218,"_16":4343,"_4344":6233},"00:13:17.980",{"_30":6229,"_16":4343,"_4344":6235},"00:13:22.340",{"_30":6237,"_16":265,"_266":6238,"_274":6268,"_276":679},"f4d0b6d788cb",[6239,6244,6247,6252,6255,6260,6263],{"_30":6240,"_16":270,"_271":6241,"_146":6243},"1188afea66c9",[6242],"aa388e6","Don't obsess over competition. If there's an incumbent in the",{"_30":6245,"_16":270,"_271":6246,"_146":4327},"404a32fa65ed",[],{"_30":6248,"_16":270,"_271":6249,"_146":6251},"8dd99d0753b2",[6250],"7f67e80","space that's really large and taking over the market, that's something to consider. But most of",{"_30":6253,"_16":270,"_271":6254,"_146":4327},"88d65fde85d1",[],{"_30":6256,"_16":270,"_271":6257,"_146":6259},"dc9dfc8a9cd2",[6258],"8db6ad7","your competition is going to die from giving up or having co-founder issues or they have",{"_30":6261,"_16":270,"_271":6262,"_146":4327},"d041dd52898c",[],{"_30":6264,"_16":270,"_271":6265,"_146":6267},"89f5c4d5cc3f",[6266],"c6d45c6","life events or they take a different approach.",[6269,6270,6272,6274],{"_30":6242,"_16":4343,"_4344":6235},{"_30":6250,"_16":4343,"_4344":6271},"00:13:28.860",{"_30":6258,"_16":4343,"_4344":6273},"00:13:33.460",{"_30":6266,"_16":4343,"_4344":6275},"00:13:39.860",{"_30":6277,"_16":265,"_266":6278,"_274":6303,"_276":277},"fb391b6e4a0d",[6279,6283,6287,6290,6295,6298],{"_30":6280,"_16":270,"_271":6281,"_146":4941},"bcc620a1d4d9",[6282,364],"6153750",{"_30":6284,"_16":270,"_271":6285,"_146":6286},"4efbe883c4ac",[6282]," Yeah. And absolutely, companies that look shiny from the outside almost always are a mess inside.",{"_30":6288,"_16":270,"_271":6289,"_146":4327},"e9f445993be2",[],{"_30":6291,"_16":270,"_271":6292,"_146":6294},"2a4f65ab18d8",[6293],"b273ba7","And so, if you look at other companies and think they've got this nailed, there's pretty darn",{"_30":6296,"_16":270,"_271":6297,"_146":4327},"bb1a52d95d55",[],{"_30":6299,"_16":270,"_271":6300,"_146":6302},"daf968c39dc4",[6301],"0f143d0","good odds they don't.",[6304,6306,6308],{"_30":6282,"_16":4343,"_4344":6305},"00:13:42.990",{"_30":6293,"_16":4343,"_4344":6307},"00:13:49.310",{"_30":6301,"_16":4343,"_4344":6309},"00:13:54.070",{"_30":6311,"_16":265,"_266":6312,"_274":6337,"_276":277},"722396934af5",[6313,6317,6321,6324,6329,6332],{"_30":6314,"_16":270,"_271":6315,"_146":4585},"b90b7eebf3cd",[6316,364],"9ef52b4",{"_30":6318,"_16":270,"_271":6319,"_146":6320},"3c7fc9de4674",[6316]," It's that Mad Men quote. Right? I don't think about you at all. So in the earliest phases, you",{"_30":6322,"_16":270,"_271":6323,"_146":4327},"b01f4ee3f45a",[],{"_30":6325,"_16":270,"_271":6326,"_146":6328},"74ca8ebdcd60",[6327],"8fa02a5","can only do a few things perfectly. You talked about this, Josh. You make a lot of decisions a",{"_30":6330,"_16":270,"_271":6331,"_146":4327},"12050d92495e",[],{"_30":6333,"_16":270,"_271":6334,"_146":6336},"1185ac35aaaa",[6335],"cf74eb6","nd some you can do exactly how you imagined and some you can't.",[6338,6340,6342],{"_30":6316,"_16":4343,"_4344":6339},"00:13:56.190",{"_30":6327,"_16":4343,"_4344":6341},"00:14:06.920",{"_30":6335,"_16":4343,"_4344":6343},"00:14:12.960",{"_30":6345,"_16":265,"_266":6346,"_274":6360,"_276":277},"22a8db4f9031",[6347,6352,6355],{"_30":6348,"_16":270,"_271":6349,"_146":6351},"732ecfbccbd0",[6350],"bc2dfdb","So I wanted to",{"_30":6353,"_16":270,"_271":6354,"_146":4327},"cedf801e5dbe",[],{"_30":6356,"_16":270,"_271":6357,"_146":6359},"4ccebfbd10c3",[6358],"e302587","ask you, Brooke, was there anything that you spent your do-it-absolutely-right tokens on?",[6361,6362],{"_30":6350,"_16":4343,"_4344":6343},{"_30":6358,"_16":4343,"_4344":6363},"00:14:20.120",{"_30":6365,"_16":265,"_266":6366,"_274":6370,"_276":277},"80ff66d1eef1",[6367],{"_30":6368,"_16":270,"_271":6369,"_146":982},"3c2a8e103f71",[],[],{"_30":6372,"_16":265,"_266":6373,"_274":6378,"_276":380},"14c29b707998",[6374],{"_30":6375,"_16":270,"_271":6376,"_146":6377},"f2d2e8d314e4",[],"Doing It Absolutely Right and Finding Co-Founders",[],{"_30":6380,"_16":265,"_266":6381,"_274":6385,"_276":277},"ba5e1e192b89",[6382],{"_30":6383,"_16":270,"_271":6384,"_146":982},"e3a3c5a392fd",[],[],{"_30":6387,"_16":265,"_266":6388,"_274":6429,"_276":277},"ffcf4ee7443f",[6389,6393,6397,6400,6405,6408,6413,6416,6421,6424],{"_30":6390,"_16":270,"_271":6391,"_146":4600},"e445920738b4",[6392,364],"9fbeea9",{"_30":6394,"_16":270,"_271":6395,"_146":6396},"2fe15b928ef3",[6392]," Yeah, I think it's too soon to say. Honestly, I don't know what we've done right yet. Call me back",{"_30":6398,"_16":270,"_271":6399,"_146":4327},"caf11a91701b",[],{"_30":6401,"_16":270,"_271":6402,"_146":6404},"6aae239e23ee",[6403],"0c3fa6e","in a few years. I think that we've been very intentional about what problems we are solving for",{"_30":6406,"_16":270,"_271":6407,"_146":4327},"c26436a9d0b7",[],{"_30":6409,"_16":270,"_271":6410,"_146":6412},"4a5121711cd0",[6411],"8bd3187","on the engineering side that are building out the best voice agents out there and really pushing the",{"_30":6414,"_16":270,"_271":6415,"_146":4327},"52749093b779",[],{"_30":6417,"_16":270,"_271":6418,"_146":6420},"c88be4956a69",[6419],"e11466a","limits of what autonomy can do within AI right now versus solving for integrations and getting",{"_30":6422,"_16":270,"_271":6423,"_146":4327},"e64c229ff006",[],{"_30":6425,"_16":270,"_271":6426,"_146":6428},"8e43d05da179",[6427],"6217888","people up to speed immediately.",[6430,6432,6434,6436,6438],{"_30":6392,"_16":4343,"_4344":6431},"00:14:26.520",{"_30":6403,"_16":4343,"_4344":6433},"00:14:35.070",{"_30":6411,"_16":4343,"_4344":6435},"00:14:44.510",{"_30":6419,"_16":4343,"_4344":6437},"00:14:51.110",{"_30":6427,"_16":4343,"_4344":6439},"00:14:57.950",{"_30":6441,"_16":265,"_266":6442,"_274":6480,"_276":277},"03c399fc8cd7",[6443,6448,6451,6456,6459,6464,6467,6472,6475],{"_30":6444,"_16":270,"_271":6445,"_146":6447},"7a0b9c04a40c",[6446],"fb40410","So for example, prompt optimization or the ability to auto generate",{"_30":6449,"_16":270,"_271":6450,"_146":4327},"87b771ba445d",[],{"_30":6452,"_16":270,"_271":6453,"_146":6455},"9b8416d8355e",[6454],"c45f3b3","things the moment that you log into the app is less important than saying how can we support",{"_30":6457,"_16":270,"_271":6458,"_146":4327},"d3b662c1016b",[],{"_30":6460,"_16":270,"_271":6461,"_146":6463},"ec05f938d8c3",[6462],"830d602","the best voice AI teams out there that are building state of the art systems that",{"_30":6465,"_16":270,"_271":6466,"_146":4327},"fee22ec64f4f",[],{"_30":6468,"_16":270,"_271":6469,"_146":6471},"693179c73f41",[6470],"90a9ae9","are really complicated and how do we make those even better than they could be? That's been where",{"_30":6473,"_16":270,"_271":6474,"_146":4327},"6322cadec861",[],{"_30":6476,"_16":270,"_271":6477,"_146":6479},"eb0fb6cbae3d",[6478],"bbc33c8","we've been focused. Soon time will tell if that's a good plan.",[6481,6482,6484,6486,6488],{"_30":6446,"_16":4343,"_4344":6439},{"_30":6454,"_16":4343,"_4344":6483},"00:15:04.690",{"_30":6462,"_16":4343,"_4344":6485},"00:15:09.050",{"_30":6470,"_16":4343,"_4344":6487},"00:15:14.570",{"_30":6478,"_16":4343,"_4344":6489},"00:15:19.250",{"_30":6491,"_16":265,"_266":6492,"_274":6501,"_276":277},"89956acc168c",[6493,6497],{"_30":6494,"_16":270,"_271":6495,"_146":4585},"f0ba08795ac0",[6496,364],"a302005",{"_30":6498,"_16":270,"_271":6499,"_146":6500},"4443e0ae74e1",[6496]," Crossing my fingers. Josh, how about you?",[6502],{"_30":6496,"_16":4343,"_4344":6503},"00:15:24.170",{"_30":6505,"_16":265,"_266":6506,"_274":6523,"_276":277},"791ca6af0b8d",[6507,6511,6515,6518],{"_30":6508,"_16":270,"_271":6509,"_146":4941},"42f4f9f5f16b",[6510,364],"faf3334",{"_30":6512,"_16":270,"_271":6513,"_146":6514},"5af73ca1ecf4",[6510]," Well, there's a baseline, like don't screw up your legal and your cap table and stuff, but",{"_30":6516,"_16":270,"_271":6517,"_146":4327},"6f5314159946",[],{"_30":6519,"_16":270,"_271":6520,"_146":6522},"c105370ca9cc",[6521],"63109f8","that hopefully shouldn't take much of your time and attention.",[6524,6526],{"_30":6510,"_16":4343,"_4344":6525},"00:15:29.040",{"_30":6521,"_16":4343,"_4344":6527},"00:15:35.100",{"_30":6529,"_16":265,"_266":6530,"_274":6576,"_276":679},"430c5feaad4c",[6531,6536,6539,6544,6547,6552,6555,6560,6563,6568,6571],{"_30":6532,"_16":270,"_271":6533,"_146":6535},"b45043c13b58",[6534],"a380ac9","The one place where",{"_30":6537,"_16":270,"_271":6538,"_146":4327},"acd24a12bdb4",[],{"_30":6540,"_16":270,"_271":6541,"_146":6543},"cde3ae992d59",[6542],"a7f5ea8","you would really want to focus on doing it right is culture and people because it is the thing",{"_30":6545,"_16":270,"_271":6546,"_146":4327},"38c4ab5e07b4",[],{"_30":6548,"_16":270,"_271":6549,"_146":6551},"f3f999978e23",[6550],"b29baab","that is set in stone the earliest and will have the longest impact. 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So with that in mind, Jordan, why don't you start us off talking about",{"_30":6600,"_16":270,"_271":6601,"_146":4327},"2cd7297892e1",[],{"_30":6603,"_16":270,"_271":6604,"_146":6606},"3b8a93f1e699",[6605],"4c17d05","how you approach adding co-founders.",[6608,6610],{"_30":6594,"_16":4343,"_4344":6609},"00:16:09.480",{"_30":6605,"_16":4343,"_4344":6611},"00:16:16.920",{"_30":6613,"_16":265,"_266":6614,"_274":6639,"_276":277},"7b1486db28f1",[6615,6619,6623,6626,6631,6634],{"_30":6616,"_16":270,"_271":6617,"_146":5159},"db72469b7492",[6618,364],"85089a8",{"_30":6620,"_16":270,"_271":6621,"_146":6622},"fe6c66d38df4",[6618]," So first of all, I almost accidentally started a company, so I had nobody that I had talked",{"_30":6624,"_16":270,"_271":6625,"_146":4327},"b6d2fbce1a61",[],{"_30":6627,"_16":270,"_271":6628,"_146":6630},"2d80e31fef86",[6629],"4e38cd8","to about this before, as co-founders, and so I was terrified that nobody would want to join",{"_30":6632,"_16":270,"_271":6633,"_146":4327},"668176c80ea7",[],{"_30":6635,"_16":270,"_271":6636,"_146":6638},"05353c5712ee",[6637],"10fbb57","the company or do it with me. So I talked to all my favorite people.",[6640,6642,6644],{"_30":6618,"_16":4343,"_4344":6641},"00:16:21.020",{"_30":6629,"_16":4343,"_4344":6643},"00:16:25.780",{"_30":6637,"_16":4343,"_4344":6645},"00:16:33.700",{"_30":6647,"_16":265,"_266":6648,"_274":6694,"_276":277},"3e959b19a997",[6649,6654,6657,6662,6665,6670,6673,6678,6681,6686,6689],{"_30":6650,"_16":270,"_271":6651,"_146":6653},"a8fe66093840",[6652],"7cb1a06","Most of them said no,",{"_30":6655,"_16":270,"_271":6656,"_146":4327},"037b2dfa8959",[],{"_30":6658,"_16":270,"_271":6659,"_146":6661},"7308a312fed6",[6660],"3bc3db6","but you only need a couple that say yes. And some people came out of the woodwork and all of a",{"_30":6663,"_16":270,"_271":6664,"_146":4327},"aed5e377c096",[],{"_30":6666,"_16":270,"_271":6667,"_146":6669},"db58134463c5",[6668],"63e0088","sudden we had 11 people. and they weren't necessarily all equal co-founders,",{"_30":6671,"_16":270,"_271":6672,"_146":4327},"4b09e7113a95",[],{"_30":6674,"_16":270,"_271":6675,"_146":6677},"40af95e919b9",[6676],"13d9a53","but we had this big team, which we called our Starting Eleven, that we could go and",{"_30":6679,"_16":270,"_271":6680,"_146":4327},"c44c1adc1132",[],{"_30":6682,"_16":270,"_271":6683,"_146":6685},"525fb3a7a832",[6684],"3949a0a","solve problems with. 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How did you approach adding co-founders?",[6718],{"_30":6712,"_16":4343,"_4344":6719},"00:17:06.630",{"_30":6721,"_16":265,"_266":6722,"_274":6747,"_276":277},"bce7e8d4f079",[6723,6727,6731,6734,6739,6742],{"_30":6724,"_16":270,"_271":6725,"_146":4600},"de4caadb8c60",[6726,364],"255f830",{"_30":6728,"_16":270,"_271":6729,"_146":6730},"8ace7e2415a5",[6726]," So I'm actually a solo founder. So I guess I didn't add co-founders. But I think we had an",{"_30":6732,"_16":270,"_271":6733,"_146":4327},"5520a54f07ad",[],{"_30":6735,"_16":270,"_271":6736,"_146":6738},"9ed7777cc881",[6737],"92ce4a2","awesome starting team. And so my best friend said, I'll help you with anything",{"_30":6740,"_16":270,"_271":6741,"_146":4327},"1511a2ca281b",[],{"_30":6743,"_16":270,"_271":6744,"_146":6746},"bd4722fad13b",[6745],"ec3d5b0","on the side, and then ended up joining full time.",[6748,6750,6752],{"_30":6726,"_16":4343,"_4344":6749},"00:17:10.100",{"_30":6737,"_16":4343,"_4344":6751},"00:17:15.880",{"_30":6745,"_16":4343,"_4344":6753},"00:17:22.680",{"_30":6755,"_16":265,"_266":6756,"_274":6794,"_276":277},"446ffbd0f8f5",[6757,6762,6765,6770,6773,6778,6781,6786,6789],{"_30":6758,"_16":270,"_271":6759,"_146":6761},"d0c5c06fc8c6",[6760],"488fb33","I had my really good friend from",{"_30":6763,"_16":270,"_271":6764,"_146":4327},"6c07d60840e6",[],{"_30":6766,"_16":270,"_271":6767,"_146":6769},"07041dee06a7",[6768],"756ac38","Waymo who ended up joining us. And then a friend of a friend joined as our head of growth and she",{"_30":6771,"_16":270,"_271":6772,"_146":4327},"8c349bd8336a",[],{"_30":6774,"_16":270,"_271":6775,"_146":6777},"117310baf942",[6776],"8514666","had scaled companies before. Cody had built the same system at Waymo before and my really good",{"_30":6779,"_16":270,"_271":6780,"_146":4327},"26976865d44a",[],{"_30":6782,"_16":270,"_271":6783,"_146":6785},"162dcfeed9aa",[6784],"be0a72c","friend was both an incredible engineer and also I think a really good support system and",{"_30":6787,"_16":270,"_271":6788,"_146":4327},"4c8402c48249",[],{"_30":6790,"_16":270,"_271":6791,"_146":6793},"73967120b165",[6792],"3f916d6","confidant in decision making. So again, between the four of us, I think we have a really solid team.",[6795,6796,6798,6800,6802],{"_30":6760,"_16":4343,"_4344":6753},{"_30":6768,"_16":4343,"_4344":6797},"00:17:27.560",{"_30":6776,"_16":4343,"_4344":6799},"00:17:34.040",{"_30":6784,"_16":4343,"_4344":6801},"00:17:40.860",{"_30":6792,"_16":4343,"_4344":6803},"00:17:46.820",{"_30":6805,"_16":265,"_266":6806,"_274":6831,"_276":277},"15bb2427a441",[6807,6811,6815,6818,6823,6826],{"_30":6808,"_16":270,"_271":6809,"_146":4585},"ebd2f75c3497",[6810,364],"6869959",{"_30":6812,"_16":270,"_271":6813,"_146":6814},"083adcbe7a5b",[6810]," That's very different but also very interesting. Again, no proven recipe. Do what",{"_30":6816,"_16":270,"_271":6817,"_146":4327},"f872543702e5",[],{"_30":6819,"_16":270,"_271":6820,"_146":6822},"f3da3b7afbe2",[6821],"b2290c3","works. 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When you have to make a really hard decision, the more people in the room, the",{"_30":6858,"_16":270,"_271":6859,"_146":4327},"4e66a6ebdf00",[],{"_30":6861,"_16":270,"_271":6862,"_146":6864},"119829600a25",[6863],"247a8fd","harder it gets.",[6866,6868,6870],{"_30":6844,"_16":4343,"_4344":6867},"00:18:11.270",{"_30":6855,"_16":4343,"_4344":6869},"00:18:20.590",{"_30":6863,"_16":4343,"_4344":6871},"00:18:25.470",{"_30":6873,"_16":265,"_266":6874,"_274":6904,"_276":277},"d85c20ac94c5",[6875,6880,6883,6888,6891,6896,6899],{"_30":6876,"_16":270,"_271":6877,"_146":6879},"48217c4df6fd",[6878],"c2f8740","It's wonderful to have a big team of trusted advisors who can give you lots of",{"_30":6881,"_16":270,"_271":6882,"_146":4327},"69aee83410ea",[],{"_30":6884,"_16":270,"_271":6885,"_146":6887},"e16696d122a1",[6886],"e65a9fc","different perspectives, lots of different bits of insights but in the end when you have to make",{"_30":6889,"_16":270,"_271":6890,"_146":4327},"b5806006eebd",[],{"_30":6892,"_16":270,"_271":6893,"_146":6895},"716a97f4de5a",[6894],"18cc053","a hard decision, the fewer people, the better, unless it's just on your shoulders. So I'm set on",{"_30":6897,"_16":270,"_271":6898,"_146":4327},"767b0492975c",[],{"_30":6900,"_16":270,"_271":6901,"_146":6903},"cb716b3e97da",[6902],"06bc1aa","two.",[6905,6906,6908,6910],{"_30":6878,"_16":4343,"_4344":6871},{"_30":6886,"_16":4343,"_4344":6907},"00:18:30.230",{"_30":6894,"_16":4343,"_4344":6909},"00:18:34.430",{"_30":6902,"_16":4343,"_4344":6911},"00:18:40.190",{"_30":6913,"_16":265,"_266":6914,"_274":6918,"_276":277},"468ddb1fced6",[6915],{"_30":6916,"_16":270,"_271":6917,"_146":982},"59a1eca403ac",[],[],{"_30":6920,"_16":265,"_266":6921,"_274":6926,"_276":380},"98417a267171",[6922],{"_30":6923,"_16":270,"_271":6924,"_146":6925},"cf160d49943f",[],"Aligning with Co-Founders Through Rituals",[],{"_30":6928,"_16":265,"_266":6929,"_274":6933,"_276":277},"b8c50b811562",[6930],{"_30":6931,"_16":270,"_271":6932,"_146":982},"241cabf42c23",[],[],{"_30":6935,"_16":265,"_266":6936,"_274":6953,"_276":277},"2ae243538c2e",[6937,6941,6945,6948],{"_30":6938,"_16":270,"_271":6939,"_146":4585},"7f8481107b86",[6940,364],"916a623",{"_30":6942,"_16":270,"_271":6943,"_146":6944},"f90dd00c41cd",[6940]," Two works. Yeah. So when disagreements arise, I'll start with you, Jordan. Are there any rituals or",{"_30":6946,"_16":270,"_271":6947,"_146":4327},"4f0a71ec7c3e",[],{"_30":6949,"_16":270,"_271":6950,"_146":6952},"c9d9c714f8f0",[6951],"4a6a37d","processes that you go through to keep aligned with your co-founders?",[6954,6956],{"_30":6940,"_16":4343,"_4344":6955},"00:18:42.150",{"_30":6951,"_16":4343,"_4344":6957},"00:18:51.320",{"_30":6959,"_16":265,"_266":6960,"_274":6993,"_276":277},"8a266a67bf0a",[6961,6965,6969,6972,6977,6980,6985,6988],{"_30":6962,"_16":270,"_271":6963,"_146":5159},"09b4b15def91",[6964,364],"c930a8a",{"_30":6966,"_16":270,"_271":6967,"_146":6968},"b5d3b1b614f3",[6964]," So that's really hard. I'm somebody who's experienced both: we had 11 co",{"_30":6970,"_16":270,"_271":6971,"_146":5183},"79f46feddf67",[],{"_30":6973,"_16":270,"_271":6974,"_146":6976},"8426b879d5a6",[6975],"b1432b6","founders but then I was also a solo founder. So people",{"_30":6978,"_16":270,"_271":6979,"_146":4327},"a4d943b28dcf",[],{"_30":6981,"_16":270,"_271":6982,"_146":6984},"5386698039c7",[6983],"1f143ef","felt they deserved a seat at the table and should be able to be involved in the",{"_30":6986,"_16":270,"_271":6987,"_146":4327},"e1ecf3417c5d",[],{"_30":6989,"_16":270,"_271":6990,"_146":6992},"a3caaabe7405",[6991],"7d75822","decisions, but you can't involve 11 people in the decisions.",[6994,6996,6998,7000],{"_30":6964,"_16":4343,"_4344":6995},"00:18:56.520",{"_30":6975,"_16":4343,"_4344":6997},"00:19:03.460",{"_30":6983,"_16":4343,"_4344":6999},"00:19:09.460",{"_30":6991,"_16":4343,"_4344":7001},"00:19:14.340",{"_30":7003,"_16":265,"_266":7004,"_274":7058,"_276":277},"32d15d1cb06c",[7005,7010,7013,7018,7021,7026,7029,7034,7037,7042,7045,7050,7053],{"_30":7006,"_16":270,"_271":7007,"_146":7009},"038538eb512a",[7008],"e415c03","And so, I screwed it up many",{"_30":7011,"_16":270,"_271":7012,"_146":4327},"a9a29dccb39e",[],{"_30":7014,"_16":270,"_271":7015,"_146":7017},"a6d45781e5eb",[7016],"7715254","times, got people pissed off. I think we did then develop some kind of",{"_30":7019,"_16":270,"_271":7020,"_146":4327},"7a3a86f7a08f",[],{"_30":7022,"_16":270,"_271":7023,"_146":7025},"543a34c1adef",[7024],"0161273","decision frameworks and making it clear about how a decision is being made is important. Is",{"_30":7027,"_16":270,"_271":7028,"_146":4327},"9805f22bd88c",[],{"_30":7030,"_16":270,"_271":7031,"_146":7033},"aac918f09560",[7032],"a2d7c19","this something that I'm just going to make the call on? I try not to do that",{"_30":7035,"_16":270,"_271":7036,"_146":4327},"6fb0f3c2a9af",[],{"_30":7038,"_16":270,"_271":7039,"_146":7041},"7100f014d31b",[7040],"e1c1b80","very much. Or is this something that we're all going to discuss and then",{"_30":7043,"_16":270,"_271":7044,"_146":4327},"b884ddce5212",[],{"_30":7046,"_16":270,"_271":7047,"_146":7049},"31b3bce3a189",[7048],"53ff448","pick? You want to make sure that you can move fast and so,",{"_30":7051,"_16":270,"_271":7052,"_146":4327},"0daff7b4b16c",[],{"_30":7054,"_16":270,"_271":7055,"_146":7057},"8e0620723cf0",[7056],"eef1abe","consensus is usually not the best way to do it.",[7059,7060,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070],{"_30":7008,"_16":4343,"_4344":7001},{"_30":7016,"_16":4343,"_4344":7061},"00:19:19.860",{"_30":7024,"_16":4343,"_4344":7063},"00:19:26.820",{"_30":7032,"_16":4343,"_4344":7065},"00:19:32.380",{"_30":7040,"_16":4343,"_4344":7067},"00:19:35.960",{"_30":7048,"_16":4343,"_4344":7069},"00:19:40.040",{"_30":7056,"_16":4343,"_4344":7071},"00:19:46.320",{"_30":7073,"_16":265,"_266":7074,"_274":7083,"_276":277},"996afdf38aa0",[7075,7079],{"_30":7076,"_16":270,"_271":7077,"_146":4585},"d0b41b59ee76",[7078,364],"b1b59c8",{"_30":7080,"_16":270,"_271":7081,"_146":7082},"5de86b103c23",[7078]," Josh, how about you? Do you have any rituals that you go back to?",[7084],{"_30":7078,"_16":4343,"_4344":7085},"00:19:51.120",{"_30":7087,"_16":265,"_266":7088,"_274":7113,"_276":277},"6e3c8aa39d11",[7089,7093,7097,7100,7105,7108],{"_30":7090,"_16":270,"_271":7091,"_146":4941},"1f15a1995f91",[7092,364],"568956b",{"_30":7094,"_16":270,"_271":7095,"_146":7096},"db81bb59f418",[7092]," I mean, I screw this up constantly. It's very clear that you need to have ongoing, regular",{"_30":7098,"_16":270,"_271":7099,"_146":4327},"c32a890fe0d5",[],{"_30":7101,"_16":270,"_271":7102,"_146":7104},"41be2105fe82",[7103],"55ec06f","communication, not in response to somebody finally being sick of X, Y or Z and is like, \"we need to",{"_30":7106,"_16":270,"_271":7107,"_146":4327},"6460c3bd1137",[],{"_30":7109,"_16":270,"_271":7110,"_146":7112},"d6555d77d0a6",[7111],"eaab43e","talk.\"You need ongoing, one-on-one style conversations.",[7114,7116,7118],{"_30":7092,"_16":4343,"_4344":7115},"00:19:55.440",{"_30":7103,"_16":4343,"_4344":7117},"00:20:02.870",{"_30":7111,"_16":4343,"_4344":7119},"00:20:08.150",{"_30":7121,"_16":265,"_266":7122,"_274":7160,"_276":277},"b9b0c2775097",[7123,7128,7131,7136,7139,7144,7147,7152,7155],{"_30":7124,"_16":270,"_271":7125,"_146":7127},"90cfe3534568",[7126],"1a0d5c2","At the same time, it's also really easy",{"_30":7129,"_16":270,"_271":7130,"_146":4327},"08670f3fa219",[],{"_30":7132,"_16":270,"_271":7133,"_146":7135},"0ad900775272",[7134],"c6ed3eb","to have regularly scheduled conversations and you just talk about whatever and you talk about the",{"_30":7137,"_16":270,"_271":7138,"_146":4327},"55419ea16af1",[],{"_30":7140,"_16":270,"_271":7141,"_146":7143},"44bbd10c9564",[7142],"a3a6d72","things right in front of you. And you don't talk about strategy or you don't have the more",{"_30":7145,"_16":270,"_271":7146,"_146":4327},"f3f6af368faf",[],{"_30":7148,"_16":270,"_271":7149,"_146":7151},"f8012e0a1549",[7150],"ed64feb","challenging conversations where you're like, \"how are you feeling? Where are you in your life? How",{"_30":7153,"_16":270,"_271":7154,"_146":4327},"5ec4e892fdd2",[],{"_30":7156,"_16":270,"_271":7157,"_146":7159},"c2257fdb769a",[7158],"f079110","are things sitting with you?\"",[7161,7162,7164,7166,7168],{"_30":7126,"_16":4343,"_4344":7119},{"_30":7134,"_16":4343,"_4344":7163},"00:20:13.230",{"_30":7142,"_16":4343,"_4344":7165},"00:20:17.430",{"_30":7150,"_16":4343,"_4344":7167},"00:20:21.270",{"_30":7158,"_16":4343,"_4344":7169},"00:20:27.840",{"_30":7171,"_16":265,"_266":7172,"_274":7194,"_276":277},"7adb5fba1828",[7173,7178,7181,7186,7189],{"_30":7174,"_16":270,"_271":7175,"_146":7177},"d16cd29bf55f",[7176],"efd35c7","And they're hard conversations. They take emotional energy, but",{"_30":7179,"_16":270,"_271":7180,"_146":4327},"9a56512887fa",[],{"_30":7182,"_16":270,"_271":7183,"_146":7185},"08753f1e61c2",[7184],"274afb3","this is like any serious and important relationship in your life. They take emotional energy and you",{"_30":7187,"_16":270,"_271":7188,"_146":4327},"36a98832112c",[],{"_30":7190,"_16":270,"_271":7191,"_146":7193},"b3f6e5ac5d97",[7192],"1518aa8","have to work on them. And so, yes, I know we have to do it regularly.",[7195,7196,7198],{"_30":7176,"_16":4343,"_4344":7169},{"_30":7184,"_16":4343,"_4344":7197},"00:20:34.680",{"_30":7192,"_16":4343,"_4344":7199},"00:20:39.360",{"_30":7201,"_16":265,"_266":7202,"_274":7232,"_276":277},"42c0df4fb848",[7203,7208,7211,7216,7219,7224,7227],{"_30":7204,"_16":270,"_271":7205,"_146":7207},"3186a6a2b129",[7206],"f1f12b2","I know we have to do it.",{"_30":7209,"_16":270,"_271":7210,"_146":4327},"b4b56b110668",[],{"_30":7212,"_16":270,"_271":7213,"_146":7215},"8e159bdd78b7",[7214],"34d712b","And I still screw it up. And every once in a while I look up and I'm like, oh, shoot, I have been",{"_30":7217,"_16":270,"_271":7218,"_146":4327},"01af0d544323",[],{"_30":7220,"_16":270,"_271":7221,"_146":7223},"3654d03f2feb",[7222],"eaf625e","completely negligent. And then you sit down and you have the conversations and you get back on",{"_30":7225,"_16":270,"_271":7226,"_146":4327},"d58196c60773",[],{"_30":7228,"_16":270,"_271":7229,"_146":7231},"68ecff31f30e",[7230],"d9d3eec","track.",[7233,7234,7236,7238],{"_30":7206,"_16":4343,"_4344":7199},{"_30":7214,"_16":4343,"_4344":7235},"00:20:44.520",{"_30":7222,"_16":4343,"_4344":7237},"00:20:48.920",{"_30":7230,"_16":4343,"_4344":7239},"00:20:53.760",{"_30":7241,"_16":265,"_266":7242,"_274":7267,"_276":277},"631faa422f04",[7243,7247,7251,7254,7259,7262],{"_30":7244,"_16":270,"_271":7245,"_146":4585},"1f218e710501",[7246,364],"db4b9f5",{"_30":7248,"_16":270,"_271":7249,"_146":7250},"a115ffc61ae4",[7246]," And Brooke, it might come more naturally with your best friend being in the mix, but do you have",{"_30":7252,"_16":270,"_271":7253,"_146":4327},"8ba795dc8090",[],{"_30":7255,"_16":270,"_271":7256,"_146":7258},"793aad36b643",[7257],"dd7a2bc","something, do you schedule something? Do you have a ritual that you do when things go wrong and want",{"_30":7260,"_16":270,"_271":7261,"_146":4327},"2796cf742b42",[],{"_30":7263,"_16":270,"_271":7264,"_146":7266},"c4d459ec867e",[7265],"3102bc7","to talk it out?",[7268,7270,7272],{"_30":7246,"_16":4343,"_4344":7269},"00:20:55.290",{"_30":7257,"_16":4343,"_4344":7271},"00:20:59.170",{"_30":7265,"_16":4343,"_4344":7273},"00:21:02.770",{"_30":7275,"_16":265,"_266":7276,"_274":7301,"_276":277},"e55708054474",[7277,7281,7285,7288,7293,7296],{"_30":7278,"_16":270,"_271":7279,"_146":4600},"ce00e4088706",[7280,364],"5901a13",{"_30":7282,"_16":270,"_271":7283,"_146":7284},"2df5e33a9fbe",[7280]," Yeah, well, we're five plus days a week in person, and so I think that makes a huge difference",{"_30":7286,"_16":270,"_271":7287,"_146":4327},"53a8d668f9a7",[],{"_30":7289,"_16":270,"_271":7290,"_146":7292},"2114aaa71aea",[7291],"4cb5019","because you see every single thing that's happening. You can feel the energy of people in the room,",{"_30":7294,"_16":270,"_271":7295,"_146":4327},"027cb362bd76",[],{"_30":7297,"_16":270,"_271":7298,"_146":7300},"49035724fe23",[7299],"ecc526f","when people are frustrated, when people are tired or super excited, you feel all of it.",[7302,7304,7306],{"_30":7280,"_16":4343,"_4344":7303},"00:21:03.770",{"_30":7291,"_16":4343,"_4344":7305},"00:21:10.330",{"_30":7299,"_16":4343,"_4344":7307},"00:21:16.250",{"_30":7309,"_16":265,"_266":7310,"_274":7356,"_276":277},"6af56b6cb37e",[7311,7316,7319,7324,7327,7332,7335,7340,7343,7348,7351],{"_30":7312,"_16":270,"_271":7313,"_146":7315},"996662411750",[7314],"5d16442","So I",{"_30":7317,"_16":270,"_271":7318,"_146":4327},"58e03fc31330",[],{"_30":7320,"_16":270,"_271":7321,"_146":7323},"0520f76f1dba",[7322],"ad49bfd","think that really, really helps for early stage. Even throughout the course of the day.",{"_30":7325,"_16":270,"_271":7326,"_146":4327},"256bef159751",[],{"_30":7328,"_16":270,"_271":7329,"_146":7331},"5c293e02f7f7",[7330],"4beaa01","I think also, we have one-on-ones. I think just talking through everything",{"_30":7333,"_16":270,"_271":7334,"_146":4327},"7a761f83558b",[],{"_30":7336,"_16":270,"_271":7337,"_146":7339},"3074d178b582",[7338],"4bf33d6","early and often, I think comes very naturally to me. I think whether you like it or not,",{"_30":7341,"_16":270,"_271":7342,"_146":4327},"129d7dbbee39",[],{"_30":7344,"_16":270,"_271":7345,"_146":7347},"e09dd1110fd7",[7346],"bdff6fd","I'm going to talk a lot about how things are going, how things are not going, what's going well, et",{"_30":7349,"_16":270,"_271":7350,"_146":4327},"9a4bbcccc2b9",[],{"_30":7352,"_16":270,"_271":7353,"_146":7355},"9b2f6adfdeb6",[7354],"a2e2e9a","cetera. So I haven't found it particularly challenging to make that known to the team.",[7357,7358,7360,7362,7364,7366],{"_30":7314,"_16":4343,"_4344":7307},{"_30":7322,"_16":4343,"_4344":7359},"00:21:23.670",{"_30":7330,"_16":4343,"_4344":7361},"00:21:29.840",{"_30":7338,"_16":4343,"_4344":7363},"00:21:35.590",{"_30":7346,"_16":4343,"_4344":7365},"00:21:40.110",{"_30":7354,"_16":4343,"_4344":7367},"00:21:45.990",{"_30":7369,"_16":265,"_266":7370,"_274":7374,"_276":277},"9fe822667b88",[7371],{"_30":7372,"_16":270,"_271":7373,"_146":982},"277e88570e85",[],[],{"_30":7376,"_16":265,"_266":7377,"_274":7382,"_276":380},"35d79da46a78",[7378],{"_30":7379,"_16":270,"_271":7380,"_146":7381},"020be2c95a3b",[],"Early-Stage Chaos and Fundraising",[],{"_30":7384,"_16":265,"_266":7385,"_274":7389,"_276":277},"ba1bbb4c8db3",[7386],{"_30":7387,"_16":270,"_271":7388,"_146":982},"76497c36f329",[],[],{"_30":7391,"_16":265,"_266":7392,"_274":7409,"_276":277},"701e554e13bc",[7393,7397,7401,7404],{"_30":7394,"_16":270,"_271":7395,"_146":4585},"df0c70d0b2bd",[7396,364],"b8ea47e",{"_30":7398,"_16":270,"_271":7399,"_146":7400},"b3533591d19f",[7396]," Just keeps you in tune with everyone. Yeah, that's great. Okay, so, Josh, when did the early",{"_30":7402,"_16":270,"_271":7403,"_146":4327},"a832ea3c9590",[],{"_30":7405,"_16":270,"_271":7406,"_146":7408},"45cbb7090c5c",[7407],"b51d01a","stage chaos feel overwhelming for the first time.",[7410,7412],{"_30":7396,"_16":4343,"_4344":7411},"00:21:50.610",{"_30":7407,"_16":4343,"_4344":7413},"00:21:57.970",{"_30":7415,"_16":265,"_266":7416,"_274":7433,"_276":277},"3402146bccbe",[7417,7421,7425,7428],{"_30":7418,"_16":270,"_271":7419,"_146":4941},"6fc1a9f6586c",[7420,364],"15d6335",{"_30":7422,"_16":270,"_271":7423,"_146":7424},"23fe7f86accc",[7420]," I mean, immediately. In fact, the first time you do anything, you're like, \"oh, look, I have 300",{"_30":7426,"_16":270,"_271":7427,"_146":4327},"2d5218af4f68",[],{"_30":7429,"_16":270,"_271":7430,"_146":7432},"c8826933091a",[7431],"896ccef","decisions to make and I also don't know what I'm doing. And, now what?\" It never goes away.",[7434,7436],{"_30":7420,"_16":4343,"_4344":7435},"00:22:01.890",{"_30":7431,"_16":4343,"_4344":7437},"00:22:08.410",{"_30":7439,"_16":265,"_266":7440,"_274":7470,"_276":679},"578a869dc5e1",[7441,7446,7449,7454,7457,7462,7465],{"_30":7442,"_16":270,"_271":7443,"_146":7445},"fb227c846e46",[7444],"9921dbd","I had some realization at some point back when I was in really good shape and I was",{"_30":7447,"_16":270,"_271":7448,"_146":4327},"b184123e4450",[],{"_30":7450,"_16":270,"_271":7451,"_146":7453},"d11ba9f6c6d6",[7452],"f29706b","exercising constantly and I kept waiting for the exercise to get easier. And I realized finally, it",{"_30":7455,"_16":270,"_271":7456,"_146":4327},"f7d24c4a0247",[],{"_30":7458,"_16":270,"_271":7459,"_146":7461},"c6c69f8d5f62",[7460],"c879427","doesn't get easier. I get stronger, I get faster, but it doesn't get easier. And the same",{"_30":7463,"_16":270,"_271":7464,"_146":4327},"40c7d94d5da4",[],{"_30":7466,"_16":270,"_271":7467,"_146":7469},"12fc478da6c7",[7468],"3d09462","thing is true for being in a startup. Maybe you are better at it, but it never gets easy.",[7471,7473,7475,7477],{"_30":7444,"_16":4343,"_4344":7472},"00:22:17.200",{"_30":7452,"_16":4343,"_4344":7474},"00:22:21.400",{"_30":7460,"_16":4343,"_4344":7476},"00:22:26.120",{"_30":7468,"_16":4343,"_4344":7478},"00:22:30.400",{"_30":7480,"_16":265,"_266":7481,"_274":7498,"_276":277},"9f315ff4ccb4",[7482,7486,7490,7493],{"_30":7483,"_16":270,"_271":7484,"_146":4585},"86a3bde93b9f",[7485,364],"26e9036",{"_30":7487,"_16":270,"_271":7488,"_146":7489},"98c04c2e00cb",[7485]," Yeah. So what did you do to get control of it when you felt overwhelmed by the",{"_30":7491,"_16":270,"_271":7492,"_146":4327},"61cf9165804f",[],{"_30":7494,"_16":270,"_271":7495,"_146":7497},"9929bcbc0291",[7496],"a4b92da","chaos?",[7499,7501],{"_30":7485,"_16":4343,"_4344":7500},"00:22:36.960",{"_30":7496,"_16":4343,"_4344":7502},"00:22:42.370",{"_30":7504,"_16":265,"_266":7505,"_274":7538,"_276":277},"8c7291c6406b",[7506,7510,7514,7517,7522,7525,7530,7533],{"_30":7507,"_16":270,"_271":7508,"_146":4941},"a2b7ca7eac49",[7509,364],"7f7fb2a",{"_30":7511,"_16":270,"_271":7512,"_146":7513},"49047febcf57",[7509]," It's a technique I learned as a waiter, which is when things are overwhelming and stressful, you",{"_30":7515,"_16":270,"_271":7516,"_146":4327},"fce844156716",[],{"_30":7518,"_16":270,"_271":7519,"_146":7521},"178cce51c511",[7520],"86c24cf","just get to work. Because A, you're making progress towards dealing with the situation and then",{"_30":7523,"_16":270,"_271":7524,"_146":4327},"6133b8406091",[],{"_30":7526,"_16":270,"_271":7527,"_146":7529},"87296882ebc4",[7528],"022dbe7","B, there's that focus on working on it that actually removes the stress. And instead of thinking",{"_30":7531,"_16":270,"_271":7532,"_146":4327},"868a8bec8a34",[],{"_30":7534,"_16":270,"_271":7535,"_146":7537},"8eaa66e2112f",[7536],"01ec054","about the things, you're doing the things. And so for me it's just heads down, keep going.",[7539,7541,7543,7545],{"_30":7509,"_16":4343,"_4344":7540},"00:22:43.160",{"_30":7520,"_16":4343,"_4344":7542},"00:22:48.570",{"_30":7528,"_16":4343,"_4344":7544},"00:22:54.330",{"_30":7536,"_16":4343,"_4344":7546},"00:22:59.650",{"_30":7548,"_16":265,"_266":7549,"_274":7566,"_276":277},"792c0851af28",[7550,7554,7558,7561],{"_30":7551,"_16":270,"_271":7552,"_146":4585},"4f4a06b141e5",[7553,364],"494042f",{"_30":7555,"_16":270,"_271":7556,"_146":7557},"c87f409976b6",[7553]," Okay, so this is the last question. I think everyone would like to hear all of you answer it at some",{"_30":7559,"_16":270,"_271":7560,"_146":4327},"e1dc0e51132c",[],{"_30":7562,"_16":270,"_271":7563,"_146":7565},"0ace65219787",[7564],"e277e36","point. So what conflicting advice did you receive around fundraising or early growth?",[7567,7569],{"_30":7553,"_16":4343,"_4344":7568},"00:23:05.460",{"_30":7564,"_16":4343,"_4344":7570},"00:23:10.700",{"_30":7572,"_16":265,"_266":7573,"_274":7603,"_276":277},"9bcac242abca",[7574,7579,7582,7587,7590,7595,7598],{"_30":7575,"_16":270,"_271":7576,"_146":7578},"97aa80988ecb",[7577],"f638df8","I think in",{"_30":7580,"_16":270,"_271":7581,"_146":4327},"8a76f6f4024c",[],{"_30":7583,"_16":270,"_271":7584,"_146":7586},"6cccac79a7a6",[7585],"13691f9","your case I'd rather hear about the early growth since the fundraising part was amazing. And",{"_30":7588,"_16":270,"_271":7589,"_146":4327},"2f859e9db738",[],{"_30":7591,"_16":270,"_271":7592,"_146":7594},"87f4f2c38ee5",[7593],"d718e53","then how did you build your own decision framework for fundraising and early",{"_30":7596,"_16":270,"_271":7597,"_146":4327},"4938678fe523",[],{"_30":7599,"_16":270,"_271":7600,"_146":7602},"ee60df4d303d",[7601],"ff88aaa","growth? Why don't you answer first, Brooke?",[7604,7605,7607,7609],{"_30":7577,"_16":4343,"_4344":7570},{"_30":7585,"_16":4343,"_4344":7606},"00:23:17.140",{"_30":7593,"_16":4343,"_4344":7608},"00:23:22.460",{"_30":7601,"_16":4343,"_4344":7610},"00:23:26.580",{"_30":7612,"_16":265,"_266":7613,"_274":7654,"_276":277},"59240a05d832",[7614,7618,7622,7625,7630,7633,7638,7641,7646,7649],{"_30":7615,"_16":270,"_271":7616,"_146":4600},"9fb6b2c0bce2",[7617,364],"8c4720a",{"_30":7619,"_16":270,"_271":7620,"_146":7621},"1454ea79e82b",[7617]," Yeah, I think it's easy to look out and copy lots of other people's",{"_30":7623,"_16":270,"_271":7624,"_146":4327},"e363382a2cea",[],{"_30":7626,"_16":270,"_271":7627,"_146":7629},"965b937ed157",[7628],"86a05e6","fundraising styles, but I think being genuine to who you are and what comes naturally to you.",{"_30":7631,"_16":270,"_271":7632,"_146":4327},"f970c54f44da",[],{"_30":7634,"_16":270,"_271":7635,"_146":7637},"bb1062253450",[7636],"2832633","I think there's fundraising that's very PR heavy, or there's fundraising that's very",{"_30":7639,"_16":270,"_271":7640,"_146":4327},"eff1bfb67f9a",[],{"_30":7642,"_16":270,"_271":7643,"_146":7645},"4c1482fda030",[7644],"a23b2c9","focused around the social engineering of how to get a lot of buy-in and excitement",{"_30":7647,"_16":270,"_271":7648,"_146":4327},"10cc623f0977",[],{"_30":7650,"_16":270,"_271":7651,"_146":7653},"a73fd0a1255c",[7652],"0ec8bd0","around your company.",[7655,7657,7659,7661,7663],{"_30":7617,"_16":4343,"_4344":7656},"00:23:29.700",{"_30":7628,"_16":4343,"_4344":7658},"00:23:35.870",{"_30":7636,"_16":4343,"_4344":7660},"00:23:41.270",{"_30":7644,"_16":4343,"_4344":7662},"00:23:46.590",{"_30":7652,"_16":4343,"_4344":7664},"00:23:51.950",{"_30":7666,"_16":265,"_266":7667,"_274":7689,"_276":277},"196260f79ab6",[7668,7673,7676,7681,7684],{"_30":7669,"_16":270,"_271":7670,"_146":7672},"c2ffc58b4344",[7671],"6f8164a","I think I found myself to be a very genuine fundraiser where I",{"_30":7674,"_16":270,"_271":7675,"_146":4327},"7905e0320c75",[],{"_30":7677,"_16":270,"_271":7678,"_146":7680},"30146c3886b9",[7679],"9087b77","found it much more natural to just be like, \"this is what we're building and this is why I'm super",{"_30":7682,"_16":270,"_271":7683,"_146":4327},"8180fa102ce1",[],{"_30":7685,"_16":270,"_271":7686,"_146":7688},"a52bbf9f2163",[7687],"b0eab0c","excited about it. It's going to be really cool.\"",[7690,7691,7693],{"_30":7671,"_16":4343,"_4344":7664},{"_30":7679,"_16":4343,"_4344":7692},"00:23:56.630",{"_30":7687,"_16":4343,"_4344":7694},"00:24:00.280",{"_30":7696,"_16":265,"_266":7697,"_274":7719,"_276":277},"55007a6a2b45",[7698,7703,7706,7711,7714],{"_30":7699,"_16":270,"_271":7700,"_146":7702},"ff3c9b81c3c9",[7701],"2632249","I think finding what comes",{"_30":7704,"_16":270,"_271":7705,"_146":4327},"894733d13a5a",[],{"_30":7707,"_16":270,"_271":7708,"_146":7710},"c21bab733eeb",[7709],"798dece","really naturally to you and leaning into that can be really helpful and not trying to be",{"_30":7712,"_16":270,"_271":7713,"_146":4327},"cb0491aca723",[],{"_30":7715,"_16":270,"_271":7716,"_146":7718},"a14ce1e87a97",[7717],"c26f78c","someone that you're not necessarily.",[7720,7721,7723],{"_30":7701,"_16":4343,"_4344":7694},{"_30":7709,"_16":4343,"_4344":7722},"00:24:07.080",{"_30":7717,"_16":4343,"_4344":7724},"00:24:11.440",{"_30":7726,"_16":265,"_266":7727,"_274":7752,"_276":277},"0dbf6ccb6e06",[7728,7732,7736,7739,7744,7747],{"_30":7729,"_16":270,"_271":7730,"_146":4585},"bcf8c51f81e8",[7731,364],"fbc29e5",{"_30":7733,"_16":270,"_271":7734,"_146":7735},"c4df9fbee1d2",[7731]," I think that's a really good one. That's a really great tip: Share your excitement with who you're",{"_30":7737,"_16":270,"_271":7738,"_146":4327},"f36dbcd68a98",[],{"_30":7740,"_16":270,"_271":7741,"_146":7743},"ac197cbab83d",[7742],"82787b8","fundraising with. If you can get them excited, they're more likely to fund you for sure.",{"_30":7745,"_16":270,"_271":7746,"_146":4327},"8cc8534154f5",[],{"_30":7748,"_16":270,"_271":7749,"_146":7751},"f79c206eb292",[7750],"144bce6","How about you, Jordan?",[7753,7755,7757],{"_30":7731,"_16":4343,"_4344":7754},"00:24:14.280",{"_30":7742,"_16":4343,"_4344":7756},"00:24:18.360",{"_30":7750,"_16":4343,"_4344":7758},"00:24:22.570",{"_30":7760,"_16":265,"_266":7761,"_274":7786,"_276":277},"e8a9bbb4d671",[7762,7766,7770,7773,7778,7781],{"_30":7763,"_16":270,"_271":7764,"_146":5159},"87b2190eac80",[7765,364],"c2983f1",{"_30":7767,"_16":270,"_271":7768,"_146":7769},"4fcbc342e78b",[7765]," So I talked to a bunch of founders, and I was looking for somebody who would just give",{"_30":7771,"_16":270,"_271":7772,"_146":4327},"9e8f0744ada6",[],{"_30":7774,"_16":270,"_271":7775,"_146":7777},"1a3b327b17d8",[7776],"eb0a531","me the answers. And I think it was discussed a little bit earlier, but nobody has the",{"_30":7779,"_16":270,"_271":7780,"_146":4327},"695950526199",[],{"_30":7782,"_16":270,"_271":7783,"_146":7785},"d3f87576dc51",[7784],"0628b4f","answers, and nobody has the answers for you.",[7787,7789,7791],{"_30":7765,"_16":4343,"_4344":7788},"00:24:25.460",{"_30":7776,"_16":4343,"_4344":7790},"00:24:30.450",{"_30":7784,"_16":4343,"_4344":7792},"00:24:34.570",{"_30":7794,"_16":265,"_266":7795,"_274":7825,"_276":277},"0c3fc8083552",[7796,7801,7804,7809,7812,7817,7820],{"_30":7797,"_16":270,"_271":7798,"_146":7800},"b0023a5c77dd",[7799],"41bf3ad","As you talk to these successful founders and ask,",{"_30":7802,"_16":270,"_271":7803,"_146":4327},"1bf146bb607a",[],{"_30":7805,"_16":270,"_271":7806,"_146":7808},"c63d4c3fa967",[7807],"fc266ae","\"should we raise a lot or a little?\" They have totally different opinions. Should you raise from",{"_30":7810,"_16":270,"_271":7811,"_146":4327},"d78337956ac7",[],{"_30":7813,"_16":270,"_271":7814,"_146":7816},"25737bc142b6",[7815],"f2ee11b","the highest prestige VC or the one that really gets you? There is no right answer to that. And",{"_30":7818,"_16":270,"_271":7819,"_146":4327},"1f52cae72a7c",[],{"_30":7821,"_16":270,"_271":7822,"_146":7824},"1b81d95aa1b0",[7823],"da3c11f","there's amazing founders on either side.",[7826,7827,7829,7831],{"_30":7799,"_16":4343,"_4344":7792},{"_30":7807,"_16":4343,"_4344":7828},"00:24:40.050",{"_30":7815,"_16":4343,"_4344":7830},"00:24:48.210",{"_30":7823,"_16":4343,"_4344":7832},"00:24:55.080",{"_30":7834,"_16":265,"_266":7835,"_274":7865,"_276":277},"432677cb3111",[7836,7841,7844,7849,7852,7857,7860],{"_30":7837,"_16":270,"_271":7838,"_146":7840},"23e70dc362ec",[7839],"15e06ed","I think one of the things that I realized by talking",{"_30":7842,"_16":270,"_271":7843,"_146":4327},"3d53b617d6b4",[],{"_30":7845,"_16":270,"_271":7846,"_146":7848},"8f295b63e465",[7847],"8e93732","to a bunch of people was that understanding what they did is helpful because it gives you",{"_30":7850,"_16":270,"_271":7851,"_146":4327},"26cc5fdc2dd7",[],{"_30":7853,"_16":270,"_271":7854,"_146":7856},"0460cda0d915",[7855],"09552a7","sort of a range of things, but then you have to make your own decisions and build your own",{"_30":7858,"_16":270,"_271":7859,"_146":4327},"dcf16c720578",[],{"_30":7861,"_16":270,"_271":7862,"_146":7864},"0fc6b166cafc",[7863],"b947bf2","framework. Okay, what does it mean for my company?",[7866,7867,7869,7871],{"_30":7839,"_16":4343,"_4344":7832},{"_30":7847,"_16":4343,"_4344":7868},"00:24:59.040",{"_30":7855,"_16":4343,"_4344":7870},"00:25:07.000",{"_30":7863,"_16":4343,"_4344":7872},"00:25:11.880",{"_30":7874,"_16":265,"_266":7875,"_274":7913,"_276":277},"6d327796cee6",[7876,7881,7884,7889,7892,7897,7900,7905,7908],{"_30":7877,"_16":270,"_271":7878,"_146":7880},"84e4adcfa5b2",[7879],"ad207da","It helps to understand the way they did",{"_30":7882,"_16":270,"_271":7883,"_146":4327},"3cb947d8870d",[],{"_30":7885,"_16":270,"_271":7886,"_146":7888},"87d367585eac",[7887],"f8e8c1c","it. That also helps prepare you as a CEO and as a founder, because you're going",{"_30":7890,"_16":270,"_271":7891,"_146":4327},"3f4febe4d8ad",[],{"_30":7893,"_16":270,"_271":7894,"_146":7896},"90e0eb598b6b",[7895],"12c1145","to have to be making a bunch of decisions where there is no map and nobody's going to tell you what",{"_30":7898,"_16":270,"_271":7899,"_146":4327},"b279f99918f9",[],{"_30":7901,"_16":270,"_271":7902,"_146":7904},"0caf1440850a",[7903],"949f561","to do. You still have to figure it out. You might make the suboptimal",{"_30":7906,"_16":270,"_271":7907,"_146":4327},"56ffadde0db9",[],{"_30":7909,"_16":270,"_271":7910,"_146":7912},"050849048d19",[7911],"31b55d0","decision, but you've got to make it and you make the next one.",[7914,7915,7917,7919,7921],{"_30":7879,"_16":4343,"_4344":7872},{"_30":7887,"_16":4343,"_4344":7916},"00:25:18.580",{"_30":7895,"_16":4343,"_4344":7918},"00:25:23.740",{"_30":7903,"_16":4343,"_4344":7920},"00:25:27.940",{"_30":7911,"_16":4343,"_4344":7922},"00:25:32.780",{"_30":7924,"_16":265,"_266":7925,"_274":7934,"_276":277},"c1c318e44bd9",[7926,7930],{"_30":7927,"_16":270,"_271":7928,"_146":4585},"5a2fa07ec6ae",[7929,364],"7aa99e0",{"_30":7931,"_16":270,"_271":7932,"_146":7933},"cc9bfa61f87d",[7929]," How about you, Josh? What's your decision framework for fundraising?",[7935],{"_30":7929,"_16":4343,"_4344":7936},"00:25:36.940",{"_30":7938,"_16":265,"_266":7939,"_274":7964,"_276":277},"28fffa278089",[7940,7944,7948,7951,7956,7959],{"_30":7941,"_16":270,"_271":7942,"_146":4941},"d0d6ef1def51",[7943,364],"2abd04a",{"_30":7945,"_16":270,"_271":7946,"_146":7947},"b967d5942454",[7943]," The thing that Brooke said that really resonated with me was the other half of it, which was to",{"_30":7949,"_16":270,"_271":7950,"_146":4327},"c09168d7881a",[],{"_30":7952,"_16":270,"_271":7953,"_146":7955},"fa8675659c35",[7954],"bef5077","just be yourself. They say, don't try to teach a pig to sing. It doesn't",{"_30":7957,"_16":270,"_271":7958,"_146":4327},"a99da135df27",[],{"_30":7960,"_16":270,"_271":7961,"_146":7963},"4700eb83332b",[7962],"9e78a05","work and it annoys the pig.",[7965,7967,7969],{"_30":7943,"_16":4343,"_4344":7966},"00:25:40.860",{"_30":7954,"_16":4343,"_4344":7968},"00:25:44.360",{"_30":7962,"_16":4343,"_4344":7970},"00:25:49.380",{"_30":7972,"_16":265,"_266":7973,"_274":8011,"_276":277},"86ad69c5929f",[7974,7979,7982,7987,7990,7995,7998,8003,8006],{"_30":7975,"_16":270,"_271":7976,"_146":7978},"56e8d92d956c",[7977],"9c10558","I have my own instincts about how I want to go about things, and I",{"_30":7980,"_16":270,"_271":7981,"_146":4327},"224448eb766d",[],{"_30":7983,"_16":270,"_271":7984,"_146":7986},"8792427d9e51",[7985],"bdb8d0c","can pretend to be somebody else, and I could pretend to be Adam, what's his",{"_30":7988,"_16":270,"_271":7989,"_146":4327},"6c66f77a58aa",[],{"_30":7991,"_16":270,"_271":7992,"_146":7994},"669c27b83e54",[7993],"3fc8998","face? And I have big visions of Mars. And that's not me. I'm quiet. I'm an",{"_30":7996,"_16":270,"_271":7997,"_146":4327},"4580bddb82e5",[],{"_30":7999,"_16":270,"_271":8000,"_146":8002},"2257bafb2a73",[8001],"dae73e3","introvert. Like, when we're done here, I'm going to go crawl under a couch for three hours and take",{"_30":8004,"_16":270,"_271":8005,"_146":4327},"18f9787195cd",[],{"_30":8007,"_16":270,"_271":8008,"_146":8010},"c9ed44a444e4",[8009],"46be8b8","a nap.",[8012,8013,8015,8017,8019],{"_30":7977,"_16":4343,"_4344":7970},{"_30":7985,"_16":4343,"_4344":8014},"00:25:55.820",{"_30":7993,"_16":4343,"_4344":8016},"00:26:00.460",{"_30":8001,"_16":4343,"_4344":8018},"00:26:05.780",{"_30":8009,"_16":4343,"_4344":8020},"00:26:09.180",{"_30":8022,"_16":265,"_266":8023,"_274":8053,"_276":679},"e877d21e24f8",[8024,8029,8032,8037,8040,8045,8048],{"_30":8025,"_16":270,"_271":8026,"_146":8028},"813fecebaf04",[8027],"f39fa8a","I'm just going to do things my way and I'm going to hope that that",{"_30":8030,"_16":270,"_271":8031,"_146":4327},"70495fbc2746",[],{"_30":8033,"_16":270,"_271":8034,"_146":8036},"5627a410b994",[8035],"77f97d2","matches what the world needs from me. There's going to be a lot of humility, and I'm clearly",{"_30":8038,"_16":270,"_271":8039,"_146":4327},"fab3b4fbd706",[],{"_30":8041,"_16":270,"_271":8042,"_146":8044},"807ccce46578",[8043],"0257457","going to listen when the world tells me I'm wrong, but I'm not going to go out and try to pretend to",{"_30":8046,"_16":270,"_271":8047,"_146":4327},"bc050d7ca50e",[],{"_30":8049,"_16":270,"_271":8050,"_146":8052},"1b37db2a96df",[8051],"e645704","be anything other than what I am.",[8054,8056,8058,8060],{"_30":8027,"_16":4343,"_4344":8055},"00:26:10.780",{"_30":8035,"_16":4343,"_4344":8057},"00:26:15.730",{"_30":8043,"_16":4343,"_4344":8059},"00:26:19.090",{"_30":8051,"_16":4343,"_4344":8061},"00:26:22.850",{"_30":8063,"_16":265,"_266":8064,"_274":8089,"_276":277},"f17bac5854bc",[8065,8069,8073,8076,8081,8084],{"_30":8066,"_16":270,"_271":8067,"_146":4585},"2882499c9676",[8068,364],"1269585",{"_30":8070,"_16":270,"_271":8071,"_146":8072},"56d8a3bfdb65",[8068]," That's really good advice: Be yourself. That's the end of our questions. But just to kind of",{"_30":8074,"_16":270,"_271":8075,"_146":4327},"8ee7a818e3fb",[],{"_30":8077,"_16":270,"_271":8078,"_146":8080},"eb58dacf3d8c",[8079],"d626738","summarize some of the things I thought were really great. Check in with people, build your",{"_30":8082,"_16":270,"_271":8083,"_146":4327},"d33b442dd673",[],{"_30":8085,"_16":270,"_271":8086,"_146":8088},"71a9839ce187",[8087],"994bb5e","startup with great people. Focus on the people first. I like that one a lot. Show your excitement.",[8090,8092,8094],{"_30":8068,"_16":4343,"_4344":8091},"00:26:25.090",{"_30":8079,"_16":4343,"_4344":8093},"00:26:30.810",{"_30":8087,"_16":4343,"_4344":8095},"00:26:37.610",{"_30":8097,"_16":265,"_266":8098,"_274":8120,"_276":277},"9ef42a7c828e",[8099,8104,8107,8112,8115],{"_30":8100,"_16":270,"_271":8101,"_146":8103},"cd90d19a68d8",[8102],"bca5ea0","Also, everyone's going to have a different way of doing your startup.",{"_30":8105,"_16":270,"_271":8106,"_146":4327},"8bb4835fbcb4",[],{"_30":8108,"_16":270,"_271":8109,"_146":8111},"31a3137f82b9",[8110],"8b301a0","Everyone's going to tell you, do this, do this, do this, do this. And figuring out what works for",{"_30":8113,"_16":270,"_271":8114,"_146":4327},"81c12ac58c97",[],{"_30":8116,"_16":270,"_271":8117,"_146":8119},"c2fc79ff6ec6",[8118],"2ce5fdb","you is the best way to go about it, it sounds like.",[8121,8123,8125],{"_30":8102,"_16":4343,"_4344":8122},"00:26:42.760",{"_30":8110,"_16":4343,"_4344":8124},"00:26:47.160",{"_30":8118,"_16":4343,"_4344":8126},"00:26:51.000",{"_30":8128,"_16":265,"_266":8129,"_274":8159,"_276":277},"0be0640d0220",[8130,8135,8138,8143,8146,8151,8154],{"_30":8131,"_16":270,"_271":8132,"_146":8134},"e876b7b4e7d0",[8133],"55fe489","And there's a lot of myths around whether you're",{"_30":8136,"_16":270,"_271":8137,"_146":4327},"322b0316226d",[],{"_30":8139,"_16":270,"_271":8140,"_146":8142},"50ae6129525b",[8141],"7cd7f9a","ready or not. And we heard everyone had a different story about whether they're ready or not,",{"_30":8144,"_16":270,"_271":8145,"_146":4327},"2535b87b31e5",[],{"_30":8147,"_16":270,"_271":8148,"_146":8150},"a37ded97d2a6",[8149],"2c28be8","whether it's in a day or multiple years, but getting the experience inside a company that does",{"_30":8152,"_16":270,"_271":8153,"_146":4327},"2ea0b190cd19",[],{"_30":8155,"_16":270,"_271":8156,"_146":8158},"3572f60443b5",[8157],"5add4cb","something similar, a startup maybe, is your best bet.",[8160,8161,8163,8165],{"_30":8133,"_16":4343,"_4344":8126},{"_30":8141,"_16":4343,"_4344":8162},"00:26:56.360",{"_30":8149,"_16":4343,"_4344":8164},"00:27:01.800",{"_30":8157,"_16":4343,"_4344":8166},"00:27:09.490",{"_30":8168,"_16":265,"_266":8169,"_274":8175,"_276":277},"bd929afc0f17",[8170],{"_30":8171,"_16":270,"_271":8172,"_146":8174},"6f3ba7015b14",[8173],"2ce8b5d","Thanks so much, everyone.",[8176],{"_30":8173,"_16":4343,"_4344":8166},{"_30":8178,"_16":265,"_266":8179,"_274":8188,"_276":277},"82f3f9b60db6",[8180,8184],{"_30":8181,"_16":270,"_271":8182,"_146":4600},"0f798780408b",[8183,364],"e75e40f",{"_30":8185,"_16":270,"_271":8186,"_146":8187},"728afc8782e2",[8183]," Thanks so much.",[8189],{"_30":8183,"_16":4343,"_4344":8190},"00:27:16.530",{"_16":8192,"_111":8193},"mux.video",{"_11":8194,"_13":8195,"_14":8196,"_16":8197,"_17":8198,"_8199":8200,"_7":8201,"_8283":8225,"_4180":8260,"_8284":8280,"_116":8285},"2025-09-27T14:13:01Z","b7850bd0-fa83-40e3-b195-2c47f7b2eeff","5WtcnD4kJYdkhI1yGBrMdQ","mux.videoAsset","2025-09-27T14:20:53Z","assetId","bwL9fyouwZ9PoO014JALzRZi00QcrgY6rQ",{"_8202":8203,"_8204":8205,"_294":8206,"_8207":8208,"_131":8200,"_8209":8210,"_8211":8212,"_8213":8214,"_8215":8216,"_8217":8218,"_8219":8220,"_8221":8195,"_8222":8223,"_8228":8229,"_8233":8234,"_8235":8236,"_4180":8260,"_8261":8262,"_8279":8280,"_8281":8282},"aspect_ratio","16:9","created_at","1758982525",1649.981678,"encoding_tier","smart","ingest_type","on_demand_direct_upload","master_access","none","max_resolution_tier","1080p","max_stored_frame_rate",23.976,"max_stored_resolution","HD","mp4_support","standard","passthrough","playback_ids",[8224],{"_131":8225,"_8226":8227},"7Sc00FtWy3ayZ6LpvHfShJbD5MoL1wVfl","policy","public","progress",{"_8228":8230,"_8231":8232},100,"state","completed","resolution_tier","720p","static_renditions",{"_8237":8238,"_4180":8260},"files",[8239,8249,8254],{"_8240":8241,"_8242":8243,"_8244":8245,"_4127":8246,"_4101":8247,"_4129":8248},"bitrate",752184,"ext","mp4","filesize","155133749",480,"medium.mp4",854,{"_8240":8250,"_8242":8243,"_8244":8251,"_4127":8252,"_4101":8253,"_4129":8246},412536,"85084033",270,"low.mp4",{"_8240":8255,"_8242":8243,"_8244":8256,"_4127":8257,"_4101":8258,"_4129":8259},1459744,"301062595",720,"high.mp4",1280,"ready","tracks",[8263,8273],{"_294":8264,"_131":8265,"_8266":8267,"_8268":8269,"_8270":143,"_8271":8272},1649.940317,"JNuqJizWiYywD6VYdGoD02r6hSxGlfksSMG1Ba2fhrUc","max_channel_layout","stereo","max_channels",2,"primary","type","audio",{"_294":8274,"_131":8275,"_8276":8216,"_8277":8257,"_8278":8259,"_8271":252},1649.939958,"dxvrsNFKSgI01NlE5YTvxcZUzvemBb4Bu","max_frame_rate","max_height","max_width","upload_id","3G2FktCs6SRxvNNh7F2e00NW45l2Rk01xc","video_quality","plus","playbackId","uploadId","https://stream.mux.com/7Sc00FtWy3ayZ6LpvHfShJbD5MoL1wVfl","preview","pageNumber","actionData","errors"]

From Signal, to Spark, to Startup: Making The Leap

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